Senjecas - List of Conjunctions

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	ɱ	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			c	ᵶ	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ᵹ	h	ȝ			š	ṡ			i	e	a	ɵ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̊/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Coordinating conjunctions

• 1. da connects two clauses or sentences: and.

nu nu-se̋dom áfa e-ę̋ga da te̋rom e-vı̋da:

She got up from her chair and left the room.

• 2. ésti denotes in spite of what preceded: but, however, yet, although, nevertheless, on the other hand

mu mum tum ᵶę̋nu e-na̋ma. ésti mu műnu e-vűa:

I thought I knew you, yet I was wrong.

• 3. éti denotes in addition to: plus, and in addition to, as well as.

ande̋ru ca̋bom éti sųmnı̨̋zom e-sa̋a:

In addition to the hat, the lady bought an umbrella.

• 4. -ɱe denotes two alternatives, either of which could be true: or.

mą̋ma dőrküo tą́di ɱúm do alvɛðą̋nomɱe küa̋zomɱe u-tőᵹa:

Mother will bring us barley bread or wheat bread for supper.

• 5. ɱo denotes a situation in which there are only two alternatives: or, or else.

mum sűne ɱo gÿa̋le:

Go with me or stay.

• 6. néɱo denotes negative alternative: or not.

tu mum sűno néɱo:

You may go with me or not.

• 7. pÿűvi denotes a consequence; so-, (such-, -that).

kétu mę̋’ a̋han e-sų̋ɱa. pÿűvi pa̋ðo e-ne̋va:

It rained so many days that the dam burst.

• 8. þǫ́si denotes on the contrary: but (rather).

lę̋gu e-tőpa. þǫ́si kétu xa̋lo e-e̋sa:

The doctor arrived but it was too late.

Subordinating conjunctions

• 9. ávi denotes at the moment when: as soon as.

ávi ha̋ɱaþu ı̋la. nőmom e-vıvı̋da:

He had left home as soon as he was called.

• 10. ébi denotes possibility: in case, in the event that, if

ébi sų̋ɱo. ɱus nómþi u-gÿą̋la:

If it rains, we'll stay home.

• 11. épi denotes in the same way that: as, so, in like manner, the way; in the capacity of.

épi ę̋vlu ę̋va. mu nom u-kı̋a:

I will do it as the commander has ordered.

• 12. fési denotes up to the time that: before, until, ere.

fési ɱúm le̋ðom e-tőpa. ðų̋o güa̋rom éva mę̋e sų̋ɱem e-pa̋usa:

Before (ere) it reached our valley the storm dumped a lot of rain on the mountain.

• 13. hi denotes by or for the cause that: because, as, for, since, now that, given that.

hi lą̋ta ą́þvi tőpa. ɱus bázvi ną̋nu ke̋la:

We must return early since (because, as, for, given that) night falls quickly.

• 14. kÿára denotes in the circumstance(s) that: if, provided that, on the condition that, whether, as long as [with sbj.].

kÿára mum e-sűno. vıva̋dos e̋so:

It would be better if (provided that, as long as) you went with me.

• 15. lácüi denotes in a manner suggesting: as if, as though, like [with sbj.].

láči tűmu síra vűo. mől̨u kı̋a:

The miller acts as if he were about to sneeze.

• 16. méi denotes varying through time in the same proportion that: as.

méi ðűo e-ȝőba. mu ziþa̋sa:

I began to worry as the storm approached.

• 17. metą́di denotes for fear that: lest, so that...not [with sbj.].

metą́di nu-nőbon va̋no. nu bu a̋tu ke̋la:

He should go outside for a moment lest (so that) he (not) damage his lungs.

• 18. méti denotes at such time as: when, at the same time-, -that, -as, at the time that, at the time(s) at which, whenever, while, during the time at which, as, as-, -long-, -soon-, -as.

méti num tűma e-a̋ɱa. ɱus étu tőnom e-a̋ɱa:

When we heard him sneeze, we also heard the thunder.

• 19. mǫ́di denotes in such or which way: how

mǫ́di mu dőþom de̋xu mą̋ᵹa. są̋ra:

I know how I can get some money.

