User:Tropylium/Sketchpad

Experimental Phonology Labs

Internally consistent weirdness

BLB	LBA	LZD	VZD	GUT	AER
ʘ		ǁ	ǃ
ʘⁿ		ǁⁿ	ǃⁿ
p		ɾ	ʈk)	ʡ	ʡʰ
m			ɳŋ)	ɴ̠	ɴ̠ʩ)
ɸ	f=	ɬ̪	ɬˣ
		ð̞ʷ	ɻˠ
	ɪ		ə	ɐ

• Coronal clicks are retroflex.
• The "aerated" series technically requires a release resembling nasal release but along a different physiological feature (no direct human counterpart).

Something loglangish

/ i e ə a o u/
/ m n ŋ w ð̞ j r l θ ʃ x k/

[t] is entirely epenthetic (tho /ð/ in many ways fills its phonemic place):

• /r l/ → [tr tl] / {# n}_
• /θ ʃ/ → [tθ tʃ] / {# n x}_
• /θ ʃ/ → [(t)θ (t)ʃ] / _{k x} (free variation)
• /lr/ → [ltr]
• /rl/ → [rtl ~ rl] (free variation)

/x/ → [h ~ ɦ] after /N k ð/ (see next!) & initially

Allophonic voiced stops:

• /k/ → [ɡ ~ ɠ] / V_{V N r l h}, {r l}_
• /ð/ → [d ~ ɗ] / V_{N h}, {r l ʃ}_

This furthermore neutralizes to [ɟ ~ ʄ] before /i/.

Onset cluster: /kr/ Long medial clusters: /nðr nðl/

Unoccurring medial clusters:

• Non-homorganic nasal+obstruent; /nm nŋ mn mŋ/; /ŋð/?
• /ðð/, geminate obstruents
• /xð xk θʃ ʃθ/
• /ðθ ðʃ/
• undecided on /ðk kð/ (what to make of these phonetically?), anything involving semivowels

Pre-Proto-Japanese'

	tsʼ	tʂʼ	tʃʼ
p(ʰ)	t̪(ʰ)	tʂ(ʰ)	tʃ(ʰ)	k(ʰ)
b	d̪	ɖ		ɡ
	s			h
m	n

+ other sonorants as needed

• affricate POAs partially allophonic with each other / t k?
• aspirates → f θ ʂ ʃ x
• θ ʂ → f x
• F → V
• ejectivs → pf x tʃ

Aspiration in clusters (example):

btʃ	btʃʰ	→	ptʃ	ftʃ
d̪tʃ	d̪tʃʰ	→	tʃː	ɬtʃ
ɖtʃ	ɖtʃʰ	→	rtʃː	xtʃ
ɡtʃ	ɡtʃʰ	→	ktʃ

Note /v tʃ ʒ/ rather than reconstructed *bv *c *ɟ!

For West Altaic'

Or therearound?

Unattested phonemes in italics: /p b t ɗ c ɟ k ɠ ʧ ʤ f v s z ʃ ʒ x h m n ŋ w l (ȴ) j r/
/i iː u uː e~ə o oː æ æː ɑ ɑː/
fulɑʃr • næɠf • wælʤ • ɟmoŋəf • ʧɠuːz • ikʧoŋv • wərɑːcsibʤ • hɑɗh • ultəwx
(implosivs allophonic with vcd. stops)

For East Persian'

A)

• ɪ(ː j w) → e(ː j w)
• ʊ(j) → i(ː)
• ʊː → uː
• e (ɪ) → ɨ
• ew (ɪw) → oː
• æː/j, ej, ow ==
• æ → a → ɑ
• æw → ɑw
• ɒː → ɑː
• ɐ → æ
• result: i ɨ æ ɑ, iː uː, eː ej oː ow, æː æj ɑː ɑw (needs u o?)

B)

• ɪ(ː), ʊ(ː) → ə → a
• ɪj ɪw ??
• ʊj → oj → (w)i
• e(ː j) → i
• ew → u
• ow → (w)u
• æ(ː j), ɐ → e
• æw, ɒː → o → (w)a
• result: i e a u + labiovelars/uvulars

Shared:

• ew æw → back vowels, ʊj → i
• lo'ering of ɪ
• fronting of ɐ

Plain/palatalized/retracted

Draft the 1st:

m		n	nʲ	ɳ
p	t̪ ~ -θ-	ts	tsʲ	ʈʂ	k	kʲ	q
b	d̪ ~ -ð-	dz	dzʲ	ɖʐ	g	gʲ	ɢ
v		s	sʲ	ʂ	x	xʲ	χ
		l	lʲ	ʈʂʼ		j	qʼ
		ɾ		ɽ
		r, r̥

Possibly: geminates; additional ejectivs (but we're not having a full set); voiced sibilant/chirants (may be allophonic)

/ɽ/ ← *ɭ

To be allocated

• Difthong allophony/split: [au eu iu ~ ao eo io] (perhaps [ei ai ou ~ eː ae oː], [iː eː oː uː ~ ie ea oa uo])
  (last part looks a bit too Samic)
• Labiodental flap
• Labiouvular trilled affricate [♇]
• /ʈʳ/ ~ [ɽ] vs. /t̪/

Lexical dump

Some number system, set as base-5 but extensible:

• 1 2 3 4 hei len sa mo
• b b² b³ b⁴ b⁵ idži tudži pxedži vašši teldži
• 2b 2b² 2b³ 2b⁴ 2b⁵ lenidži lentudži leŋkadži lembašši lenterdži
• 3b 3b² 3b³ 3b⁴ 3b⁵ saidži satudži sakwadži savašši saterdži
• 4b 4b² 4b³ 4b⁴ 4b⁵ moidži gotudži gokwadži govašši goterdži
  • go is evidently (b-1).

(why -ter- in higher lakhads?? was this just an orthographic quirk?)

Orthographics

"Sumerian" diphonic faux-syllabary

With underspecification:

• /tæmæ/ = TF_V-L̃_V-mF_V-L_V
• /diːzə/ = TF_V-H_VF_C-SM_V

Ie. front/backness coded on "initial"; height coded on "coda"; will look like a vertical vowel system on first glance

morf

English needs more umlaut derivativs

*-ɪθ

• long ∶ length ∷ strong ∶ strength ∷ wrong ∶ wrength /ɹɛŋθ/
• young ∶ youth
• wide ∶ width ∷ side ∶ sidth /sɪdθ/
• … ∷ mild ∶ mildth /mɪldθ/ ∷ wild ∶ wildth /wɪldθ/
• short ∶ sherth /ʃɝːθ/
• old ∶ eldth /ɛldθ/
• heal ∶ health /hɛlθ/
• wreak ∶ wrath ∷ weak ∶ wath /wæθ/ ??
• dry ∶ drought
• high ∶ height ∷ wigh /waɪ/ ∶ weight
• frigh /fɹaɪ/ ∶ fright
• low ∶ louth /luːθ/?
• (true ∶ truth)