User:Tropylium/Sketchpad

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Experimental Phonology Labs

Nothing Coronal Sketch

  • /ʘ m ŋ p k f x/ (/ʘ̃/?)
  • /a/ [-HI] [+LO]
  • /o/ [-HI] [-LO]
  • /u/ [+HI] [-LO]
  • /wa/ [+HI] [+LO]

konka kuffu fakwafang pux muxumpa bwaka ngwapompo

Internally consistent weirdness

BLB LBA LZD VZD GUT AER
ʘ ǁ ǃ
ʘⁿ ǁⁿ ǃⁿ
p ɾ ʈk) ʡ ʡʰ
m ɳŋ) ɴ̠ ɴ̠ʩ)
ɸ f= ɬ̪ ɬˣ
ð̞ʷ ɻˠ
ɪ ə ɐ
  • Coronal clicks are retroflex.
  • The "aerated" series technically requires a release resembling nasal release but along a different physiological feature (no direct human counterpart).

West Uralic lostlang

  • *ë > a, md > nd
  • *V > *VV / _{x}
    • *F > FF / _j
    • *B > BB / _v
  • Umlaut (6v > 7V)
    • *e æ ɑ > *ɪ ɛ a / _i
    • *ɑ æ > *ɔ a
  • General high laxing/mid tensing
    • *i ü ï u > *ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ
      • > (j)ə (v)ə (j)ə (v)ə / (#_)
    • *e o > e: o: > i u
    • *ɛ ɔ > i u / '_#
  • *ń ď ś č š > n dž š ts s
  • *kt > pt
  • *l > w / _{C #}
  • *Cj Cv > CC
    • CC > C / _[+STR]
  • [-voice] > [+voice] / [+voice]_V
  • uw əw əj ij > u u i i
    • vu ji > vɔ jɛ
  • ə > ɔ ɛ / [+LAB]_ [+HI]_

Synopsis for Proto-WUL:

    • *ê_i, i_i, ü_i, ô_i, u_i > (j, j, v, v, v)ə_í
      • vɔdí mɔdí kədzí mɔksí ləstí, vri kri ksi ("middle"), təgɛ́- vɔnɛ́- jɛstɛ́-, plɛ- mnɛ- psɛ-
      • səlí nədí šugí šɛkší kəmɛ́ni kəndzí vɔptí (?), štsi ("coal"), kədɛ́- nugɛ́-, trɛ-
      • jɛgí vɔgí pɔŋí kumí
      • '
    • *ô_a, i_a, u_a > (j, j, v)ə_ú
      • nəlú jɛzú vɔzú ("sleeve", "hate" both), tsəndú, vɔdzɔ́-, krɔ- stɔ-'
    • *i_ä, ü_a > (j, v)ə_á
      • kumá mɔká ləká- vɔská, pša psa-
    • *e_i, e_ä, e_a > í_ɛ, í_a, í_ɔ
      • nidɛ
      • piza nilla
    • *ä_i > ɛ́_ɛ
    • *a_i, ä_ä > á_ɛ, á_a
    • *a_a > ɔ́_ɔ
      • kɔptɔ
    • *o_i, o_a > ú_ɛ, ú_ɔ

Pre-Proto-Japanese'

tsʼ tʂʼ tʃʼ
p(ʰ) t̪(ʰ) tʂ(ʰ) tʃ(ʰ) k(ʰ)
b d̪ ɖ ɡ
s h
m n

+ other sonorants as needed

  • affricate POAs partially allophonic with each other / t k?
  • aspirates → f θ ʂ ʃ x
  • θ ʂ → f x
  • F → V
  • ejectivs → pf x tʃ

Aspiration in clusters (example):

btʃ btʃʰ → ptʃ ftʃ
d̪tʃ d̪tʃʰ → tʃː ɬtʃ
ɖtʃ ɖtʃʰ → rtʃː xtʃ
ɡtʃ ɡtʃʰ → ktʃ

Note /v tʃ ʒ/ rather than reconstructed *bv *c *ɟ!

For West Altaic'

Or therearound?

