User:Cedh audmanh/CBBCRIX

Ronc Tyu text

Ki línc mumbùn nyac. Nyu nrènc, hunc ndzu kein zúc zúc do ruoc runc sáe rae yaon. Trà sru yéi poun poun màc yu ndzì ko, kè wèi kù hru, myòu trae làe o dzó pec tác kàc tè tè léi.

Hunc tò pùn suo sáe o dzó gyè ruzruo ngòc yunc myen nyu láo myéc. Ndzì tsáo ndźei dwá trén tsèi gyào twín yèanc, trén tsèi gyào ndźi lùo lùo zrin trá ndáo tó, o trén tsèi gyào ndźí ndźù pwì pou mba myéc bùn źùn bwí nwa xòac nú myéc.

Translation

English translation of Ronc Tyu text

This moment was very much perfect. Before sunrise, the elders got up and walked to the megalith at the shore of the lake. There was a single cloud high above their village, but apart from that the sky was cold and clear and completely free of clouds.

The elders quietly stood at the shore and looked up to the stars. They were wise and understood why people were sad, why they kept worrying whether things might have a hidden meaning, and why they were trying to find out which star was the brightest one.

English translation of previous text

(Silvish, by Dormouse559)

It was the good moment.
The good men were walking near a house next to the lake.
There was no cloud that morning.
They see some big clouds over their village.
The man stands near the window in order to see the brightest star.
That man, the good man;
they understand their sadness
and for which reason he distracts himself with the brightest star.

Interlinear gloss

Ki

this

línc

SGV\time

mumbùn

INTENS~good

nyac.

win

This moment was very much perfect.

Nyu

see

nrènc,

sunrise

hunc

elders

ndzu

rise

kein

go_from.1

zúc

walk

zúc

walk

do

come_to.3I

ruoc

megalith

runc

beside

sáe

shores

rae

at_edge_of

yaon.

lake

Before sunrise, the elders got up and walked to the megalith at the shore of the lake.

Trà

exist

sru

INDEF.A

yéi

SGV\clouds

poun

above

poun

above

màc

village

yu

of

ndzì

3A.COLL

ko,

barely

There was a single cloud high above their village,

kè

but

wèi

outside

kù

that

hru,

detail

myòu

sky

trae

cold

làe

clear

o

and

dzó

same.A

pec

NEG

tác

hold

kàc

carry

tè

any

tè

any

léi.

clouds

but apart from that the sky was cold and clear and completely free of clouds.

Hunc

elders

tò

silent

pùn

stand

suo

LOC.STAT

sáe

shores

o

and

dzó

same.A

gyè

shift_position

ruzruo

lift

ngòc

eyes

yunc

concentrate

myen

look

nyu

see

láo

watch

myéc.

stars

The elders quietly stood at the shore and looked up to the stars.

Ndzì

3A.COLL

tsáo

wise

ndźei

know

dwá

understand

trén

which.I

tsèi

reason

gyào

REL.I

twín

PL\person

yèanc,

sad

They were wise and understood why people were sad,

trén

which.I

tsèi

reason

gyào

REL.I

ndźi

3A.PL

lùo

worry

lùo

worry

zrin

HYP

trá

Q

ndáo

PL\thing

tó,

significant

why they kept worrying whether things might have a hidden meaning,

o

and

trén

which.I

tsèi

reason

gyào

REL.I

ndźí

3A.PL

ndźù

search

pwì

try

pou

find

mba

SGV

myéc

stars

bùn

REL.A

źùn

shine

bwí

bright

nwa

exceed

xòac

all

nú

other

myéc.

stars

and why they were trying to find out which star was the brightest one.

