User:Cedh audmanh/CBBCRIX

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Ronc Tyu text

Ki línc mumbùn nyac. Nyu nrènc, hunc ndzu kein zúc zúc do ruoc runc sáe rae yaon. Trà sru yéi poun poun màc yu ndzì ko, kè wèi kù hru, myòu trae làe o dzó pec tác kàc tè tè léi.

Hunc tò pùn suo sáe o dzó gyè ruzruo ngòc yunc myen nyu láo myéc. Ndzì tsáo ndźei dwá trén tsèi gyào twín yèanc, trén tsèi gyào ndźi lùo lùo zrin trá ndáo tó, o trén tsèi gyào ndźí ndźù pwì pou mba myéc bùn źùn bwí nwa xòac nú myéc.

Translation

English translation of Ronc Tyu text

This moment was very much perfect. Before sunrise, the elders got up and walked to the megalith at the shore of the lake. There was a single cloud high above their village, but apart from that the sky was cold and clear and completely free of clouds.

The elders quietly stood at the shore and looked up to the stars. They were wise and understood why people were sad, why they kept worrying whether things might have a hidden meaning, and why they were trying to find out which star was the brightest one.

English translation of previous text

(Silvish, by Dormouse559)

It was the good moment.
The good men were walking near a house next to the lake.
There was no cloud that morning.
They see some big clouds over their village.
The man stands near the window in order to see the brightest star.
That man, the good man;
they understand their sadness
and for which reason he distracts himself with the brightest star.

Interlinear gloss

Ki
this
línc
SGV\time
mumbùn
INTENS~good
nyac.
win
This moment was very much perfect.
Nyu
see
nrènc,
sunrise
hunc
elders
ndzu
rise
kein
go_from.1
zúc
walk
zúc
walk
do
come_to.3I
ruoc
megalith
runc
beside
sáe
shores
rae
at_edge_of
yaon.
lake
Before sunrise, the elders got up and walked to the megalith at the shore of the lake.
Trà
exist
sru
INDEF.A
yéi
SGV\clouds
poun
above
poun
above
màc
village
yu
of
ndzì
3A.COLL
ko,
barely
There was a single cloud high above their village,
but
wèi
outside
that
hru,
detail
myòu
sky
trae
cold
làe
clear
o
and
dzó
same.A
pec
NEG
tác
hold
kàc
carry
any
any
léi.
clouds
but apart from that the sky was cold and clear and completely free of clouds.
Hunc
elders
silent
pùn
stand
suo
LOC.STAT
sáe
shores
o
and
dzó
same.A
gyè
shift_position
ruzruo
lift
ngòc
eyes
yunc
concentrate
myen
look
nyu
see
láo
watch
myéc.
stars
The elders quietly stood at the shore and looked up to the stars.
Ndzì
3A.COLL
tsáo
wise
ndźei
know
dwá
understand
trén
which.I
tsèi
reason
gyào
REL.I
twín
PL\person
yèanc,
sad
They were wise and understood why people were sad,
trén
which.I
tsèi
reason
gyào
REL.I
ndźi
3A.PL
lùo
worry
lùo
worry
zrin
HYP
trá
Q
ndáo
PL\thing
tó,
significant
why they kept worrying whether things might have a hidden meaning,
o
and
trén
which.I
tsèi
reason
gyào
REL.I
ndźí
3A.PL
ndźù
search
pwì
try
pou
find
mba
SGV
myéc
stars
bùn
REL.A
źùn
shine
bwí
bright
nwa
exceed
xòac
all.COLL
other
myéc.
stars
and why they were trying to find out which star was the brightest one.


