Appendix D: Shemspreg-English Lexicon

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Shemspreg to English Lexicon

The entries have the following form:

Shemspreg
Gloss
Part of Speech
Etymology
Source
-sor
woman
noun
sor
GI
=je
emphasis
clitic
-je
418
=kwe
and
conjunction
-kʷe
635


A - B - CH - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - R - S - T - U - V - W - Y - Index

A

aamer
day
noun
a:mer-
35
aano
ring, anus
noun
a:no-
47
aazh-
desire, need
verb
a:(i)jʰ-
14
ab
river, current, stream
noun
ab-
1
abalo-no
tree; apple tree
noun
abalo-no-
GI
abel
tree; apple
noun
abel- (2ebo:l)
1
ach
sharp
adjective
ac-
18
achmo
stone
noun
acmo- (2acmo:)
19
ad
at; to, by
preposition
ad-
3
ad
grain
noun
had-
GI
ades
grain; spelt
noun
ades-
3
adro
canal, river
noun
ad-ro-
4
aghuno
lamb
noun
agʰʷ-no-s
9
aich
spear
noun
aic-
15
aidh-
burn, shine
verb
ai-dʰ-
11
aig
tree; oak
noun
aig-
13
aig-
swing
verb
aig-
13
aig- swe
swing (refl)
verb
aig-
13
aighw-
be ashamed
verb
aigʰʷ-
14
aij
goat
noun
aij- (2eij-)
13
ais-
wish
verb
ais-
16
aisk
clear, bright, shining
adjective
aisk-
16
aj-
drive (livestock)
verb
aj- (2ej-)
4
aj-
lead
verb
aj- (2ej-)
4
ajro
pasture; unworked field for grazing
noun
aj-ro-s (2ejros)
6
aks
axle
noun
2ecs
6
akwa
river
noun
akʷa:-
23
akwa
water
noun
akʷa:-
23
al
white, glinting
adjective
al-
29
alghu/w-
value
noun
algʰʷ-
32
alghw-
earn
verb
algʰʷ-
32
alisa
tree; alder
noun
alisa:
302
alnos
all
quantifier
al-no-s
24
alu
bitter
adjective
alu-
33
alvi
grain; barley
noun
albʰi-
29
alvo
white, light colored
adjective
albʰo-
30
alyo
other
adjective
alyos-
25
am
time of ripening; harvest time
noun
ham-
GI
am-
harvest
verb
ham-
GI
ambi
around
preposition
ambʰi
34
an
grandmother
noun
han-
GI
an
on
preposition
an
39
an-
breathe, inhale
verb
an(h)-
38
anat
bird; duck
noun
anht- (an2t-s)
41
anata
doorpost
noun
anhta: (2(e)n2t)
42
aner
man
noun
aner- (2ne:r)
765
aner
masculine life force, male strength; maturity
noun
Hner-(t)-
GI
ang
joint
noun
ang-
46
angwi
snake, viper
noun
ang(ʰ)ʷi-
43
ani
breath
noun
anh-
GI
animo
breath
noun
anh- (2an1mo-s)
38
anj
narrow
adjective
anjʰ-
42
anj-
strangle
verb
anjʰ- (2anjʰ-)
42
anjen
soul, breath
noun
anjʰen-
43
anju
narrow
adjective
hanjʰ-u-
GI
ank
hook
noun
hankʰ-
GI
ank-
bend
verb
ank-
45
ans
favorable
adjective
ans-
47
ansu
ghost, demon
noun
ansu-
48
ant
front, forehead
noun
ant-s
48
anti
against
preposition
anti
48
ap-
grasp; pluck, pick
verb
ap-
50
apo
from, as of
preposition
apo
53
ar
also
clitic
ar
62
ar
tree; nut
noun
ar-
61
ar-
fit, correspond, unite
verb
ar- (2ar-)
55
ar-
work land, plow
verb
har-
GI
ardi
tip, point
noun
ardi-
63
arimo
arm
noun
arh-mo-
58
arj
white, glinting
adjective
ar(e)-j- (2erj-)
64
arjint
metal; silver
noun
ar(e)-j- (2erj-nt-)
64
aru-
plow
verb
ar(h)- (2er3-)
62
aru-tro
plow
noun
arh-trom (2er3-trom)
62
aru/w-
field
noun
ar(h)w- (2er3-)
63
aru/w-
freeman
noun
arw-
GI
arw-
pray, offer prayer
verb
arw-
GI
arwa
guts
noun
arwa:
68
aryo
lord, master, host
noun
ar(y)o-
GI
as
hearth
noun
has-
GI
aster
star
noun
haster-
GI
au
away from
preposition
au-
72
au-
perceive
verb
au-
78
aug-
increase
verb
aug-
84
aukh
neck
noun
augʰ-
87
aulo
tube
noun
au-lo-s
88
aus
dawn
noun
(a)us-o:s (2uso:s)
86
aus
ear
noun
o:us- (2awsos)
785
aus
east
noun
(a)us-o:s (2uso:s)
86
aus-
create
verb
aus-
90
aus-aano
earring
noun
auso
metal; gold
noun
auso-
86
av
sudden
adjective
abʰ-
2
avro
strong, violent
adjective
abʰro-
2
awe
bird
noun
awei- (2awi-s-)
86
awij
grain; oats
noun
awij-
88
awo
grandfather
noun
awo-s (2eu2os)
89
ayer
day
noun
aier-
12
ayos
metal
noun
ayos- (2eios)
15
ayos
metal; bronze, iron
noun
ayos
15
ayu
life; youthful life force; eternity; lifespan
noun
ayu-
17
ayu-wo
alive, vigorous
adjective
ayu-
17
azher
day
noun
ajʰer-
7

B

banan(a)
banana
noun
origin unknown
IW

C

cha
there
adverb
co-
609
chak
branch, pole, stake
noun
cak-
GI
chas
grey
adjective
cas-
533
chasno
hare
noun
cas-no- (chs)
533
chatro
fight
noun
cat(e)ro-
534
che
here
adverb
ce-
609
che-chuk-ent
clean
adjective
ceuk-
GI
cheeko
grass, fodder
noun
ceeko-
GI
chel
cold
adjective
cel-
551
chenk-
hang
verb
cenk-
566
chens-
solemnly proclaim, prescribe, announce
verb
cens-
GI
cher-wo
bull, ox (originally ʰhorned’)
noun
ce/or-w-
GI
cherd
heart
noun
cerd-
579
cherisir/n-
head
noun
c(e)rHs-r/n-
GI
ches-
cut
verb
ces-
586
chestro
knife
noun
ces-tro-m
586
cheu
hollow
adjective
ceu-
592
cheuk-
clean
verb
ceuk-
GI
chimtom
100
numeral
cMtóm
192
chirn
horn
noun
cer- (cRn-)
574
chirsen
hornet (horned insect)
noun
cRs-en-
GI
chleu-
hear
verb
cleu-
605
chlewo
glory
noun
clewo-
GI
cho
yonder
adverb
co-
609
cholimo
pipe, tube
noun
colhmo-s
612
chyee
dark brown; dark
adjective
cye:-
GI

