User:Masako/pataka
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A short primer for Kala grammar. The full grammar can be found here:
Word order
SUBJECT - OBJECT - VERB
- naka ke mita itsa
- woman O dog love
- The woman loves the dog.
Kala lacks morphological adjectives and instead uses attributive verbs.
- ke tsaka taha
- O house be.big
- The big house / The house is big
Adverbs tend to precede the verb phrase they modify.
- tsumun nam yokone
- cautious-ADV 1pl swim-SUG
- We should swim cautiously.
Kala lacks morphological prepositions and instead uses locational and relational verbs.
- mita ke yempa tahe
- dog O table be.under
- The dog is under the table.
Nouns
Nouns are marked for number; plural and collective:
- mita - dog - a dog
- mitam - dog-PL - dogs
- tlimita - COL-dog - a dog pack / a pack of dogs
- tlimitam - COL-dog-PL - dog packs / packs of dogs
When the final syllable of a word contains an m, mp, and sometimes a p the plural marking changes to -lo.
- yama - mountain - a mountain
- yamalo - mountain-PL - mountains
- tliyama - COL-mountain - a mountain range / range of mountains
- tliyamalo - COL-mountain-PL - mountain ranges / ranges of mountains
Gender is not normally marked but can be with the endings -na and -ta to mark the feminine and masculine, respectively.
- uma - horse - a horse
- umana - horse-FEM - mare
- umata - horse-MASC - stallion