• 20. nǫ́li denotes to such an extent: insofar as, inasmuch as, in that.

nǫ́li ɱı̋ru kőuku e-e̋sa. ɱun e-þőna:

Inasmuch as the man was a cripple, he helped us.

• 21. ópi introduces an indirect question : whether

ópi atı̨̋ha. mu są̋ra ne:

I do not know whether I want to go.

• 22. pósi denotes that an action takes place after another action: after.

pósi sų̋ɱe u-de̋usa. tu le̋idu tą́da vı̋do:

You may go out to play after the rain stops.

• 24. są́mi denotes a concession: though, although, while, notwithstanding, even-, -if, -though, albeit.

są́mi sų̋ɱe fésvi nımę̋' a̋han e-de̋usa. kı̋lrus éstu güarfǫ̋lan ną̋a:

Although the rain stopped several days ago, the [Lithan] villagers still fear landslides.

• 25. sį́ri denotes up to a certain time or place: as far/much/ many as, until.

sį́ri dą̋es e-þ̇a̋la. sų̋ɱu e-sę̋ra:

It rained and rained until the rivers overflowed.

• 26. síti denotes as example: as, such as, for example, by way of.

síti ɱus fésu nına̋ka neánu. güa̋lam ga̋uða:

We are experiencing a drought such as we’ve never seen before.

• 27. sómi denotes a comparison: like; than [when comparing sentences].

sómi num. mu gą́mu tum ka̋a:

I like you more than (I like) her.

sómi nu tum ka̋a. mu gą́mu tum ka̋a:

I like you more than she does (likes you).

• 28. süi denotes an exception to a previous statement: except (that), but (that), were it not that.

süi mu-mőre nınẽca. mu me̋xam vı̋do:

I would leave the country but (that) (except that, were it not that) my horse has died.

• 29. tą́di denotes purpose: so that, in order that [with sbj.].

tą́di mu ta̋ᵹom tődo. fúnen sa' u-ke̋la:

I will have to buy another so that I may start the journey.

• 30. toą́ri denotes in a certain case: then [apodosis]

toą́ri taᵹe̋dom sa̋' u-ke̋la. da mu fúnen sa̋o:

If I buy another, (then) I will have to buy provisions.

• 31. vái denotes at or in which place or situation: where.

vái mu-tą̋zlos e-ðę̋a. mu ɱyɱűna:

I have forgotten where I put my keys.

Correlative conjunctions

• 32. épi ...épi... denotes a comparison of the same way or like manner: as...so....

épi t’ u-sę̋a. épi t’ u-mę̋þa:

As you sow, so shall you reap.

• 33. -küe...-küe connects two words: and.

nu' sa̋xomküe ka̋komküe küa̋zomküe tőᵹu mǫ́da u-aðne̋ma:

They will contribute by bringing beer, chicken and bread.

• 34. ɱo... ɱo... denotes a situation in which there are only two alternatives: either...or.tu

ɱo tús dőrküom ávi u-e̋da ɱo u-dę̋a:

You will either eat your dinner right now or you will go to bed.

• 35. néküe...néküe denotes the negative of either; neither... nor.

néküe se̋sos néküe gűno bőþam ápa sőþlum e-sűka:

Neither threats nor torture turned the soldier from his duty.

• 36. ne sólvi... þǫ́s' étu, not only...but also.

ne sólvi gőbu vűa. þǫ́s' étu ᵹǫsą̋ru vűa:

Not only is he handsome, (but) he is also brilliant.

• 37. ópi...ópi... denotes multiple alternative possibilities; whether...or.

ébi tu gÿą̋la. ébi a̋ta tús re̋ko e̋sa:

Whether you stay or go is your decision.

• 38. sómi...sómi..., just as...so.

sóm’ iðrÿőnus ɱɵðga̋þon ᵶűsa. sómi ąþÿőnusɛ sÿǫfga̋þon ᵶűsa:

Just as Ethrans love rosehips, so Pyrans love sloe berries.

• 39. vǫ́i...vǫ́i... denotes including two alternatives; both...and...

vǫ́i sőþlus vǫ́i kǫ̋vus me̋bom do u-güe̋ma:

Both the soldiers and the nobles will come to the dance.