D

daap
ritual food offered to the gods
noun
dahp-
GI
dachru
tear(s)
noun
dacru-
179
dai-
tear up
verb
da:i- (da2i-)
175
daiwer
brother-in-law (husband’s brother)
noun
da:iwe:r (day2we:r)
179
de
of
preposition
de
181
dechim
10
numeral
decM-t
191
dechim-oyno
11
numeral
deech
design, predestination, indication, direction, law
noun
deic-
GI
deech-
show
verb
deic-
188
deechtro
finger
noun
deic-
188
dei-
shine
verb
dei-
GI
deks
rightside
adjective
decs-
190
del-
count
verb
del-
193
dem-
build
verb
dem-
198
demi-
tame
verb
demh-
GI
dench-
bite
verb
denc-
201
dens
thick
adjective
dens-
202
der-
remove skin, bark; flay
verb
der-
206
derch-
see
verb
derc-
213
deru
tree
noun
deru-
214
deu-
fit
verb
deu- (dew2-)
217
deuk-
pull; lead
verb
deuk-
220
dewos
god
noun
deiwo-s
185
deyeu
sky, heaven
noun
deyeu- (dye:w-s)
184
dezhom
dirt
noun
jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m)
414
dezhom
earth, ground
noun
jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m)
414
dikh
goat
noun
digʰ-
GI
dilgho
long (duration)
adjective
dLgʰó- (dL1gʰo-s)
197
dinju
language
noun
dNjʰu:- (dNjʰwa2-s)
223
dinju
tongue
noun
dNjʰu:- (dNjʰwa2-s)
223
diw
day
noun
diw-
185
diw-u
daily
adjective
diw-
185
diw-u-ne
daily
adverb
diw-
185
domo
house, building
noun
do:mo- (domhos)
198
domo
tame
adjective
domo-s (dom2o-s)
199
dont
tooth
noun
(e)d-ont-
289
doo-
give (take)
verb
do:- (de3-)
223
draa-
run
verb
dra:- (dra2-)
204
dru
wood (oak)
noun
d(o)ru-
GI
dus
bad, wrong; mistaken
adjective
dus-
GI
dwei-
fear
verb
dwei-
227
dwo
2
numeral
dwo: (duo-1)
228
dwo-pel
double
verb
dwo:
228
dwoo-dechim
20
numeral
dyeu
sky; god (esp sky or sun god)
noun
dyeu- ~ diw- ~ deiwo-
GI
dyeus-pater
sky-father; supreme deity
noun
dyeu(s)-pHter-
GI

E

echwo
horse
noun
ecwo-s (1ecuos)
301
ed-
eat
verb
ed- (1ed-)
287
edhlo
tree: conifer
noun
edʰlo-
GI
eek-
own
verb
e:ik-
298
ees
ice
noun
ei-s-
301
eesiro
endowed with sacred power; sacred
adjective
eishro-
GI
egni
fire (as an active force)
noun
egnis (Ngni-)
293
egwer
mountain; peak
noun
hegʷr- ~ hgʷe/or- ~ hgʷr
GI
ei-
go
verb
ei- (1ei-)
293
ej
1s(s)
pronoun
ej- (ej2)
291
ekhs
out
preposition
egʰs
292
ekw-
drink
verb
ekʷ-
GI
el-
bend
verb
el-
307
elch
elk
noun
(e)l-c-
GI
elen
fawn
noun
el-en- ~ el-N-
GI
elinbo
doe
noun
el-N-bʰo-s
GI
elun
tree; juniper
noun
el-en- (el-w-n)
303
em-
take
verb
1em- (1em-)
310
en
in
preposition
en
311
en
year
noun
en-
314
ench
death, plague, fate, compulsion
noun
henc- ~ hnec-
GI
ensi
sword
noun
Nsi- ~ ensi-
GI
enter
between
preposition
enter
313
enu
without
preposition
enu
318
epi
beside, by
preposition
epi
323
er-
row
verb
er(e)- (1er1-)
338
er-
start
verb
er-
326
eri
lamb, ram
noun
er(i)-
GI
ers
buttocks
noun
ers-
340
es-
be
verb
es-
340
esen
harvest time; summer
noun
(e)s-en-
GI
esir/n-
blood
noun
es-R/n- (es2-R)
343
esu
good
adjective
esu-s
342
eth
needle
noun
edʰ
GI
eti
beyond
preposition
eti
344
eu-
put on, pull on
verb
eu-
GI
euk-
get used to
verb
euk-
347
eus-
burn, glow; cremate
verb
eus-
GI
euth
udder
noun
eudʰ
GI
ezhi
hedgehog
noun
ejʰi-
292
ezhi
snake
noun
ejʰi-
43

F

faa-
glint, shine
verb
bʰa:-
104
faaghu
forearm
noun
bʰa:gʰú-s
108
faago
tree; beech
noun
bʰa:go-s
107
faazhu
elbow; forearm
noun
bʰaajʰu-
GI
fad
good
adjective
bʰad-
106
fag-
share
verb
bʰag-
107
fago
share, part
noun
bʰago-s
107
fardha
beard
noun
bʰardʰa:
110
fares
grain; barley
noun
bʰares-
111
fau-
beat
verb
bʰau-
112
fe
without
preposition
b(ʰ)e
112
fedh-
dig
verb
bʰe/odʰ-
GI
fee
bee
noun
bʰei-
116
feg-
break
verb
bʰeg-
114
fegh-
quarrel
verb
bʰegʰ-
GI
fei-
hit
verb
bʰei(h)-
117
fend-
tie
verb
bʰendʰ-
127
fer-
bring; carry
verb
bʰer-
128
fer-
work with a sharp tool
verb
bʰer-
GI
ferij
tree; birch
noun
bʰerhj-
139
ferij-
shine, be bright
verb
bʰerhj-
GI
fero
brown
adjective
bʰero-s
136
fersh
fortress, fortification; high mountain
noun
bʰ(e)rjʰ-
GI
fersh
high, top
noun
bʰerjʰ-
GI
fersh
mountain
noun
bʰerjʰos
140
fersh
tower
noun
bʰ(e)rjʰ-
GI
ferzh-
rise, stand up, get up
verb
bʰerjʰ-
GI
feu-
be, exist, become (inanimate)
verb
bʰeu-
146
feudh-
awaken
verb
bʰeudʰ-
GI
feug-
bend
verb
bʰeug-
152
finj-u
thick, solid
adjective
bʰNjʰu-s
127
fiver
beaver
noun
bʰibʰer ~ bʰebʰer
GI
flaagh-men
priest (?)
noun
bʰlaagʰ-men
GI
flaj-
beat
verb
bʰlaj-
154
flee-wo
blue
adjective
bʰle:-wo-s
160
floo
plant
noun
bʰel- ~ bʰloh- ~ bʰlH
GI
fo
if
conjunction
bʰo
113
fog-
bake
verb
bʰog-
113
fog-achmo
brick
noun
fraater
brother
noun
bʰra:ter- (bʰré2t(e:)r)
163
fred-
wade
verb
bʰred(ʰ)-
164
freej
white, glinting
adjective
bʰre:j-
139
freu-
brew, ferment
verb
bʰrew-
145
fruj-
roast
verb
bʰrej- ~ bʰruj-
GI
fruu
eyebrow(s)
noun
bʰruh-
GI
fujo
goat
noun
bʰujo-
GI

