Thorsutian

'Thorsutian' '''Thorsutë'''
Spoken in:	Republic of Thorsutia (Thorsutёsh Respublice)
Conworld:	(universe)
Total speakers:	3,100,000
Genealogical classification:	Indo-European (Branch) (Subbranch) Thorsutian
Basic word order:	SVO
Morphological type:
Morphosyntactic alignment:
Writing system:
Created by:
Mos	2007/2008

Prezantin - Introduction

Thorsutian, a constructed language, contains an Indo-European influence. It's grammatical influences stem from many European language including Czech and Armenian. It's orthography influences come from Albanian and other European languages (mostly Slavic). This being the third conlang, I personally strived to make a conlang not have a very complicated grammatical structure so it would be easier to use and learn, but still retain that kind of structure. In a way Thorsutian is connected to my previous conlang, Musmeh. However, there are many differences and revisions enough to classify it as a different language. Thorsutian is the official language of the Republic of Thorsutia.

Thorsutё, nedojnozi lazgu, ёnaçil Indo-Jevropa nidkisёn. Anun grammasidёs nidkisёs ciliçiç el shumetёţu Jevropaţu lazguţu penjeshunaţ Çectё e Ermenjetё. Anun othrografe nidkisёs rikasiç el Albenitё e olma Jevropaţu lazguţu. Ked ёdunaţ trist conlange, je perxhisoçu pёrcinom xojcur conlange nok cam ёshmi zёdcunavozidёn grammasidёn structure ţa an zsёd xa falin pёrdur e mёsojur pas ёzsa mather çadёn melojtёn structurje. Inima, Thorsutё ёd ljёtёn nek jen uzsjotё conlange, Musmehё. Minjava, andej ёl shumetёsh difiniţash e thjexhash tojce xacezsonur anu siç difinitё lazgu. Thorsutё ёd Thorsutije Respublicje offiţane lazgu.

Othrografe - Orthography

A(a) / ɑ/ father

B(b) -- /b/ -- boat

C(c) -- /k’/ -- tic

Ç(ç) -- /tʃ/ -- church

D(d) -- /d/ -- door

E(e) -- /e/ -- bed

Ё(ё) -- /ə/ -- above

F(f) -- /f/ -- fen

G(g) -- /g/ -- goat

H(h) -- /h/ -- house

I(i) -- /i/ -- meal

J(j) -- /j/ -- yes

K(k) -- /k/ -- kick

L(l) -- /l/ -- leaf

M(m) -- /m/ -- mouse

N(n) -- /n/ -- nose

O(o) -- /ɔ/ -- mole

P(p) -- /p/ -- post

R (r) -- /r/

S (s) -- /s/ -- slow

Sh(sh) -- /ʃ/ -- show

T (t) -- /tʰ/ -- toll

Th(th) -- /θ/ -- teeth

Ţ(ţ) -- /ts/ -- cats

U(u) -- /u/ -- lune

V (v) -- /v/ -- vote

X(x) -- /dz/ -- adze

Xh(xh) -- /d͡ʒ/ -- judge

Z (z) -- /z/ -- zen

Zs (zs) -- /ʒ/ -- vision

Combinations:

Ljё -- /ʎ/ -- million

Njё -- /ɲ/ -- onion

Constants

Stops: / p b t d g k m n /

Fricative: / f h sh v z s th zs /

Approximant: / j r l /

Affricate: / ţ ç x xh /

Ejectives: / c /

Vowels

/ a, e, ё, i, o, u,/

Ëmatës - Nouns

Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine. There is a certain pattern though in recognizing those words.

The cases are:

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Nominative

The pen

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Genetive

The pen's

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Accusative

I used the pen

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Ablative

with the pen

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Vocative is always the same as nominative so I will pardon it. For expressing words in a locative or dative manner you use prepositions which I will provide for you later in the text.

Masculine nouns will always end in the consonants (d, ç, s, t, r, n, k)

Our example word will be (marod – man)

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Singular

Nominative: marod

Genetive: marodi

Accustative: marodёn

Ablative: marodu

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Plural

Nominative: marodёs

Genetive: marodiv

Accusative: marodёk

Ablative: maroduţ

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Feminine nouns will always end in the vowels (a, e, ё, u)

Our example word will be (dicinё – woman)

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Singular

Nominative: dicinё

Genetive: dicinje

Accusative: dicinё

Ablative: dicinud

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Plural

Nominative: dicinёsh

Genetive: dicinёţje

Accusative: dicinёsh

Ablative: dicinёţu

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Pretty straight forward, there are some pattern and correlations between the declining sequence that might help you remember. An important thing to remember is that in the feminine accusative is always the same as its nominative respectively. There are a few exceptions for masculine and feminine endings. As you see there are only one way of conjugating verbs in the masculine and feminine way.

