Hudío Phonology
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Pronunciation table
| ă | b | ḅ | d | ḍ | e | g | ġ | h | i | k | ḳ | l | m | n | o | p | ṗ | r | s | ś | š | t | ṭ | u | w | y | z | ' | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אְ | בּ | ב | דּ | ד | אֵ | גּ | ג | ה | אִ | כּ | כ | ל | מ | נ | אָ | פּ | פ | ר | ס | צ | ש | תּ | ת | אֻ | ו | י | ז | ע | |
| /ä/ | /ə/ | /b/ | /v/ | /d/ | /ð/ | /e/ | /g/ | /ʝ/ | /h/ | /i/ | /k/ | /ç/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /o/ | /p/ | /f/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /ʦ/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /θ/ | /u/ | /w/ | /j/ | /z/ | /ʔ/ |
Part I - Phonology
Consonant chart
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | <m> /m/ מ/ם |
<n> /n/ נ/ן |
||||
| Voiceless Stop1 | <p> /p/ פּ2 |
<t> /t/ תּ3 |
<k> /k/ כּ4 |
<'> /ʔ/ ע5 | ||
| Voiced Stop | <b> /b/ בּ |
<d> /d/ דּ |
<g> /g/ גּ |
|||
| Sibilant Affricate | <ś> /ʦ/ צ/ץ |
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| Voiceless Sibilant Fricative | <s> /s/ ס |
<š> /ʃ/ ש6 |
<h> /h/ ה7 | |||
| Voiced Sibilant Fricative | <z> /z/ ז |
|||||
| Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative | <ṗ> /f/ פ/ף |
<ṭ> /θ/ ת |
<ḳ> /ç/ כ/ך8 |
|||
| Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative | <ḅ> /v/ ב |
<ḍ> /ð/ ד |
<ġ> /ɣ/ ג |
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| Approximant | <w> /w/ ו |
<y> /j/ י |
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| Trill | <r> /ɾ/ ר |
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| Lateral approximant | <l> /l/ ל |
Notes
- 1 The begadkepat consonants (p,g,d,k,t,b) are stops when word initial (דַּבַר, daḅar, word) or when syllable initial following a consonant (מַלכַּ, malka, queen). Otherwise they are the respective fricatives /f/, /ɣ/, /ð/, /x/, /θ/ and /v/. In the Latin alphabet the fricative graphemes are indicated with a dot under the stop graphemes.
- 2 The dagesh is used to mark the stop consonants.
- 3 ט (Tet) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת (Taf) /t/.
- 4 ק (Quf) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (Ka).
- 5 The glottal stop (Ayin <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַעַר, na'ar, boy.
- 6 שׂ (Sin) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס (sámek). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin.
- 7 ה (He) has been deleted when syllable final.
- 8 ח (Heth) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (Ka).
- Use of the five final forms is optional.
- There are no geminate consonants.
Vowel chart
| Front | Near Front | Cental | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/~/ɪ/1 אִ |
u /u/ אֻ | ||
| Close-mid | e /e/~/ɛ/2 אֵ |
o אׇ | ||
| Mid | ă3 <ə> אְ |
|||
| Open | a אַ |
Notes
- 1 The two phonemes are allophonic. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables.
- 2 The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables.
- 3 Influenced by the Romanian ă.
- All vowels are of equal length.