G

gadu
cat
noun
gad-u-
GI
gem
load
noun
gem-
368
gem-
stuff
verb
gem-
368
gemo
twin
noun
gemo
GI
ger-
crow, make noise
verb
ger-
GI
geu-
chew
verb
g(y)eu-
400
glakt
milk
noun
glakt
400
glob-u
round
adjective
glob
AHD
gnoo-
know
verb
gnoo-
AHD
gref
crab
noun
grebʰ-
GI
grev-
etch, scratch, write
verb
grebʰ-
392
grev-
scratch, scrape, draw
verb
(s)grebʰ-
GI
groof
tree; hornbeam
noun
gro:b(ʰ)o-s
404
gurau
millstone
noun
gʷraau-
GI
gwaa-
step
verb
gʷa:- (gʷa2-)
463
gwee
all living things
noun
gʷey-
467
gwei-
live
verb
gʷey-
467
gwela
acorn
noun
gʷla:- (gʷelh)
472
gwelf
womb; fetus, young animal
noun
gʷelbʰ-
GI
gwem-
come
verb
gʷem-
463
gwena
woman; wife
noun
gʷena:-
473
gwer
heat, warmth
noun
gʰʷer-
GI
gwer
heavy
adjective
gʷer-
476
gwer-
swallow
verb
gʷer- (gʷer3-)
474
gweru
heavy
adjective
gʷ(e)r-u-
GI
gwes-
extinguish
verb
gʷes-
479
gwey-ent
alive, living
adjective
gʷey-
467
gwi-wo
alive, having life
adjective
gʷiwo-s
467
gwolgwol
musical instrument
noun
gʰolgʰol
GI
gwoo
bovine; cow
noun
gʷou- (gʷe2us)
482

H

hirth
clan; descendant
noun
hRdʰ-
GI
hoyes
pole
noun
his- ~ hoi-es- ~ hois
GI

I

in-
word negation
PFX
N-
756
in-mir-to
immortal
adjective
N-mR-tó-s
735
inchechuki
unclean
adjective
ceuk-
GI
inder
under
preposition
Ndʰer
771
ing
cross, surly
adjective
ing-
13
irkso
bear
noun
Rc-s-o-s
875
isu
arrow
noun
isu-s
B
iwo
tree; yew
noun
(e)i-wo-
297

J

jalo
sister-in-law
noun
jal(ou-)
GI
jem-
marry (of a man)
verb
jem(e)-
369
jemb-
bite, tear apart, break into pieces
verb
jembʰ-
369
jen-
acknowledge, become aware; acknowledge guilt or sin
verb
jen- ~ jn-
GI
jen-
beget
verb
jen-
373
jen-ta
clan, tribe, kin collectivity
noun
jen-(t-)
GI
jenu
jaw, chin
noun
jenu-
381
jenu
knee
noun
jenu-
380
jer-
age
verb
jer-
390
jeront
old man (participle of jer- ʰage’)
noun
jer(ont)
GI
jeus-
choose
verb
jeus-
399
jirno
grain
noun
jR-no-m
390
jombo
peg
noun
jombʰo-s
369

K

kaar
wax
noun
ka:r-
532
kaau-
strike, cut, forge
verb
kahu-
GI
kaave
coffee
noun
< Turkish ʰkahveʰ
IW
kach
small, thin
adjective
kac-
GI
kais
hair
noun
kais-
520
kajo
goat
noun
kajo-
517
kaka
manure, excrement
noun
kakka-
521
kan-
sing
verb
kan-
525
kap-
catch, seize
verb
kap- (ka2p-)
527
kapel
head
noun
kap-el-
GI
kaput
head
noun
kap-ut-
529
kar
tree: nut
noun
qar-
GI
karkar
crab
noun
karkar-
GI
kat
cat
noun
kat-
GI
kel
mountain, high place
noun
kel-
GI
kelch
cup
noun
kel-c-
550
kelp
pot
noun
kelp-
555
kerk
bird: chicken, hen, rooster
noun
kerk-
GI
kerp
implement for harvesting
noun
kerp-
GI
kes-
comb
verb
kes-
GI
kes-
scrape; shave
verb
kes-
585
khav-
grasp, take; have
verb
gʰabʰ-
407
khed-
defecate
verb
gʰed-
423
khelsh
metal; copper, bronze
noun
gʰel(e)jʰ-
435
khelu
turtle
noun
gʰelu
GI
kher-
fence in, surround, circle, enclose
verb
gʰer-
GI
kherth
fence; enclosure
noun
gʰ(e)r-dʰ-
GI
kherto
land
noun
khevel
head
noun
gʰebʰ-el- (gʰebʰ2l-)
423
khiv
left
noun
gʰibʰ-ol-o-
GI
khnid
nit
noun
gʰnid
GI
khos-
devour
verb
gʰos-
452
khosti
host, guest; stranger
noun
gʰosti-s
453
khou-
pay attention to
verb
gʰou-
GI
khree-
grow
verb
gʰre:-
454
khwel-
want
verb
gʰʷel-
489
khwelu
hungry
adjective
gʰʷel-
489
khwen-
hit, kill; destroy; pursue (enemy)
verb
gʰʷen-
491
khwer
warm
adjective
gʰʷer-
493
khwerm
warmth, heat
noun
gʰʷer-m-
GI
khweyi
tendon
noun
gʰʷeih-
489
khwiislo
fiber
noun
gʰʷi:slo- (gʰʷihslo-)
489
kili-wo
bald
adjective
kelhwo- (kLhwo-)
554
kilni
hill
noun
kL-ni- ~ kol-ni-
GI
kirno
tree; cherry
noun
kRnos
572
kleno
tree; maple
noun
kleno-
603
klep-
steal
verb
klep-
604
kneu
tree: nut
noun
kneu-
GI
koj
goat
noun
qoj-
GI
kokso
groin
noun
kocsa:-
611
kom
with
preposition
kom
612
kor-
crow, make noise
verb
ke/or- ~ kR-
GI
korch
weak, thin
adjective
korc-
GI
koslo
tree; hazel
noun
kos(e)lo-
616
kost
bone
noun
qe/os-t-
GI
koyot
coyote
noun
< Nahuatl koyotl
IW
kree-
buy
verb
kʷrei- (kʷrei2-)
648
krem
soup prepared by heating, fermentation
noun
kr-em-
GI
kreui
raw flesh, raw meat
noun
kreuh- ~ kruh-
GI
kwaas-
cough
verb
kʷa2s-
R
kwas
cheese
noun
kwas-
GI
kwekulo
wheel
noun
kʷekʷlo-
640
kwel
cattle herder
noun
kʷel-
GI
kwel-
rotate, turn
verb
kʷel-
639
kwelo
circle
noun
kʷelo-
639
kwento
holy
adjective
cwen-to-
GI
kwep
boar
noun
qwep-
GI
kwer
bowl
noun
gʷer-
642
kwer-
buy
verb
kʷer-(ei-)
GI
kwer-
do, make; connect; make by hand; form
verb
kʷer-
GI
kwetwer
4
numeral
kʷetwer-
642
kwetwer-pel
quadruple
verb
kʷetwer-
642
kwi
what, who
pronoun
kʷo-
644
kwii-
want
verb
kwi:-
632
kwirmi
worm; ant
noun
kʷRmi-
GI
kwoi-
punish, compensate, pay price, avenge
verb
kʷe/oi-(naa-)
GI
kwon
dog
noun
cwon-
632

