Proto-Uralic/distribution

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Word roots ordered by their distribution

Ṃissing in 0-1 branches
Found in all branches
  • pronouns: *ku- "who", *me- "1PP", *mi- "what", *minä "1PS", *to "that"
  • basic verbs: *elä- ¹ "to live", *kaĺa- "to disappear", *ńalə- "to lick", *ńälə- "to swallow", *puna- "to plait", *ujə- "to swim"
  • body parts: *künčə ² "nail", *mëksa "liver", *sënə "vein", *sülə "bosom", *śilmä "eye", *śɜðäm(ə) "heart"
  • other nouns: *ëla "low", *ńëlə "arrow", *nimə "name", *pälä ³ "half", *pesä "nest", *purkə ⁴ "blizzard", #wäśkä "metal"
  • etc: *kuma- "overturned", #kɜk/ttA "2", #wittə "5"
  1. Mo. *eŕa- irregular
  2. Smy. *kəčä irregular
  3. S. *pealē irregular
  4. Hu. forr "to boil" questionable
Found everywhere except Samoyedic
  • numerals: #kormɜ "3", #kuwtə "6", *ńeljä "4", *śëta "100"
  • others: *jäŋə "ice", *jećə ¹ "soul", *kälä- "to wade", *kätə "hand", *keččä ² "ring", *kerə "skin", #kuwlə- "to hear", *tälwə "winter", *sükśə "autumn", *wäkə "power", *werə "blood", *wɜðɜm "marrow"
¹ K. unclear

² Mo. či "sun" unclear

Found everywhere except Khanty
*lämə "broth"
Found everywhere except Hungarian
*ĺëmə "bird cherry", *wü/ilɜ "upper"
Found everywhere except Permic
*kala "fish", *muna "egg", *śinśä ¹ "inside" ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear
Found everywhere except Mari
*pelə- "to fear", *tulka ¹ "feather", *tu/üĺkA "prod", ¹ F. *sulka?!
Found everywhere except Mordvinic
*kunśə(-) "(to) pee", *menə- "to go", #sɜja "sleeve"¹, *śälə- "to cut" ¹ F. hija unclear
Found everywhere except Finnic
*ipsə/ä- "(to) smell", #sejə "pus" ¹ Mo. unclear
Found everywhere except Samic
*küńä "elbow", *piŋə ¹ "tooth" ¹ Smy. *pəj "flint" unclear
Missing in 2 branches
Finnic Mordvinic Mari Permic Hungarian Mansi Khanty Samoyedic
Samic *kuńa- "to blink" *täwðə "full" (Ma. irreg.) *sewə- "to eat" *pAnə- "to put" *wetə "water" *kiwə "stone"
*sula- "to melt"
Finnic *ëńa "aunt" *këččə "bitter"
*ńërə "cartilage"
*mälkə "breast"
*peljä "ear"
Mordv. *mińä "dtr-in-law"
*pura "bore"
*ëppə "pa-in-law"
*śowə "mouth"
*suxə- "to row"
*sɜnśɜ- "to stand"
*jɜxə- "to drink" *puća- "to squeeze" (Ma. irreg.)
*tärä "root"
Mari *nüðə "handle" (H. irreg.)
*pala "bit"
*enä "big" (P. irreg.)
*jëka- "to divide"
*kälə "tongue"
*mexə- "to sell"
*kulkə- "to go" *ćäŋkə- "to cut" (Mo. irreg.)
#kiśkä- "to rip"
*kulə- "to run out"
*näkə- "to see"
*śëlka "pole"
*ü/ejə "night"
Permic '*kanta- "to carry"
*sala- "to steal"
*śüĺə
"coal"
#wiŋü "son-in-law" (messy!) *pućka "shit" (F. irreg.)
*wëlka- "to leave"
Hung. *ëkta- "to put" *śečä "uncle" #käjä "moth" (S. q:ble)
*śepä "neck"
*śëmə "scales"
*śülkə "spit"
Mansi *kajwa- "to dig" (S. irreg.)
te- "2PP"
*tinä "2PS"
*pilwə "cloud"
Khanty *miŋä "behind"