Wanya
| Wanya | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [ˈwan.ja] |
| Timeline and Universe: | here and now |
| Species: | humans |
| Total speakers: | 1 |
| Writing system: | alphabet |
| Genealogy: | isolate |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order: | SVO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Fenhl |
| Created: | from January 2011 onward |
| Links | |
| CALS | |
Wanya (Wan ya Fenxəl, Wan ya Fenxəl) is a conlang by Fenhl. It serves as his personal language. For example sentences, see the translations on CALS.
Phoneme inventory
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | g | ||||||||||||
| Fricative | β | f | v | ð | s | z | x | ɣ | ʁ | |||||||||
| Approximants | w | ɹ | j | |||||||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | ʎ | ||||||||||||||||
- In syllable codas, [ʃ] replaces [s].
- In syllable codas, [ʒ] replaces [z].
- [β] and [ʙ] are in free variation.
- [ʁ] and [ʀ] are in free variation.
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
| High | i | u | ||||||||
| Near-high | ||||||||||
| High-mid | ɘ | |||||||||
| Mid | ||||||||||
| Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||||||||
| Near-low | ||||||||||
| Low | a | |||||||||
- In diphthongs, [ɪ] replaces [i].
- In stressed syllables, [ɘ] and [e] are in free variation.
- In unstressed syllables, [ɘ] and [ə] are in free variation.
- [a] and [ɐ] are in free variation.
Syllable structure
The structure of Wanya syllables can be described in pseudo-awkwords-code as:
((C)(L)/A)V(V)(N)
with the following parameters:
- C=b/d/g/w/p/t/k/δ/β/v/z/γ/m/n/ŋ/f/s/x
- L=l/λ/ꝛ/r/ɹ/y
- A=pf/bv/ts/dz/kx/gγ
- V=u/a/e/o/i/ə
- N=m/n/ŋ/s/ts/z/dz
This pseudocode does not reflect several details, like the fact that a diphthong may not consist of two instances of the same vowel.
Orthography
Wanya's native script is an alphabet: each phoneme is represented by one of several letters. Normally the language is written in small letters, but the first letter of a name, and the first letter of the first word of the first sentence is a capital one. When a name consists of multiple words in the original language, it is written in PascalCase. Abbreviations are written in all-caps. Consonants have two letters — the capital and small letter — and vowels have four letters — capital and small versions of the standard and diphthong letters. The diphthong letters are only used for the second vowel in a diphthong, e.g. the i in rais would be represented by the small diphthong letter, while the ï in raïs would be represented by the small standard letter. In the table below, the diphthong letters follow the standard letters.
There are two romanizations: the Unicode-based romanization which always has exactly one letter for one sound (or letter in the native script), and the ASCII-friendly romanization which only uses Latin capital and small letters, spaces, and optionally punctuation marks. Here they are in comparison:
If you do not have the Wanya font installed, you will see a copy of the Unicode romanization instead of the alphabet.
| Phoneme | Alphabet | Unicode-based | ASCII-friendly | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | d | ɡ | Б | b | D | d | G | g | Б | b | D | d | G | g | B | b | D | d | G | g |
| w | ɹ | j | W | w | Я | ɹ | Y | y | W | w | Я | ɹ | Y | y | W | w | Ll | ll | J | j |
| p | t | k | P | p | T | t | K | k | P | p | T | t | K | k | P | p | T | t | K | k |
| ð | l | ʎ | Δ | δ | L | l | Λ | λ | Δ | δ | L | l | Λ | λ | Dd | dd | L | l | Y | y |
| i | ɘ | u | II | ii | ƎƎ | əə | UU | uu | I | i | Ǝ | ə | U | u | I | i | X | x | U | u |
| β | r | ʁ | B | β | R | r | Ꝛ | ꝛ | B | β | R | r | Ꝛ | ꝛ | Bb | bb | Rr | rr | R | r |
| v | z | ɣ | V | v | Z | z | Γ | γ | V | v | Z | z | Γ | γ | V | v | Z | z | Gg | gg |
| m | n | ŋ | M | m | N | n | Ŋ | ŋ | M | m | N | n | Ŋ | ŋ | M | m | N | n | Nn | nn |
| f | s | x | F | f | S | s | X | x | F | f | S | s | X | x | F | f | S | s | Kk | kk |
| ɛ | a | ɔ | EE | ee | AA | aa | OO | oo | E | e | A | a | O | o | E | e | A | a | O | o |
The Unicode-based romanization uses the diaeresis to indicate a vowel cluster, for example:
- rais [raɪʃ]
- raïs [ra.iʃ]
- kuäi [ku.aɪ]
- kuaï [kua.i]
- kuäï [ku.a.i]
Each example could theoretically be a different word. Kuai cannot be a Wanya word since triphthongs are not allowed.
Since the native alphabet doesn't use any punctuation marks, they are optional in the romanizations.
This article only uses the Unicode-based romanization, not the ASCII-friendly one.
Grammar
- The basic sentence structure is SVO.
- The subject is left out when the verb is in the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. (Unlike Spanish, not leaving the subject out for emphasis is very bad style.) Conversely, the 4th person requires the subject to be explicitly mentioned.
- the definition of a verb includes a list of thematic relation slots. Similarly to Lojban, objects listed after the verb are assumed to have the thematic relation of their respective slots. In order to leave a single slot empty, insert the null object ŋi ŋi. For two or three empty slots, use ŋiŋi ŋiŋi or ŋisti ŋisti, respectively.