L

laab
lip
noun
la:b-
655
laawo
people, folk; army, campaign
noun
lah(w)o
GI
laiwo
leftside
adjective
laiwo-
652
laks
salmon (derivative of lac- ʰred; spotted’)
noun
lacs-
GI
lau
booty, plunder
noun
lau-
GI
lau-
take plunder
verb
lau-
GI
lav-
catch, seize
verb
labʰ-
652
lee
slick
adjective
lei-
662
lee-
poor
adjective
le:(i)-
665
leeg-
bind; swear an oath, bind in obligation
verb
leig-
GI
leekw-
leave (tr)
verb
leikʷ-
669
lees
rut, track
noun
leis-
671
leeto
warmth
noun
le:to- (le1t-)
680
leewo
smooth
adjective
leiwo-
662
leezh-
lick
verb
leijʰ-
668
legh-
lay
verb
legʰ-
658
legh- se
lie
verb
legʰ-
658
leghu
light
adjective
legʰʷ-
GI
lei
mortar
noun
lej-
gather, collect
verb
lej-
GI
lenta
tree; linden
noun
lenta:
677
leu
lion
noun
leu-
GI
leudhero
free people; folk
noun
leudʰero-
GI
leuj-
break
verb
leuj-
686
leuk
light
noun
leuk-
687
leuk-
shine
verb
leuk-
687
leuv-
love
verb
leubʰ-
683
levont
elephant
noun
lebʰont- ~ Lbʰont-
GI
lezh-
crawl, creep; spread
verb
lejʰ-
GI
lino
flax
noun
lino-
GI
longo
long (dimension)
adjective
(d)longʰo-s
197
look-snaa
shining body
noun
louksnaa-
GI
looko
meadow
noun
lowko-s
R
lus
louse
noun
lus (luhs)
692

M

maalo
fruit
noun
mahlo-
GI
maater
mother
noun
ma:ter- (mé2t(e:)r)
700
maatro
uncle (MoBr)
noun
ma:tro:- (me2tro:us)
701
marko
horse
noun
marko-
GI
marsk
swamp
noun
mor- ~ mar-(sc-)
GI
matro
aunt
noun
ma:ter- (mé2t(e:)r)
700
me
1s(o)
pronoun
me-
702
med-
measure, weigh
verb
med-
705
medh
honey, mead
noun
medʰu
707
medh-u
sweet
adjective
medʰu
707
medhi
middle
adjective
medʰi-
706
mee-
measure
verb
meh-
GI
mee-
ripen
verb
meh(i)-
GI
meems
meat
noun
me:mso- (me:ms-)
725
meens
moon, month
noun
me:ns- (me:1Ns)
731
meezh-
urinate
verb
meijʰ-
713
mei-
change, exchange
verb
mei-(n)-
GI
mej
big
adjective
mej- (mej2-s)
708
mel
black, dark
adjective
mel-
GI
mel-
crush, divide; thresh, grind grate
verb
mel-
GI
mel-
deceive
verb
mel-
719
mel-
grind
verb
mel- (molh-)
716
mel-
say, pronounce
verb
mel-
GI
meld-
pray while offering sacrifice; make a sound
verb
mel-dʰ-
GI
meli
honey
noun
meli
723
melit
sweet
adjective
mel-i-t-
GI
melj-
milk
verb
29melj-
722
men
thought, mind, reason
noun
men-
GI
men-
rise, stand out
verb
m(e)n-
GI
men-
think, remember
verb
men-
726
ment
mountain heights
noun
m(e)n-t-
GI
mer-
die
verb
mer-
735
merk-
soak
verb
merk-
739
mesk-
sink
verb
mezg-
745
meu
semen, sperm
noun
meu- ~ mu-
GI
meus
moss
noun
m(e)us-
GI
mil
grinder, mill
noun
mL- ~ mul-
GI
mild
soft
adjective
mLdu- (mLdʰ-)
718
milyo
bad, evil
adjective
mel-yo-
719
mir-
put into (someone’s) possession, govern; hold
verb
mHr-/n-(t)-
GI
mir-to
mortal
adjective
mRt-ós
735
mir/n-
hand
noun
mh-n-és (mhr-/n-)
740
mod
manner
noun
mod
AHD
moks
soon
adverb
mocs
747
mono
back of head, occiput; neck
noun
mon(o)-
747
mor
black, dark
adjective
mor-
734
mori
sea, lake
noun
mori
748
moro
tree: mulberry (tree and fruit)
noun
moro-
GI
moru/w-
ant
noun
mor-w- ~ wor-m-
GI
morva
form
noun
morbʰ-aa
GI
mosko
marrow
noun
mos-ko-
750
mrezhu
short
adjective
mrejʰu-
GI
mug-
pray; pronounce the words of a prayer
verb
mug-
GI
mus
fly, gadfly
noun
mu(s)-
muus
mouse
noun
mu:s (muhs)
752

