Senjecas - List of Conjunctions

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	ṁ	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	õ	o	u			ï	ë	ÿ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Coordinating conjunctions

• 1. da connects two clauses or sentences: and.

nu nu-se̋dom áfa e-e̋e̋ga da te̋rom e-vı̋da:

She got up from her chair and left the room.

• 2. ésti denotes in spite of what preceded: but, however, yet, although, nevertheless, on the other hand

mu mum tum że̋e̋nu e-na̋ma. ésti mu műnu e-vűa:

I thought I knew you, yet I was wrong.

• 3. éti denotes in addition to: plus, and in addition to, as well as.

ande̋ru ṡa̋bom éti suumnı̋zom e-sa̋a:

In addition to the hat, the lady bought an umbrella.

• 4. -ṁe denotes two alternatives, either of which could be true: or.

ma̋a̋ma dőrk̬o táádi ṁúm do alvëða̋a̋nomṁe k̬a̋zomṁe u-tőƣa:

Mother will bring us barley bread or wheat bread for supper.

• 5. ṁo denotes a situation in which there are only two alternatives: or, or else.

mum sűne ṁo ɠa̋le:

Go with me or stay.

• 6. néṁo denotes negative alternative: or not.

tu mum sűno néṁo:

You may go with me or not.

• 7. ƥűvi denotes a consequence; so-, (such-, -that).

kétu me̋e̋' a̋han e-sűűṁa. ƥűvi pa̋ðo e-ne̋va:

It rained so many days that the dam burst.

• 8. þóósi denotes on the contrary: but (rather).

le̋e̋gu e-tőpa. þóósi kétu xa̋lo e-e̋sa:

The doctor arrived but it was too late.

Subordinating conjunctions

• 9. ávi denotes at the moment when: as soon as.

ávi ha̋ṁaþu ı̋la. nőmom e-vïvı̋da:

He had left home as soon as he was called.

• 10. ébi denotes possibility: in case, in the event that, if

ébi sűűṁo. ṁus nómþi u-ɠa̋a̋la:

If it rains, we'll stay home.

• 11. épi denotes in the same way that: as, so, in like manner, the way; in the capacity of.

épi e̋e̋vlu e̋e̋va. mu nom u-kı̋a:

I will do it as the commander has ordered.

• 12. fési denotes up to the time that: before, until, ere.

fési ṁu-le̋ðom e-tőpa. ðűűo ǧa̋rom éva mę̋e sűűṁem e-pa̋usa:

Before (ere) it reached our valley the storm dumped a lot of rain on the mountain.

• 13. hi denotes by or for the cause that: because, as, for, since, now that, given that.

hi la̋a̋ta ááþvi tőpa. ṁus bázvi na̋a̋nu ke̋la:

We must return early since (because, as, for, given that) night falls quickly.

• 14. k̨ára denotes in the circumstance(s) that: if, provided that, on the condition that, whether, as long as [with sbj.].

k̨ára mum e-sűno. vïva̋dos e̋so:

It would be better if (provided that, as long as) you went with me.

• 15. láṡ̬i denotes in a manner suggesting: as if, as though, like [with sbj.].

láṡ̬i tűmu síra vűo. mől̨u kı̋a:

The miller acts as if he were about to sneeze.

• 16. méi denotes varying through time in the same proportion that: as.

méi ðűűo e-ȝőba. mu ziþa̋sa:

I began to worry as the storm approached.

• 17. metáádi denotes for fear that: lest, so that...not [with sbj.].

metáádi nu-nőbon va̋no. nu bu a̋tu ke̋la:

He should go outside for a moment lest (so that) he (not) damage his lungs.

• 18. méti denotes at such time as: when, at the same time-, -that, -as, at the time that, at the time(s) at which, whenever, while, during the time at which, as, as-, -long-, -soon-, -as.

méti ṁus num tűmu e-a̋ṁa. étu tőnom e-a̋ṁa:

When we heard him sneeze, we also heard the thunder.

• 19. móódi denotes in such or which way: how

móódi mu dőþom de̋xu ma̋a̋ƣa. sa̋a̋ra:

I know how I can get some money.