- There is no number marking on nouns or verbs, i.e. no distinction between singular and plural.
Verbs
In Wanya there are two types of verbs which are inflected differently from each other. There are vowel verbs, whose stems end on a vowel, and consonant verbs. Wanya also has irregular verbs: their stem ends on a vowel, but they are inflected like consonant verbs.
The infinite suffix is -nda for vowel verbs, and -onda for consonant verbs.
Verbs are inflected according to tense (present, future, past), modality (indicative, interrogative, imperative, declarative), and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th). If you count the two verb classes and the infinite forms in, that makes 98 different verb suffixes:
| vv. | indicative | interrogative | imperatove | declarative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | 1 | λen | xiβ | t | |
| 2 | s | y | γa | ts | |
| 3 | ko | λ | γə | ŋa | |
| 4 | λa | x | t | ||
| future | 1 | lu | δu | mu | zu |
| 2 | te | d | mes | dz | |
| 3 | ɹa | dam | ŋu | zi | |
| 4 | l | t | mu | ze | |
| past | 1 | do | gom | xud | β |
| 2 | nə | gə | ꝛə | bəs | |
| 3 | ra | γa | lom | βa | |
| 4 | d | ku | m | b | |
| vc. | indicative | interrogative | imperatove | declarative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | 1 | u | ana | au | uvu |
| 2 | es | ais | ab | uves | |
| 3 | o | em | ou | uvo | |
| 4 | a | al | au | uf | |
| future | 1 | ui | iyak | umo | uï |
| 2 | əi | ian | əmo | us | |
| 3 | oi | iŋo | om | uyə | |
| 4 | ai | i | ə | uz | |
| past | 1 | ayat | ax | axud | abem |
| 2 | ət | əx | əxe | əb | |
| 3 | ot | ol | olom | oβ | |
| 4 | at | e | am | əb | |
Adjectives
Adjectives are "augmented" by inserting one of the following infixes directly before the nucleus of the adjective's last syllable:
- iX — definitely
- ist — very
- ifaX — extremely
(where X is the first syllable's onset)
For example, with the adjective fis fis (happy), it would be fis, fifis fifis, fistis fistis, fifafis fifafis. With the adjective ani ani (long), it would be ani, aniï aniï, anisti anisti, anifaï anifaï.
Adverbs are to verbs what adjectives are to nouns, and Wanya treats them exactly this way.
Vocabulary
Main article: Wanya/Vocabulary
- bun — n. word
- bunɹa — adj. beautiful
- blanda — vv. to give sth. to sb.
- benonda — vc. to live
- baun — n. sheep, goat
- dudek — n. halo
- duŋ — num. 2
- dꝛanda — vv. to work at sth.
- dezda — adj. same, equal
- desa — n. bridge
- dana — nn. woman
- gəδə — n. glass
- guru — n. number
- wibu — n. horse
- wakirfunda — vv. to go, travel swh. from swh. by sth. via swh.
- wan — n. language
- ɹənda — vv. to exist
- yes — pron. 2nd person (you)
- yəöi — n. sentence
- ya — conj. by, from, of
- yoönda — vi. to greet sb.
- pə — conj. which does (insert verb here)
- pəönda — vi. to throw sth. at sth.
- pan — conj. and (+ noun)
- təmonda — vc. to write
- tonda — vv. to stop sb./sth. from sth. using sth.
- kusda — adj. rude, disrespectful
- kala — n. list
- kaska — adj. separating, in between
- kora — n. chest, safe, locker
- konda — vc. to have sth. swh.
- δə — conj. (together) with, containing, of
- la — pron. 3rd person (he, she, it, they)
- λi — conj. and (+ list of nouns, + λi again)
- ista — num. 3
- əpyis — adj. hollow
- əpya — n. cave, center of mouth
- uλan — adj. imaginary, nonexistant
- βeya — n. quote
- βoŋ — adj. closed, restricted, in a building
- rə — adj. open, free, unrestricted, outside
- ꝛunda — vv. to hurt sb. using sth.
- viya — nn. violet (flower)
- vo — num. 1
- zəꝛanda — vv. to ride
- zuïyu — n. convention, standard, tradition
- γus — evid. can
- mau — evid. not
- mavin — adj. evil
- nyeŋ — adj. cheeky
- nyo — n. sign, mark
- nunis — adj. quick, punctual
- nuna — n. time
- na — evid. hopefully
- naɹon — nn. house
- ŋi — pron. null object
- ŋiŋi — pron. double null object
- ŋisti — pron. triple null object
- fi — n. light
- fis — adj. happy
- funda — vv. to walk swh. from swh. via swh.
- fa — num. 4
- faŋ — n. fish
- sinda — vv. to read sth. using sth.
- səe — num. 5
- xi — adj. green
- anka — nn. duck
- ani — adj. long
- oy — pron. 1st person (me, us)
- olominda — vv. to laugh at sb./sth.
- ompfonda — vc. to eat sth. using sth.
abbreviations
- adj. adjective
- conj. conjunction
- evid. evidential
- n. noun
- nn. noun and name
- num. number word
- pron. pronoun
- vc. consonant verb
- vi. irregular verb
- vv. vowel verb
- sb. somebody
- sth. something
- swh. somewhere