N

naa-
fear, revere (gods); be ashamed
verb
nah-
GI
naau
boat, ship
noun
nahw-
GI
nas
nose
noun
nas-
755
ne
1p(o)
pronoun
ne-
758
ne
not
clitic
ne
756
nech-
die; disappear
verb
hnec-
GI
neegw-
wash
verb
neigʷ-
761
nem-
give, allot; take
verb
nem-
763
nepot
grandson
noun
nepo:t-
764
nepti
granddaughter
noun
nepʰtʰí
GI
nes-
return home; be reunited with relatives
verb
nes-
GI
nevos
cloud
noun
nebʰos
315
newin
9
numeral
newnoun
318
newo
new
adjective
newo-s
769
nii
low, bottom
noun
ni:-
GI
nist
nest
noun
ni-zd-os
887
nogu
naked
adjective
nogʷ-
769
nokut
night
noun
nokʷt-s
762
nomen
name
noun
nomN (1ne:3mN)
321
noodo
knot
noun
no:do-s
758
nos
1p(o)
pronoun
nos
758
nov
navel
noun
nobʰ- ~ Nbʰ- ~Mbʰ
GI
nu
now
adverb
nu-
770

O

o-
consider true, believe an omen
verb
ho-
GI
od-
smell
verb
od- (3od-)
773
odhes
axe
noun
a/odʰes-
GI
oghwi
snake, viper
noun
ogʰʷi-
43
okto
8
numeral
octo:
775
okw-
see
verb
okʷ- (3okʷ-)
775
okwes
eye
noun
okʷ(e)s-
775
ol
bird: water bird, water fowl
noun
e/ol-
GI
ol
brown, red
adjective
e/ol-
GI
olina
elbow
noun
olina: (olVna2)
307
olmo
tree; elm
noun
ol-mo-s
303
om
unripe, bitter
adjective
om- ~ M-
GI
omo-
swear
verb
omh- (3om3-)
778
omso
shoulder
noun
om(e)so-s
778
ond
mountain, cliff, rock
noun
ond- ~ Nd-
GI
oner-
dream
verb
oner- (3ner-)
779
ongu/w-
oil; ointment, salve
noun
ongʰʷ
GI
ongw-
anoint
verb
ongʷ-
779
onokh
claw
noun
onogʰ- (3nogʰ-s)
780
ons-
give birth, produce; kin
verb
hons- ~ hNs-
GI
oochu
swiftly
adverb
o:cu-s
775
oos
mouth
noun
o:us- (ohs)
784
oos
tree; ash
noun
o:s-
782
oowi
egg
noun
o:wi-om ((2)o:wio-m)
783
opir/n-
goods, wealth, possessions; trade
noun
hop-r/n-
GI
or
bird; eagle
noun
or-
325
or-
rise, get up, heave
verb
3or-
R
or-
supplicate, entreat gods
verb
or-
GI
ori
village boundary
noun
e/orh-
GI
orji
testicle
noun
orjʰ-i-
GI
ors
buttocks
noun
ors-
GI
orvo
indigent; orphan, slave
noun
orbʰo-
781
osonos
donkey (borrowed?)
noun
os(o)nos
GI
osp
tree; poplar, aspen
noun
apsa: (osp-)
55
ost
bone
noun
ost- (2ost)
783
osto
branch, twig
noun
ozdo-s (3osdo-s)
785
ovi
towards
preposition
obʰi
287
ow-
put on footwear
verb
hou-
B
owent
shoe
noun
hou-
B
owi
sheep
noun
owi-s (3euis)
784
owi-paa
shepherd
noun
howi-pah-
GI
oyno
1
numeral
oi-nos
286

P

paa-
feed
verb
pa:-
787
paa-
guard (livestock), herd
verb
pah- ~ poh(i)-
GI
paaj-
fasten
verb
pa:j- (pa2g-)
787
pard
leopard
noun
pard-
GI
patat(a)
potato
noun
< Taino ʰbatataʰ
IW
pater
father
noun
phte(r) (p2te:r)
829
pecho
hair, fur
noun
p(e)c-o-
GI
pechu
domestic animals, livestock
noun
pec-u-
797
ped
foot
noun
ped- (po:d-s)
790
peech
spotted
adjective
p(e)ic-
GI
peens
sand
noun
pe:ns
824
pees
mortar and pestle
noun
peis- ~ pis-
GI
pees-
thresh, mill (grain)
verb
peis- ~ pis-
GI
peesk
fish
noun
peisk-
796
pekw-
cook, prepare
verb
pekʷ-
798
pel
dust, powder
noun
pel-
802
pel
fortress, fortified city
noun
pel-
GI
pel
skin
noun
pel-
803
pel
smooth
adjective
pel-
GI
pel-
multiply, fold together
verb
pel-
GI
pelechu
axe
noun
pelecu-
GI
pelit
wide, flat
adjective
p(e)l-h-t-
GI
pen
bog, mud
noun
pen-
807
penkwe
5
numeral
penkʷe
808
perch
spotted
adjective
perc-
GI
perch-
furrow; scratch, make hole or depression in the earth
verb
perc-
GI
perd-
fart
verb
perd-
819
peri
front
noun
per-h-
GI
perkwu
forest
noun
perkʷu-
GI
perkwu
tree; oak
noun
perkʷu-s
822
perkwu-no
god of war and military campaigns
noun
per(kʷ)u-no-
GI
pero
feather
noun
pero-m
R
pes
penis
noun
pes-
824
pet-
fall, fly
verb
pet- (pet2-)
825
petir
wing
noun
pet-R-
825
peuch
tree; pine, spruce
noun
peuc-
828
peuch
tree: fir, pine
noun
peuc- ~ puc-
GI
peuch-
prick
verb
peuc-
828
pik
pitch
noun
pik
GI
pilma
palm
noun
pL-ma: (pL2ma2)
805
pilno
full
adjective
pL-no- (pL1no-s)
798
pinksti
fist
noun
pNksti-
839
pint
path
noun
pNt-H
GI
pint
road
noun
pNt-H
GI
pinti
track
noun
pNt(h)h-
808
pit
tree: pine, fir
noun
pit
GI
pitro
uncle
noun
phte(r) (p2te:r)
829
plaa-
spread
verb
pla:-
805
plech-
plait, braid, intertwine
verb
plec-
834
pleu-
float, sail, swim; soak, make wet
verb
pleu-
835
pleumon
lung (from pleu- ʰto float’)
noun
pl(e)u-mon-
837
ploo
flea
noun
plou-
102
plu
many, much
quantifier
pelu-
800
pneu-
blow
verb
pneu-
838
pol
half; pair
numeral
p(o)l-
GI
pol
shield
noun
pol-
GI
poli
city, town
noun
pel- (p(o)lh-)
798
polt-
fold
verb
p(o)l-t-
GI
poo
few
quantifier
po:u-
842
poo-
drink
verb
po:(i)- (po3-)
839
poolo
foal
noun
po:(u)-lo-s (p(o:)lh-)
842
porcho
piglet
noun
porco-s
841
post
behind
preposition
pos (post)
841
poti
master, sovereign, husband
noun
poti-s
842
potni
lady
noun
pot-ni-
GI
prech-
ask
verb
prec-
821
preu-
jump
verb
preu-
GI
preus
frost
noun
preus-
846
preuso-
freeze, cold
verb
preu-so-
GI
pro
ahead, before
preposition
pro
813
pur, pawir
fire (for cooking)
noun
pur (pa2wR)
828
putlo
boy
noun
putlo-s
R
puur
grain; wheat
noun
puur-
GI

