Liwadi: List of Prepositions
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Table of Phonemes
IPA | /h/ | /χ/ | /ɣ/ | /w/ | /o/ | /u/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ŋ/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /s/ | /z/ | /j/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /ä/ | /n/ | /m/ | /l/ | /ɾ/ | /ʔ/ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin | H h | ḳ | ġ | W w | O o | U u | K k | G g | Ń ń | T t | D d | ṭ | ḍ | P p | B b | ṗ | ḃ | S s | Z z | Y y | I i | E e | ė | A a | N n | M m | L l | R r | ʻ |
Arabic | ح | خ | ݗ | و | ۄ | ۆ | ک | ݢ | گ | ط | ظ | د | ذ | ٮ | ﺏ | ڡ | ڢ | ص | ض | ی | ي | ه | ا | ن | م | ل | ر | ع | |
Name | Ha حا |
Ḳa خا |
Ġa ݗا |
Wa وا |
Wo وۄ |
Wu وۆ |
Kaf کا |
Gaf ݢا |
Ńaf گا |
Ta طا |
Da ظا |
Ṭa دا |
Ḍa ذا |
Pa ٮا |
Ba با |
Ṗa ڡا |
Ḃa ڢا |
Sa صا |
Za ضا |
Ya ىا |
Yi ىي |
Ye ىه |
Yė ىٰ |
Alif ا |
Nun نۆن |
Mim ميم |
Lam لام |
Ra را |
ʻan عان |
List of Prepositions
- aba denotes concern for someone or something: concerning, respecting, in/with regard to, as regards, regarding, with respect to, with regard for, about, with, on, for, in.
- Em aba sa 'ń dikud tagasa.
- I know about your illness.
- adu denotes exception: apart from, beside, besides, but for, except, save, not to-, -speak of, -mention, other than, outside.
- Adu ya ruzdar, em sa yok lusrur-na awańa:
- I have all the ingredients, except for eggs.
- ae denotes the indirect object of the verb: for, to; or indicates a relationship to an adjective: to.
- Em ae su 'm mintikag sa lomed-na mańama.
- I will give the banana to my daughter.
- ala denotes up to a limit: at the edge of, as far as, as many as, to, till, until, up to.
- Emer ala oyinulen lu ń manapa.
- We will stay with you until tomorrow.
- ańa denotes at or to a lower level than something else literally or figuratively: below, behind, beneath, under(neath).
- Es ańa sa litad sa yon-na deraʻu.
- She hid the cup under the bed.
- apu denotes in a parallel direction: along, alongside (of).
- Su tin apu su 's bab dakadu.
- The boy is walking alongside his father.
- ara denotes anterior to in time or space: before, in front of, ahead of, against, in advance of, previous to.
- Emer ara sa nulen ńisup sewaru.
- We left before sunrise.
- asi denotes paying no attention to: regardless of, despite, in spite of, for, in face of, notwithstanding, disregarding.
- Asi sa 's yisur es sa lipez-na netal.
- Regardless of his pain, he completed the race.
- ata denotes change to, toward or at a lower place either literally or figuratively: down (through), down from.
- Su tikag ata sa dokem ńeʻanu.
- The child climbed down the tree.
- aya denotes position on top of literally or figuratively: atop, over, to, on, upon.
- Su min aya sa nikem sa ʻiṗyar-na leyal.
- The woman placed the flowers on the table.
- ba denotes movement or direction from the inside to the outside: (out) of, from (within).
- Su limad ba sa napuʻ rutiń epazu.
- The people ran out of the burning house.
- egu denotes in opposition to, in contact with: against, contrary to, into, on, opposed to, opposite, up, with:
- Su tikag egu sa ikam epazu.
- The child ran into the tree.
- elo denotes motion towards literally or figuratively: to, toward, at, into, -ward.
- Su ziʻpor elo sa yam ńanalu.
- The birds are flying seaward.
- ere denotes in the course of: during, for, in, in the process-, -course-, -of, on, through, throughout, under.
- Eter ere sa nuʻad yo sa lisap deraʻ.
- They hid in the cave during the storm.
- eri denotes situation or partition between two or more entities: among, (in) between, through, with.
- Su tėmin eri su 's bab he su 's mam salagu.
- The girl is standing between her father and mother.
- esa denotes agency: by.
- Es esa ya mesnor gėmeban.
- He was bitten by the snakes.
- eto denotes proximity: near, about, beside, by, next to, on, close to, against.
- Sa emer yi'up eto sa dap ayadu.
- Our village is near the mountain.
- eya denotes from a past time: since.
- Es eya olan doked eyadu.
- She's been sick since yesterday
- hi denotes instrumentality: with, by means of.
- Eń hi ya niʻom dad rinap-na mėnaʻam tadaki.
- You can cut that meat with a knife.
- ido denotes purpose: for.
- Eter ido sa duʻok wid-na renaka.
- They're cooking this for the party.
