Garonnian/Sound changes
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Vulgar Latin to Proto-Garonnian
- Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids (/l/ or /r/): speculum → /isˈpɛkʲu/ → /isˈpjɔdʒu/ → pisçoģ /pisˈtʃɔdʒ/ "mirror"
- Early lenition: /b/ and /v/ merge to /β/ in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to /w/ instead (Latin parabolō → /paˈrawlu/ → Garonnian parol /paˈrɔl/ "I speak"). Note them will deleted before /j/.
- Palatalization of /l/ following a consonant to /j/ (note cluster /kl/ → /kʲ/ → /tʃ/ → /dʒ/, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin oculus → Garonnian ueģ "eye").
- Palatalization of /k(ɛ,i,j)/, /ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/ to /tʃ/ and /j/, respectively. The following original /j/ sounds (resulted from /e(ː)/ and /i(ː)/ preceding vowels) are deleted.
- Notice also additional palatalizations that only occur before /j/: /lʲ/ → /ʎ/, /nʲ/ → /ɲ/, /sʲ/ → /ʃ/, and /tʲ/ → /ts/. Others were still denoted by plain palatalization: /mʲ/, /pʲ/, and /rʲ/. Note that original /bʲ/ in early Proto-Garonnian times transformed into /j/: habeō → ai "I have".
- Vowel shifts: ten vowels in Classical Latin are reduced to only five vowels in Proto-Garonnian:
| Classical Latin | a | aː | e | eː | i | iː | o | oː | u | uː |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Gallo-Sicilian | a | ɛ | i | ɔ | u | |||||
- Additionally, vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ change to /e/ and /o/ when preceding syllables containing vowels /i/ and /u/, that would be phonemic sometime in the Garonnian language's history. The table below illustrates this change:
| Latin forms | /ˈhabeːs/ | /ˈhabet/ | /haˈbeːmus/ | /haˈbeːtis/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loss of -h- | /ˈabeːs/ | /ˈabet/ | /aˈbeːmus/ | /aˈbeːtis/ |
| Early lenition | /ˈaβeːs/ | /ˈaβet/ | /aˈβeːmus/ | /aˈβeːtis/ |
| Vowel shift | /ˈaːβɛs/ | /ˈaːβɛt/ | /aˈβemus/ | /aˈβetis/ |
| First lenition | /ˈaːβɛz/ | /ˈaːβɛd/ | /aˈβeːmuz/ | /aˈβeːdiz/ |
| Second lenition | /ˈaːɛz/ | /ˈaːɛð/ | /aˈeːmuz/ | /aˈeːðiz/ |
| Vowel loss | — | — | /aˈeːmz/ | /aˈeːðz/ |
| Diphtongization | /ˈaiɛz/ | /ˈaiɛð/ | /aˈeimz/ | /aˈeiðz/ |
| Simplification | /ˈaɛz/ | /ˈaɛð/ | /ˈaimz/ | /ˈaiðz/ |
| Monophthongization | — | — | /ˈɛmz/ | /ˈɛðz/ |
| Compensatory lengthening | — | /ˈaɛ/ | — | /ˈɛːz/ |
| Garonnian forms | aes | aed | aims | aids |
| English | "you have" | "(s)he has" | "we has" | "you have" |
Examples
| Latin forms | homō | fēmina | fīlius | aqua | focus | pluvia | terra | caelus | altus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loss of -h- | /omoː/ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Early lenition | — | — | — | — | — | /ˈpluβiam/ | — | — | — |
| Coalescence | — | — | /ˈfiʎːum/ | /ˈakːwa/ | — | /ˈplujam/ | — | — | — |
| Vowel shift | /ˈoːmo/ | /ˈfeːmina/ | /ˈfiːʎːu/ | /ˈaːkːwa/ | /ˈfoːkus/ | /ˈpluːja/ | /ˈtɛːrːa/ | /ˈkeːlus/ | /ˈaːltus/ |