R

raad
root
noun
w(e)ra:d- (wra2d-)
1167
ree
possessions, property
noun
reh(i)
GI
ree-
travel by ship
verb
erH- ~ reh-
GI
reej
strong, efficient
adjective
rehj-
GI
reej-
break
verb
wre:j-
1181
rej
king
noun
re:j-s (3re:j-s)
854
rej
right, straight
adjective
rej- (3Rju-s)
854
rej-
direct, correct, straighten, even out
verb
rej-
GI
rej-
make wet, irrigate
verb
rej-
GI
rem-
support
verb
rem-
864
ren
lamb
noun
wr-en-
GI
ret-
run, ride, walk
verb
ret(h)- (hret-)
866
ret-
walk
verb
ret(h)- (hret-)
866
reu-
roar
verb
reu-j-
GI
reudh
red metal; copper
noun
r(e)udʰ-
GI
reuth
red
adjective
reudʰ-
872
rod
rose; wild rose
noun
wrod-
GI
roto
wheel
noun
roto- (hrot2-)
866
roto-wo
cart
noun
roto- (hrot2-)
866
royko
heather
noun
wroi-ko-
GI
rughyo
grain; rye
noun
wrugʰyo-
1183

S

saag-
recognize by signs; ask (the gods’ will)
verb
saag-
GI
saag-
seek
verb
sa:g-
876
saimen
cord, rope
noun
s2ime:n
R
sak
holy
adjective
sak-
GI
sak
rite
noun
sak-
GI
sak-
sanctify
verb
sak-
GI
sak-
set apart; sanctify
verb
sak-
878
sal
salt
noun
sal- (se2l-)
878
samlu
tree: apple
noun
(s)amlu-
GI
saus
dry
adjective
saus-/sus-
GI
sawel
sun
noun
sawel- (so2wL)
881
sed-
set
verb
sed-
884
sed- swe
sit
verb
sed-
884
see-
sow; press into the ground
verb
se:(i)- (se1-)
889
see-
tie, bind, twist
verb
seh(i)-
GI
see-men
seed, semen
noun
seh(i)-men-
GI
seemi
1/2
numeral
se:m-i-
903
seku/w-
eye, view
noun
se/okʷ-
GI
sekw-
follow
verb
se/okʷ-
GI
sekw-
notice
verb
se3-
897
sekw-
see, look; perceive
verb
sekʷ-
897
sel
living space
noun
sel-
GI
sel-
take, grab
verb
sel-
899
selj-
hunt
verb
selj-
GI
selp
butter; grease, fat
noun
selp-
901
sem
together
adjective
sem-
902
sema
summer
noun
sema:-
905
sen
summer and fall
noun
sen-
GI
sengw-
sing
verb
sengʷ-
906
seno
old
adjective
sen(o)-
906
sep-
bury
verb
sep-
GI
septim
7
numeral
septM
909
ser-
protect
verb
ser-
910
serk-
compensate a loss
verb
serk-
GI
serp
sickle, implement for harvesting
noun
serp-
GI
serw-
take plunder
verb
se/orw-
GI
seu-
wring, squeeze out (liquid); press (juice); chase out
verb
seu- ~ su-
GI
seur
urine
noun
sehur
GI
sewi-
give birth
verb
seuh- ~ suh-
GI
sezh-
win, triumph
verb
sejʰ-
888
shaiso
spear
noun
jʰaiso-
410
shan-
yawn
verb
jʰan-
411
shans
bird; goose
noun
jʰan-s-
412
shee-
yawn
verb
jʰe:-
419
sheem
winter
noun
jʰei- (jʰeim-)
425
shel
gall, bile
noun
jʰel-
429
shel
yellow (metal)
adjective
jʰel-
429
shem
person, human being
noun
jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m)
414
sher-
fence in; encircle, surround
verb
jʰer-
442
shers
grain; barley
noun
jʰers-
446
shes
yesterday
adverb
jʰdʰyés
416
shesir
hand
noun
jʰesor- (jʰesR-)
447
sheslo
1000
numeral
jʰéslo-
446
shleu
green
adjective
jʰleu-
433
shokolat
chocolate
noun
< Nahuatl ʰxocolatlʰ
IW
shorna
gut
noun
jʰor-na:
443
shorto
enclosure
noun
jʰor-to-s
442
shuu, dezhu
fish
noun
jʰdʰu:- (djʰuh-s)
414
shwer
wild animals
noun
jʰwer-
GI
sinjo
lion
noun
sinjʰo-
GI
skei-
divide, separate
verb
skei-
919
skep-
split with a tool
verb
(s)kep-
930
sker
crooked
adjective
sker-
carve, shear, cut; shave
verb
sker-
938
sker/n-
feces; manure
noun
scer/n-(d-)
GI
skeu-
cut, divide, scratch
verb
ske:u-
954
slee
slick
adjective
slei-
662
sleeb-
slip
verb
(s)leib-
663
sleedh-
slide
verb
sleidʰ-
960
sme
very
adverb
sme
966
smee-
smear
verb
sme:-
966
smekir
chin
noun
smekr-
GI
smer-
remember
verb
(s)mer-
969
smeru
grease, fat
noun
smeru-
970
snaa-
swim
verb
sna:- (sne2-)
971
snee-
spin (yarn)
verb
sneh-(i/u-)
GI
sneewir/n-
bowstring; tendon, sinew
noun
sne:w-(e)r- (sne1wR)
977
sner-
snore
verb
sner-
AHD
sneuv
marriage; bride
noun
(s)neubʰ-
GI
sneuv-
marry, take as wife
verb
sneubʰ-
977
snighu/w-
snow
noun
snigʰʷ-
974
snuso
daughter-in-law
noun
snuso-s
978
so
3s
pronoun
so
978
sokto-
guard, take care of (a sick person)
verb
sokto-
GI
solu/w-
health
noun
sol-(w-)
GI
som
one
numeral
se/om-
GI
somen
song, singing
noun
shomen-
GI
sorw-
take plunder
verb
se/orw-
GI
spelsh
spleen
noun
speljʰ-
GI
spen-
spin
verb
(s)pen-(d-)
988
spend-
perform a libation, sprinkle
verb
spend-
GI
speno
breast
noun
speno- (psteno-s)
990
sperg
bird; sparrow, starling
noun
sper-g-
GI
spiko
bird; woodpecker
noun
(s)piko-
GI
spingo
bird; small bird; finch
noun
(s)pingo-
GI
splei-
split (tr)
verb
splei-
1000
splei- swe
split (refl)
verb
splei-
1000
spreg-
talk (impromptu activity)
verb
(s)p(h)re:g-
996
spyeu-
spit
verb
(s)p(h)ye:u-
999
sreu-
flow, stream
verb
sreu-
1003
sreu-men
stream
noun
sreu-men-
1003
sreu-to
stream
noun
sreu-to-
1003
sriig-
cold, freeze
verb
sriig-
GI
staa-
stand (tr)
verb
sta:- (sta2-)
1004
staa- swe
stand (refl)
verb
sta:- (sta2-)
1004
stai
thief
noun
(s)tahi-
GI
stai-
rob, steal; conceal
verb
(s)tahi-
GI
steb
stem, trunk
noun
steb(ʰ)
1011
steeg
sharp, sharpened
adjective
(s)teig-
GI
steeg-
stab
verb
(s)teig-
GI
stel-
place
verb
stel-
1019
stemp
dull
adjective
sten-
thunder
verb
(s)ten-
1021
steno
breast
noun
steno- (psteno-s)
990
ster
star
noun
ster- (2ste:r)
1027
ster-
steal
verb
ster-
1028
sterg-
be sick
verb
s(t)erg-
GI
steud-
push, shove
verb
steud-
1033
steuro
steer
noun
steu-ro-
1010
streu-
scatter
verb
su
good
adjective
wesu-/su-
GI
su
pig
noun
su-s
1038
sunu
son
noun
sunu-s
913
suu
rain
noun
su2-
R
suuro
sour
adjective
su:-ro-
1039
swa-
rain
verb
su2-
R
swaad
sugar
noun
swa:d-
1039
swaad
sweet
adjective
swa:d-
1039
swe-
reflexive
pronoun
sʷe-
GI
swe-dhu
daughter-in-law
noun
swe-lo-
1046
swe-ma
mother-in-law
noun
swe-lo-
1046
swe-pa
father-in-law
noun
swe-lo-
1046
swe-su
son-in-law
noun
swe-lo-
1046
swe-swe
sister-in-law
noun
swe-lo-
1046
swe-vra
brother-in-law
noun
swe-lo-
1046
swekru-dhugater
daughter-in-law
noun
swekru-
1043
swekru-maater
mother-in-law
noun
swekru-
1043
swekru-pater
father-in-law
noun
swekru-
1043
swekru-sunu
son-in-law
noun
swekru-
1043
swekru-swesor
sister-in-law
noun
swekru-
1043
swekru-vraater
brother-in-law
noun
swekru-
1043
sweks
6
numeral
swecs
1044
swelik
tree; willow
noun
weli-ka: (swVlyk)
1140
swelk
furrow
noun
swelk-
GI
swen-to
strong, healthy
adjective
swen-to-
GI
swep-
sleep
verb
swep-
1048
swer
dark color
adjective
sʷer-
GI
swer
pole
noun
swer-
1050
swesor
sister
noun
swesor- (sueso:r)
1051
sweth
custom
noun
swedʰ-
883
syuu-
sew
verb
syu: (syuh-)
915