- Em ido sa nitug wed yimon-na remada.
- I made this spear for the hunt.
- ige denotes movement into: into.
- Sa rinap ige sa map meʻak.
- The meat fell into the fire.
- ila denotes to or at a higher level than something else literally or figuratively: above, over.
- Su ziʻop ela sa tusip ńanalu.
- The bird flew over the forest.
- ilu denotes from one side of an opening to another: through.
- Es ata sa rutiń yik ta binel ledaru.
- He hurried home through the rain.
- ini denotes comparison: compared to, than.
- Et yodayyoday ini m ayadu.
- He is stronger than I am.
- ińa denotes the manner, method, way by which something is done: with, through, in.
- Su in ińa bigok luliz sa ʻoṭder-na enaʻu.
- The man harvested the papayas with a great effort.
- iro denotes encirclement or in or to various directions or locations: around.
- Sa tehom iro sa obul epazu.
- The animal ran around the lake.
- isi denotes having a lack of something: without.
- Eń isi sa 'm sitop wed-na mėsanad zapayi.
- You will have to do this without my help.
- ize denotes the in the middle: middle.
- Sa bunper ize sa tal ayadu.
- The islands are in the middle of the ocean.
- iʻe denotes relating to someone or something: toward, in relation to.
- La sa 'ń puben iʻe 's ayadu ha.
- What are your feelings towards him?
- lu denotes accompaniment in time or space; in company with, along with.
- Es lu su 's minsad relanu.
- He came with his sister.
- ne denotes possession: of.
- Sa rutiń ne su in aya sa dap ayadu.
- man's house is on the mountain.
- odu denotes motion from one side to the other: across, on the other side of, over.
- Su tikag odu sa nipap epazu.
- The child ran across the beach.
- ola denotes having the front in the direction of something else: facing.
- Su in ola sa nutas menapu.
- The man remained facing the danger.
- ono denotes to or on the side of a person or thing toward the north when facing the rising sun: on-, to-, -the left.
- Su tėmin ono su 's bab salagu.
- The girl stood to the left of her father.
- ore denotes in exchange for, literally or figuratively: (in-, -exchange-, -return-) -for.
- Em ore dad nugem keń miz yoṭnur-na mańama.
- I will give you eight coconuts for that raft.
- oyi denotes posterior to in time or space literally or figuratively: after, around, behind, beyond, by, on the other side of, outside, past, following.
- Su limad oyi sa pub yewapa.
- The people returned after the fire.
- Seń su tin oyi su 's bab dakadu.
- Now the boy is walking behind his father.
- Su nulen oyi sa nuʻad wepayu.
- The sun shone after the storm.
- ugo denotes in place of, replacement or preference: for, instead of, in lieu of, rather than.
- Su 's mam ae 's ugo ya uban ńeʻom-na meńamu.
- His mother gave him an apple instead of a pear.
- uli denotes removal from or location at a certain place or time either literally or figuratively, away from, or separation from support, attachment or position: from, off (of), of.
- Su tikag uli su 'ń mam-na epazu.
- The child ran away from her mother.
- Em uli ya Amerika ayada.
- I am from America.
- Ayap es uli sa kisob meʻaku.
- Then he fell off the log.
- uma denotes possessing a special characteristic: with.
- Su 'm bab su in uma sa yimon ayadu.
- My father is the man with the spear.
- uńu denotes duration or extension through space literally or figuratively: (all) over, through(out).
- Es uńu sa zeʻid sa lutol gekayu.
- She spilled the water all over the floor.
- ura denotes done on behalf of, for the benefit, sake, or interest of someone: for.
- Ura su sudok epir uruk emer-na renika.
- Let's cook supper for the family.
- uto denotes to or on the side of a person or thing toward the south when facing the rising sun: on, to-, -the right of.
- Eń uto sa retoz sa ńamul-na asada.
- You'll see the oven to the right of the house.
- uʻa denotes change to, toward, or at an elevated place literally or figuratively: up, up to.
- Su tikag uʻa sa dokem ńeʻanu.
- The child climbed up the tree.
- ye denotes causality: because of, at, by, for, in, of, on account of, by reason of, in consequence of, as a result of, out of, owing-, due -to, from, through, under, with.
- Ye sa binel emer ez sa rutiń menapa.
- Because of the rain, we stayed home.
- yi denotes similarity or likeness: as like, similar to.
- Sa 'ń tagar yi ya riṗgir dapayu.
- Your hands smell like roses.
- yo denotes interiority: in, within, inside.
- Su min yo sa 'm rutiń ayadu.
- The woman is in her house.
- za denotes on or toward the exterior of: outside, without.
- Su 'ser bab za sa lisap su tinir-na yapus selagu.
- Their father stood outside the cave calling the boys.
- zu denotes stationary position or location in time or space: at, in, on, to.
- Es he su 's wolib zu sa ńupas selagu.
- He and his wife stood at the door.