Vocabulary

word	morphology	type	meaning
bùn		pron	(relative pronoun, animate)
bwí		v.it	be bright
do		v.it+	come, approach (towards 3rd person inanimate)
dwá		v.tr	understand
dzó		pron	the same one (animate)
gyào		pron	(relative pronoun, inanimate)
gyè		v.it	move sideways, shift one's position
hru		n.i	detail, characteristic feature
kàc		v.tr	bear, carry
kè		cj	but, however (used with clauses)
kein		v.it+	depart, leave, go away (from speaker)
ki		det	this, these
ko		adv	only, merely, barely, just, simply
kòun		v.it	move around, go (nowhere in particular), roam, wander
kù		det	that, those
làe		v.it	be calm, be clear, be sunny (of weather)
lánc	SGV línc	n.a.coll	time (SGV: moment, situation)
láo		v.tr	watch, look at
léi	SGV yéi	n.a.coll	clouds
lùo		v.tr	be worried about
màc		n.i.coll	village
mba		qu	(singulative particle)
mbùn		v.it	be good, do well
mumbùn		v.it	be very good, be perfect, do really well
myéc	(no SGV)	n.a.coll	stars
myen		v.it	look (atelic/stative)
myòu		n.a.coll	sky, weather
ndzì		pron	(3rd person animate paucal/collective pronoun)
ndzu		v.it	rise, get up
ndźei		v.tr	know, be acquainted with (cf. French connaître)
ndźí		pron	(3rd person animate plural pronoun)
ndźù		v.tr	search for
ngòc		n.a.coll	eyes
nrènc		n.a.coll	sunrise, daybreak, early morning
nú		det	the other one(s)
nwa		v.tr	exceed, surpass
nyac		v.it	win, be victorious; (when used in a SVC) very
nyu		v.tr	see; (when used as a coverb) before
o		cj	and, also (used with clauses)
pec		v.aux	not, be not
pou		v.tr	find, discover
poun		pp.n	over, above, on top of
pùn		v.it	stand, be upright
pwì		v.tr	try, attempt, strive
rae		pp.n	at the edge of (but still within the relevant area)
runc		pp.n	near, beside, close to
ruoc		n.i	megalith
ruzruo		v.tr	lift, raise (can only be used within SVC)
sáe		n.i.coll	shores (of a river or lake)
sran	COLL hunc	n.a	elder, experienced person (suppletive "plural" takes collective agreement)
sru		det	(indefinite determiner, animate)
suo		pp.v	at, on (static locative)
tác		v.tr	have, hold, own, possess
táo	PL ndáo	n.i	thing, item
tè		qu	any (of many)
tò		v.it	be calm, be silent (of people and animals)
trá		adv	(question particle, used with VS word order)
trà		v.it	exist (used with VS word order)
trae		v.it	be cold (of weather)
trén		det	which? (interrogative inanimate)
tsáo		v.it	be wise
tsèi		n.i	reason, explanation, motivation
tsyún	PL twín	n.a	person
wèi		pp.n	outside of; apart from; without
xòac		qu	the entirety of, all (of a collection)
yaon		n.a	lake
yèanc		v.it	be sad
yu		pp.n	of, belonging to, associated with
yunc		v.it	be awake, be alert, pay attention, concentrate
zrin		cj	(complementizer, hypothetical; indicates speculative information)
zúc		v.it	walk
źùn		v.it	shine, glow

Grammar notes

Nouns

• Nouns can be animate or inanimate, countable or collective, and optionally or obligatorily possessed.
• Countable nouns refer to single entities, and may inflect for plural number. Plural forms which occur in this text are given in the wordlist.
• Collective nouns refer to a collection of items by default, and may inflect for singulative number if only one single member of the collection is referenced. Singulative forms which occur in this text are given in the wordlist. A few collective nouns form their singulatives periphrastically with a separate particle.
• Obligatorily possessed nouns must be followed immediately by their possessor, without any explicit marking. Optionally possessed nouns form possessive phrases with a preposition.

Pronouns and Determiners

• Pronouns make more number distinctions than nouns, having dedicated forms also for dual, paucal, and collective referents.
• Non-numeral quantifiers may be reduplicated for an intensified meaning, e.g. ni "many" > ni ni "a really large number of".

Prepositions

• Ronc Tyu distinguishes between two types of prepositions: Adnominal prepositions (pp.n) refer only to noun phrases (e.g. "the tree on the hill"), whereas adverbial prepositions (pp.v) always refer to the clause (e.g. "I'm standing on the hill"). Adnominal prepositions may be nested within an adverbial prepositional phrase.
• Adnominal prepositions may be reduplicated for an intensified meaning, e.g. runc "near, beside" > runc runc "very close to".

Verbs

• Verbs inflect for passive voice and for the attributive (a kind of participle, which makes up for the fact that Ronc Tyu does not have a lexical class of adjectives). However, there are no passive or attributive verb forms in this text.
• Reduplicating a verb root indicates habitual, iterative, or continuative aspect.

Syntax

• The basic word order is SVO, with occasional exceptions (for example, there's VS(O) in existential statements and passive sentences).
• Phrases are typically head-initial, with modifiers following their heads.
• Ronc Tyu frequently uses serial verb constructions (SVC) consisting of two or more verbs to describe complex actions and situations, with the component verbs typically appearing in the chronological order of subevents. Some common collocations have a slightly idiomatic meaning, but all SVC in this text should be fairly transparent.
• Some types of SVC can also serve a grammatical purpose, for example describing cause-event relationships or adding modal or aspectual information.
• Most SVC have the shape NP₁ V V (V) (NP₂), with all verbs sharing the same subject NP₁ (and, where relevant, the same object NP₂).
• Another type of SVC has the shape NP₁ V (V) NP₂ V (V) (NP₃), where the middle noun phrase NP₂ simultaneously functions as the object of the verb(s) before it and as the subject of the verb(s) after it.
• Certain verbs can also be used as coverbs, functioning in a way similar to adpositions or conjunctions, introducing oblique arguments or subclauses.
• Polar indirect questions and polar interrogative content clauses are formed as a normal polar yes-no-question within a complement clause.
• Adverbial indirect questions and adverbial interrogative content clauses are formed using a combination of a special interrogative determiner plus a relative clause.
• A few words lexically require unusual syntactic constructions; this has been noted in the wordlist where relevant.

Links

A more elaborate grammatical description of Ronc Tyu can be found at http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ronc_Tyu