T

ta
that
pronoun
to-
1086
taa-
melt
verb
ta:- (ta2-)
1053
tauro
aurochs; bull, wild bull
noun
thuro-s (te2uros)
1083
te
2s(o)
pronoun
te
1097
te
this
pronoun
to-
1086
tek
child
noun
tʰekʰ-
GI
teks-
compose poetry
verb
tecs-
GI
teks-
prepare, weave, braid, work (material), mold
verb
tecs-
GI
tekw-
run, flow, rush along
verb
tekʷ-
1059
tem
dirty
adjective
tem(h)-
1063
ten-
stretch
verb
ten-
1065
tenu
thin
adjective
tenu-s
1069
tep
warmth, heat, blaze
noun
tep-
GI
ter-
conquer, overcome
verb
terh- ~ tRh-
GI
ter-
rub, polish, abrade; drill, bore hole
verb
ter-
GI
terk-
twist
verb
terk-
1077
ters
dry
adjective
ters-
1078
ters
dry
verb
ters-
1078
teter
black grouse (?)
noun
tet(e)r-
GI
teu-t-ono
leader of a people
noun
teu-t-ono-
GI
teu-ta
tribe, people; society
noun
teu-ta:-
1080
thanu
tree; pine, fir
noun
tʰanu-
234
the-
put, place
verb
dʰe:- (dʰe1-)
235
the- cherdom
believe (lit: ʰplace (one’s) heart’)
verb
cred-dʰeh-
GI
the- chlewom
acquire glory, fame
verb
clewo- dʰeh-
GI
the- nomenom
establish a name; give a name
verb
nome/on dʰeh-
GI
thee-
suck; suckle, nurse, give milk
verb
dʰe:(i)- (dʰe1-)
241
theem
pertaining to the ritual establishment
adjective
dʰeh-m-
GI
thees
holy
adjective
dʰe:s- (dʰe1s-)
259
theesh
clay; material for pottery
noun
dʰeijʰ-
GI
theezh-
mix clay, mold
verb
dʰeijʰ-
GI
theghw-
burn (intr); be angry
verb
dʰegʰʷ-
GI
then-
flow (of water)
verb
dʰen-
GI
theu-
disappear, die (from dʰeu- ʰexhale’)
verb
dʰeu-
GI
theub
deep
adjective
dʰeu-b-
267
theugh-
squeeze, give milk
verb
dʰeugʰ-
GI
theun
settlement on a hill
noun
dʰeun-
GI
theus
asphyxia, breath, breathing; soul
noun
dʰeu-(h/s)- ~ dʰu-(h/s)-
GI
theus-
blow, exhale, gasp
verb
dʰeu-(h/s)- ~ dʰu-(h/s)-
GI
thev(-u)
small
adjective
dʰebʰ-
GI
thregh-
run
verb
dʰregʰ-
273
threu-
run, flow
verb
dʰreu-
274
threukh
friend; comrade (at arms)
noun
dʰreugʰ-
GI
thrikh
hair
noun
dʰrigʰ-
276
thugater
daughter
noun
dʰug(h)hter (dʰug2te:r)
277
thur
harness
noun
dʰur-
GI
thur-
harness
verb
dʰur-
GI
thuumo
smoke
noun
dʰu:-mo- (dʰu2mo-s)
261
thwer
door
noun
dʰwer-
278
to
3p
pronoun
to-
1086
to
yonder
pronoun
to-
1086
tree
3
numeral
trei-
1090
tree-dechim
30
numeral
tree-pel
triple
verb
tree
1090
tu
2s(s)
pronoun
tu (tuh)
1097
twako
skin
noun
twakos
1099
twek
body; body part; membrane, skin
noun
twek-
GI

