Garonnian/Sound changes
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Vulgar Latin to Proto-Garonnian
- Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids (/l/ or /r/): speculum → /isˈpɛkʲu/ → /isˈpjɔdʒu/ → pisçoģ /pisˈtʃɔdʒ/ "mirror"
- Early lenition: /b/ and /v/ merge to /β/ in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to /w/ instead (Latin parabolō → /paˈrawlu/ → Garonnian parol /paˈrɔl/ "I speak"). Note them will deleted before /j/.
- Palatalization of /l/ following a consonant to /j/ (note cluster /kl/ → /kʲ/ → /tʃ/ → /dʒ/, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin oculus → Garonnian ueģ "eye").
- Palatalization of /k(ɛ,i,j)/, /ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/ to /tʃ/ and /j/, respectively. The following original /j/ sounds (resulted from /e(ː)/ and /i(ː)/ preceding vowels) are deleted.
- Notice also additional palatalizations that only occur before /j/: /lʲ/ → /ʎ/, /nʲ/ → /ɲ/, /sʲ/ → /ʃ/, and /tʲ/ → /ts/. Others were still denoted by plain palatalization: /mʲ/, /pʲ/, and /rʲ/. Note that original /bʲ/ in early Proto-Garonnian times transformed into /j/: habeō → ai "I have".
- Vowel shifts: ten vowels in Classical Latin are reduced to only five vowels in Proto-Garonnian:
| Classical Latin
|
a
|
aː
|
e
|
eː
|
i
|
iː
|
o
|
oː
|
u
|
uː
|
| Proto-Gallo-Sicilian
|
a
|
ɛ
|
i
|
ɔ
|
u
|
- Additionally, vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ change to /e/ and /o/ when preceding syllables containing vowels /i/ and /u/, that would be phonemic sometime in the Garonnian language's history. The table below illustrates this change:
| Latin forms
|
/ˈhabeːs/
|
/ˈhabet/
|
/haˈbeːmus/
|
/haˈbeːtis/
|
| Loss of -h-
|
/ˈabeːs/
|
/ˈabet/
|
/aˈbeːmus/
|
/aˈbeːtis/
|
| Early lenition
|
/ˈaβeːs/
|
/ˈaβet/
|
/aˈβeːmus/
|
/aˈβeːtis/
|
| Vowel shift
|
/ˈaːβɛs/
|
/ˈaːβɛt/
|
/aˈβemus/
|
/aˈβetis/
|
| First lenition
|
/ˈaːβɛz/
|
/ˈaːβɛd/
|
/aˈβeːmuz/
|
/aˈβeːdiz/
|
| Second lenition
|
/ˈaːɛz/
|
/ˈaːɛð/
|
/aˈeːmuz/
|
/aˈeːðiz/
|
| Vowel loss
|
—
|
—
|
/aˈeːmz/
|
/aˈeːðz/
|
| Diphtongization
|
/ˈaiɛz/
|
/ˈaiɛð/
|
/aˈeimz/
|
/aˈeiðz/
|
| Simplification
|
/ˈaɛz/
|
/ˈaɛð/
|
/ˈaimz/
|
/ˈaiðz/
|
| Monophthongization
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈɛmz/
|
/ˈɛðz/
|
| Compensatory lengthening
|
—
|
/ˈaɛ/
|
—
|
/ˈɛːz/
|
| Garonnian forms
|
aes
|
aed
|
aims
|
aids
|
| English
|
"you have"
|
"(s)he has"
|
"we has"
|
"you have"
|
Examples
| Latin forms
|
homō
|
fēmina
|
fīlius
|
aqua
|
focus
|
pluvia
|
terra
|
caelus
|
altus
|
| Loss of -h-
|
/omoː/
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| Early lenition
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈpluβiam/
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| Coalescence
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈfilʲːum/
|
/ˈakːʷa/
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| Vowel shift
|
/ˈɔːmɔ/
|
/ˈfeːmina/
|
/ˈfiːlʲːu/
|
/ˈaːkːʷa/
|
/ˈfoːkus/
|
/ˈpluːja/
|
/ˈtɛːrːa/
|
/ˈkeːlus/
|
/ˈaːltus/
|
| First palatalization
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈpʲuːja/
|
—
|
/ˈkʲeːlus/
|
—
|
| First lenition
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈfoːɡuz/
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈkʲeːluz/
|
/ˈaːltuz/
|
| Second palatalization
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈfiʎːu/
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈtʃuːja/
|
—
|
/ˈtʃeːluz/
|
/ˈaːltuz/
|
| Vowel breaking
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
/ˈtjɛrːa/
|
—
|
—
|