Vocabulary

word morphology type meaning
bùn pron (relative pronoun, animate)
bwí v.it be bright
do v.it+ come, approach (towards 3rd person inanimate)
dwá v.tr understand
dzó pron the same one (animate)
gyào pron (relative pronoun, inanimate)
gyè v.it move sideways, shift one's position
hru n.i detail, characteristic feature
kàc v.tr bear, carry
cj but, however (used with clauses)
kein v.it+ depart, leave, go away (from speaker)
ki det this, these
ko adv only, merely, barely, just, simply
kòun v.it move around, go (nowhere in particular), roam, wander
det that, those
làe v.it be calm, be clear, be sunny (of weather)
lánc SGV línc n.a.coll time (SGV: moment, situation)
láo v.tr watch, look at
léi SGV yéi n.a.coll clouds
lùo v.tr be worried about
màc n.i.coll village
mba qu (singulative particle)
mbùn v.it be good, do well
mumbùn v.it be very good, be perfect, do really well
myéc (no SGV) n.a.coll stars
myen v.it look (atelic/stative)
myòu n.a.coll sky, weather
ndzì pron (3rd person animate paucal/collective pronoun)
ndzu v.it rise, get up
ndźei v.tr know, be acquainted with (cf. French connaître)
ndźí pron (3rd person animate plural pronoun)
ndźù v.tr search for
ngòc n.a.coll eyes
nrènc n.a.coll sunrise, daybreak, early morning
det the other one(s)
nwa v.tr exceed, surpass
nyac v.it win, be victorious; (when used in a SVC) very
nyu v.tr see; (when used as a coverb) before
o cj and, also (used with clauses)
pec v.aux not, be not
pou v.tr find, discover
poun pp.n over, above, on top of
pùn v.it stand, be upright
pwì v.tr try, attempt, strive
rae pp.n at the edge of (but still within the relevant area)
runc pp.n near, beside, close to
ruoc n.i megalith
ruzruo v.tr lift, raise (can only be used within SVC)
sáe n.i.coll shores (of a river or lake)
sran COLL hunc n.a elder, experienced person (suppletive "plural" takes collective agreement)
sru det (indefinite determiner, animate)
suo pp.v at, on (static locative)
tác v.tr have, hold, own, possess
táo PL ndáo n.i thing, item
qu any (of many)
v.it be calm, be silent (of people and animals)
trá adv (question particle, used with VS word order)
trà v.it exist (used with VS word order)
trae v.it be cold (of weather)
trén det which? (interrogative inanimate)
tsáo v.it be wise
tsèi n.i reason, explanation, motivation
tsyún PL twín n.a person
wèi pp.n outside of; apart from; without
xòac qu the entirety of, all (of a collection)
yaon n.a lake
yèanc v.it be sad
yu pp.n of, belonging to, associated with
yunc v.it be awake, be alert, pay attention, concentrate
zrin cj (complementizer, hypothetical; indicates speculative information)
zúc v.it walk
źùn v.it shine, glow


Grammar notes

Nouns

  • Nouns can be animate or inanimate, countable or collective, and optionally or obligatorily possessed.
  • Countable nouns refer to single entities, and may inflect for plural number. Plural forms which occur in this text are given in the wordlist.
  • Collective nouns refer to a collection of items by default, and may inflect for singulative number if only one single member of the collection is referenced. Singulative forms which occur in this text are given in the wordlist. A few collective nouns form their singulatives periphrastically with a separate particle.
  • Obligatorily possessed nouns must be followed immediately by their possessor, without any explicit marking. Optionally possessed nouns form possessive phrases with a preposition.


Pronouns and Determiners

  • Pronouns make more number distinctions than nouns, having dedicated forms also for dual, paucal, and collective referents.
  • Non-numeral quantifiers may be reduplicated for an intensified meaning, e.g. ni "many" > ni ni "a really large number of".


Prepositions

  • Ronc Tyu distinguishes between two types of prepositions: Adnominal prepositions (pp.n) refer only to noun phrases (e.g. "the tree on the hill"), whereas adverbial prepositions (pp.v) always refer to the clause (e.g. "I'm standing on the hill"). Adnominal prepositions may be nested within an adverbial prepositional phrase.
  • Adnominal prepositions may be reduplicated for an intensified meaning, e.g. runc "near, beside" > runc runc "very close to".


Verbs

  • Verbs inflect for passive voice and for the attributive (a kind of participle, which makes up for the fact that Ronc Tyu does not have a lexical class of adjectives). However, there are no passive or attributive verb forms in this text.
  • Reduplicating a verb root indicates habitual, iterative, or continuative aspect.


Syntax

  • The basic word order is SVO, with occasional exceptions (for example, there's VS(O) in existential statements and passive sentences).
  • Phrases are typically head-initial, with modifiers following their heads.
  • Ronc Tyu frequently uses serial verb constructions (SVC) consisting of two or more verbs to describe complex actions and situations, with the component verbs typically appearing in the chronological order of subevents. Some common collocations have a slightly idiomatic meaning, but all SVC in this text should be fairly transparent.
  • Some types of SVC can also serve a grammatical purpose, for example describing cause-event relationships or adding modal or aspectual information.
  • Most SVC have the shape NP₁ V V (V) (NP₂), with all verbs sharing the same subject NP₁ (and, where relevant, the same object NP₂).
  • Another type of SVC has the shape NP₁ V (V) NP₂ V (V) (NP₃), where the middle noun phrase NP₂ simultaneously functions as the object of the verb(s) before it and as the subject of the verb(s) after it.
  • Certain verbs can also be used as coverbs, functioning in a way similar to adpositions or conjunctions, introducing oblique arguments or subclauses.
  • Polar indirect questions and polar interrogative content clauses are formed as a normal polar yes-no-question within a complement clause.
  • Adverbial indirect questions and adverbial interrogative content clauses are formed using a combination of a special interrogative determiner plus a relative clause.
  • A few words lexically require unusual syntactic constructions; this has been noted in the wordlist where relevant.


Links

A more elaborate grammatical description of Ronc Tyu can be found at http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ronc_Tyu