U

udero
belly
noun
udero-
1104
udhir
weather
noun
hw-dʰr-
GI
uksen
bull, ox
noun
uks-en-
1118
ulkwo
wolf
noun
wLkʷos
1178
uper
over
preposition
upér
1105
ut
up, out
preposition
ut
GI

W

waasto
empty, devastated
adjective
wa:sto-
GI
waat
soothsayer, prophet
noun
waat-
GI
waat-
be aroused or inspired to poetic creation; prophesy
verb
waat-
GI
we
1p(s)
pronoun
we-
1114
we
or
conjunction
we-
75
wech
village; a group of houses
noun
we/oc-
GI
wed
wet
adjective
wed-
AHD
wedh-
lead away, carry off a bride (by force)
verb
hwedʰ-(mno-)
GI
wedh-
wed
verb
wedʰ-
1115
wedir/n-
water
noun
wed-(r/n-t-) ~ ud-(r/n-t-)
GI
wee-
blow
verb
we:- (2we1-)
81
weed
wolf
noun
weid-(n)-
GI
weed-
see
verb
weid-
1125
weeno
wine
noun
w(e/o)ino-
GI
weewer
squirrel; small forest mammal
noun
we(i)wer-
GI
weg
damp
adjective
weghw-
praise solemnly while making sacrifice
verb
heugʰʷ- ~ hwegʰʷ-
GI
wei-
chase
verb
wei- (wey1-)
1123
wei-
twist, plait
verb
wei-
GI
weku/w-
voice
noun
hwekʷ-
GI
wekw-
speak, talk; compose, praise
verb
wekʷ-
1135
wekwos
word
noun
wekʷos-
1135
wel
pasture, meadow; dwelling of the dead
noun
wel
GI
wel-
wish
verb
wel-
1137
wem-
vomit
verb
wem-
1146
wend-
weave, plait
verb
wendʰ-
GI
went
wind
noun
hwent-
GI
wer
heather
noun
wer-
GI
wer-
burn
verb
wer-
GI
wer-
defend (oneself), save (oneself), protect (oneself)
verb
wer-
GI
wer-
find
verb
wer- (wer1-)
1160
wer-
look, pay attention; to be careful
verb
wer-
GI
wer-
turn away
verb
wer-
1152
werg-
serve
verb
wwerg-
AHD
werj-
make
verb
werj-
1168
wern
tree: alder, poplar; log, beam, mast
noun
wer-n-
GI
wers-
pour, spill
verb
wers-
GI
wersen
bull (originally ʰpouring forth semen’)
noun
wers-en- ~ wRs-en-
GI
wert
wheel, circle; cart
noun
hwer-t- ~ hwer-jʰ-
GI
wert-
rotate, turn
verb
hwer-t- ~ hwer-jʰ-
GI
wes-
be, exist, become (animate)
verb
hwes-
GI
wes-
clothe oneself
verb
wes-
1172
wes-
dress
verb
wes-
GI
wes-
dwell, stay
verb
(a)wes- (2wes-)
72, 1170
wes-
wear
verb
wes-
1172
wesir/n-
spring and summer
noun
wesr-/n-
GI
wesno
price, trade, value
noun
ues-no-
1173
wesperos
evening
noun
wesperos
1173
wesperos
west
noun
wesperos
1173
wester
shepherd, herder
noun
wes-ter-
GI
wesu
good
adjective
wesu-
1174
wet
year
noun
wet-
1175
weto
old
adjective
weto-
GI
wev-
braid, tie, twist, weave
verb
webʰ-
1114
wezh-
ride, carry (in a vehicle)
verb
wejʰ-
1118
wezh-o
cart, wagon
noun
wejʰ-o-
GI
wi
twice
numeral
wi-
1176
wich
household; village
noun
uic-
1131
wichimti
20
numeral
wi-cMt-í (wícMti1)
1177
wichimti-oyno
21
numeral
widheu
widow
noun
widʰewa: (widʰeu-)
1127
wiis
power
noun
wís- (wihs)
1123
wiis-wo
powerful
adjective
wís- (wihs)
1123
wiks
mistletoe
noun
wiks-
GI
wilkwos
wolf
noun
wLkʷos
1178
wilna
wool
noun
wL-na:-
1139
wilp
wolf
noun
wLp-
GI
wir
people
noun
wir
GI
wirmo
worm
noun
wRmi- ~ wRmo-
GI
wiro
man
noun
wiro-s (uihro-)
1177
wirsen
male
adjective
wRsen-
81
wobsa
wasp
noun
wobʰsaa-
GI
wodir
water
noun
wedo:r (wodR)
78
woghwoni
plow
verb
wogʰʷoni-
GI
woid-
know, understand
verb
woid-
1125
wos
2p(o)
pronoun
wos-
513
wos-
buy, sell
verb
we/os-(n-)
GI

Y

yaa-
ride, travel; journey
verb
yah-
GI
yaam
already
adverb
ya:m
285
yeek-
do
verb
ye:k-
502
yeek-
treat, cure
verb
yehk- ~ yHk-
GI
yeg
cold, ice
noun
yeg-
503
yekwir/n-
liver
noun
yekʷ-R
504
yeniter
husbandʰs brother’s wife
noun
(y)enHter-
GI
yeu
young
adjective
yeu-
510
yeu-
bind, yoke; wed
verb
yeu-g-
508
yev
elephant; ivory
noun
yebʰ-
GI
yev-
copulate
verb
eibʰ- ~ yebʰ-
GI
yewo
establishment, ritual rule, ritual norm
noun
yewo-
GI
yewo
grain; barley
noun
yewo-
512
yewo
grain; wheat
noun
yewo ((h)ieu-)
512
yewos
law
noun
yewos-
512
yos-
gird (oneself)
verb
(h)ie3s
B
yos-men
belt
noun
yo:s-men- (yo3s-)
513
yu
2p(s)
pronoun
yu- (yuh)
513
yugom
yoke
noun
yukʰom
GI
yuus
(meat) soup, broth
noun
yu:s- (yuhs)
507