Unattested phonemes in italics: /p b t ɗ c ɟ k ɠ ʧ ʤ f v s z ʃ ʒ x h m n ŋ w l (ȴ) j r/
/i iː u uː e~ə o oː æ æː ɑ ɑː/
fulɑʃr • næɠf • wælʤ • ɟmoŋəf • ʧɠuːz • ikʧoŋv • wərɑːcsibʤ • hɑɗh • ultəwx
(implosivs allophonic with vcd. stops)

For East Persian'

A)

  • ɪː/j/w → eː/j/w
  • e → ɪ
    • → ɨ
  • ʊ(j) → i(ː)
  • ʊː → uː
  • ew (ɪw) → oː
  • æː/j, ej, ow ==
  • æ → a → ɑ
  • æw → ɑw
  • ɒː → ɑː
  • ɐ → æ
  • result: i ɨ æ ɑ, iː uː, eː ej oː ow, æː æj ɑː ɑw (needs u o?)

B)

  • ɪ(ː), ʊ(ː) → ə → a
  • ɪj ɪw ??
  • ʊj → oj → (w)i
  • e(ː j) → i
  • ew → u
  • ow → (w)u
  • æ(ː j), ɐ → e
  • æw, ɒː → o → (w)a
  • result: i e a u + labiovelars/uvulars

Shared:

  • ew æw → back vowels, ʊj → i
  • centering/lo'ering of ɪ
  • fronting of ɐ

Plain/palatalized/retracted

Draft the 1st:

m n nʲ ɳ
p t̪ ~ -θ- ts tsʲ ʈʂ k kʲ q
b d̪ ~ -ð- dz dzʲ ɖʐ g gʲ ɢ
v s sʲ ʂ x xʲ χ
l lʲ ʈʂʼ j qʼ
ɾ ɽ
r, r̥

Possibly: geminates; additional ejectivs (but we're not having a full set); voiced sibilant/chirants (may be allophonic)

/ɽ/ ← *ɭ

To be allocated

  • Difthong allophony/split: [au eu iu ~ ao eo io] (perhaps [ei ai ou ~ eː ae oː], [iː eː oː uː ~ ie ea oa uo])
    (last part looks a bit too Samic)
  • Labiodental flap
  • Labiouvular trilled affricate [♇]
  • /ʈʳ/ ~ [ɽ] vs. /t̪/
  • Voiced stop POA rotation:
    • b > w > gʷ
    • d > ð > v > b
    • ɟ > dʒ > dz > d (can be split to parts if needed)
    • g > j > ɟ
    • gʷ > g
  • Sonorants to stops:
    • l > lʰ > ɬ > tɬ > t
    • n > nʰ > θ > f > p
    • r > rʰ > χ > x > k

Lexical dump

Some number system, set as base-5 but extensible:

  • 1 2 3 4 hei len sa mo
  • b b² b³ b⁴ b⁵ idži tudži pxedži vašši teldži
  • 2b 2b² 2b³ 2b⁴ 2b⁵ lenidži lentudži leŋkadži lembašši lenterdži
  • 3b 3b² 3b³ 3b⁴ 3b⁵ saidži satudži sakwadži savašši saterdži
  • 4b 4b² 4b³ 4b⁴ 4b⁵ moidži gotudži gokwadži govašši goterdži
    • go is evidently (b-1).

(why -ter- in higher lakhads?? was this just an orthographic quirk?)

Orthographics

"Sumerian" diphonic faux-syllabary

With underspecification:

  • /tæmæ/ = TFV-L̃V-mFV-LV
  • /diːzə/ = TFV-HVFC-SMV

Ie. front/backness coded on "initial"; height coded on "coda"; will look like a vertical vowel system on first glance

morf

English needs more umlaut derivativs

*-ɪθ

  • long ∶ length ∷ strong ∶ strength ∷ wrong ∶ wrength /ɹɛŋθ/
  • young ∶ youth
  • wide ∶ width ∷ side ∶ sidth /sɪdθ/
  • … ∷ mild ∶ mildth /mɪldθ/ ∷ wild ∶ wildth /wɪldθ/
  • short ∶ sherth /ʃɝːθ/
  • old ∶ eldth /ɛldθ/
  • heal ∶ health /hɛlθ/
  • wreak ∶ wrath ∷ weak ∶ wath /wæθ/ ??
  • dry ∶ drought
  • high ∶ height ∷ wigh /waɪ/ ∶ weight
  • frigh /fɹaɪ/ ∶ fright
  • low ∶ louth /luːθ/?
  • (true ∶ truth)
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