• 20. nóóli denotes to such an extent: insofar as, inasmuch as, in that.

nóóli ṁı̋ru kőuku e-e̋sa. ṁun e-þőna:

Inasmuch as the man was a cripple, he helped us.

• 21. ópi introduces an indirect question: whether

ópi atı̋ı̋ha. mu sa̋a̋ra ne:

I do not know whether I want to go.

• 22. pósi denotes that an action takes place after another action: after.

pósi sűűṁe u-de̋usa. tu le̋idu tááda vı̋do:

You may go out to play after the rain stops.

• 24. sáámi denotes a concession: though, although, while, notwithstanding, even-, -if, -though, albeit.

sáámi sűűṁe fésvi nıme̋e̋' a̋han e-de̋usa. kı̋lrus éstu ǧarfǫ̋lan na̋a̋a:

Although the rain stopped several days ago, the [Lithan] villagers still fear landslides.

• 25. sííri denotes up to a certain time or place: as far/much/ many as, until.

sííri da̋a̋es e-þ̨a̋la. sűűṁu e-seere̋la:

It rained and rained until the rivers overflowed.

• 26. síti denotes as example: as, such as, for example, by way of.

síti ṁus fésu nïna̋ka neánu. ǧa̋lam ga̋uða:

We are experiencing a drought such as we’ve never seen before.

• 27. sómi denotes a comparison: like; than [when comparing sentences].

sómi num. mu gáámu tum ka̋a:

I like you more than (I like) her.

sómi nu tum ka̋a. mu gáámu tum ka̋a:

I like you more than she does (likes you).

• 28. ši denotes an exception to a previous statement: except (that), but (that), were it not that.

ši mu-mőre nïne̋ṡa. mu me̋xam vı̋do:

I would leave the country but (that) (except that, were it not that) my horse has died.

• 29. táádi denotes purpose: so that, in order that [with sbj.].

táádi mu ta̋ƣom tődo. fúnen sa' u-ke̋la:

I will have to buy another so that I may start the journey.

• 30. toáári denotes in a certain case: then [apodosis]

ébi mu fúnen sa̋o. toáári taƣe̋dom sa̋' u-ke̋la:

If I buy another, (then) I will have to buy provisions.

• 31. vái denotes at or in which place or situation: where.

vái mu-ta̋a̋zlos e-ðe̋e̋a. mu ṁÿṁűna:

I have forgotten where I put my keys.

Correlative conjunctions

• 32. épi ...épi... denotes a comparison of the same way or like manner: as...so....

épi t’ u-se̋e̋a. épi t’ u-me̋e̋þa:

As you sow, so shall you reap.

• 33. -k̬e...-k̬e connects two words: and.

nu' sa̋xomk̬e ka̋komk̬e k̬a̋zomk̬e tőƣu móóda u-aðne̋ma:

They will contribute by bringing beer, chicken and bread.

• 34. ṁo... ṁo... denotes a situation in which there are only two alternatives: either...or.

tu ṁo tu-dőrk̬om ávi u-e̋da ṁo u-de̋e̋a:

You will either eat your dinner right now or you will go to bed.

• 35. nék̬e...nék̬e denotes the negative of either; neither... nor.

nék̬e se̋sos nék̬e gűno bőþam ápa sőþlum e-sűka:

Neither threats nor torture turned the soldier from his duty.

• 36. ne sólvi... þóósi étu, not only...but also.

ne sólvi gőbu vűa. þóósi étu ƣosa̋a̋ru vűa:

Not only is he handsome, (but) he is also brilliant.

• 37. ópi...ópi... denotes multiple alternative possibilities; whether...or.

ébi tu ɠa̋a̋la. ébi a̋ta tu-re̋ko e̋sa:

Whether you stay or go is your decision.

• 38. sómi...sómi..., (just) as...so.

sóm’ iðr̨őnus ṁõðga̋þon żűsa. sómi aaþ̨őnusë s̨oofga̋þon żűsa:

Just as Ethrans love rosehips, so Pyrans love sloe berries.

• 39. vóói...vóói... denotes including two alternatives; both...and...

vóói sőþlus vóói kőővus me̋bom do u-ǧe̋ma:

Both the soldiers and the nobles will come to the dance.