The ablative case expresses:

“with the boy”

“by the boy”

“in the city” – use “tho” before the word

“out of the city” – use “el” before the word

Shpedёs - Adjectives

Adjectives conform to the nouns they modify. Additionally they conform to the case and number of the noun they modify. Useful Rule to Remember:

If masculine form of the adjective ends in -s or -d than feminine version ends in –tё (without the –s or -d)

If masculine ends in ç than feminine version ends in –a (added on)

If masculine ends in n than feminine version ends in –e (added on)

Here is an example:

(luved, luvetё – happy)

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Luved marod – happy man

Luvetё dicinё – happy woman

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Luveduţ maroduţ – with the happy men

Luvetёţu dicinёţu – with the happy women

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Luvediv marodiv – of the happy men

Luvetёţje dicinёţje – of the happy men

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Just to straighten things out, adjectives always have two forms their masculine and their feminine form. These endings do not change however the stem used depends on the gender of the noun it is modifying. Here is another example:

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(barbabis, barbabitё – equal)

(drajtun, drajtune – right)

(ţanaç, ţanaça – dry)

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Barbabisu marodu – with the equal man

Barbabitud dicinud – with the equal woman

Nadfjolesh - Adverbs

Adverbs are undeclinable and therefore straightforward.

To make an adverb take the masculine form of the adjective (singular and nominative of course) and add –oçu to make it an adverb. Therefore:

Luved -- happy

Luvedoçu -- happily

Demosdrёdёs Shpedёs - Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives act as regular adjectives.

Ked/ketё – This

Çad/çatu -- That

Narţvelish - Prepositions

Some cases not used include the locative and dative. In order to express words in that manner you have to use certain pronouns.

Ёn – on (locative)

Zgo – at (locative)

Per – for (ablative)

Veçudёs Pirmarёs - Personal Pronouns

Pronouns are not widely used like in English or French since you can infer it from the verb, but are still sometimes used for emphasis or style. Here are some:

The declining is irregular, but it retains a certain pattern.

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Je – I

Jen – my

Jeţ – me (accusative)

Jil – with me

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Ti – you

Tin – your

Tiţ – you (accusative)

Til – with you

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En – he

Enan – his

Enu – him (accusative)

Enё – with him

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Ёna – she

Ёnan – her

Ёnu – her (accusative)

Ёn – with her

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Maţ – we

Man – our

Maţu – us (accusative)

Manu – with us

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Xje – you (formal)

Xjen – your

Xjeţ – you (accusative)

Xjil – with you

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Esh – they

Eshan – their

Eshu – them (accusative)

Eshё – with them

Lihdjotash - Conjunctions

Here are some essential conjuctions:

E – and

Zdi – but

Sёpcu – because

Xhi – or

Façirёs - Verbs

The infinitive form of verbs is always written with a –ur prefix. For example, jatur (to give).

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Present

1. je jatёm 1. maţ jatёmi

2. ti jatis 2. xje jatisu

3. en/ena jat 3. esh jatiç

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Perfect

1. je jatom 1. maţ jatomi

2. ti jatos 2. xje jatosu

3. en/ena jatёn 3. esh jatoç

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Future

1. je cujatёm 1. maţ cujatёmi

2. ti cujatis 2. xje cujatisu

3. en/ena cujat 3. esh cujatiç

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• Note if the verb starts with a vowel you drop the “u” so the prefix is only –c.

Note in the future there is a slight pause between the “cu” and the verb. However, because of the sound shift the pause comes naturally in some people.

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Passive voice To form construct an idea into passive voice you have to add –iz to the end of the verb that you want to express the passive voice. Ex.

Marod jat – The man gives (active)

Marod jatiz – The man is given (passive)

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Verb “to be” “ёdur”, the only irregular verb

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Present

1. je ёm 1. maţ ёdi

2. ti ёs 2. xje ёdu

3. en/ena ёd 3. esh ёl

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Perfect

1. je ёma 1. maţ ёdish

2. ti ёsa 2. xje ёdush

3. en/ena ёda 3. esh ёla

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Future

1. je zsёm 1. maţ zsёdi

2. ti zsёs 2. xje zsёdu

3. en/ena zsёd 3. esh zsёl

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Participles

Remember that participles act just like adjectives!

To form a present active participle:

Take the root of the verb (jat), then add –unaţ (m) or –una (f)

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Jatunaţ marod – The giving man

Jatuna dicinё – the giving woman

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To form a perfect participle

Take the root of the verb (jat), then add -ozid(m) or -ozi (f)

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mibozid deç - the closed door

mibozi cingarta -- the closed book

Stil - Style

The word order is Subject – Verb – Object, however this order is flexible during speech. Writing is usually done in the SVO format.

Sentences tend to be a little loner than English sentences.

Texts are usually read with a rather passive voice putting an emphasis on vowels especially vowels in the beginning of the word.

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Question Words

How? – Cac?

What? – Shto?

Why? – Ţёse?

When? – Kur?

Where? – Ki

Who? – Cus?

Pёrjezozish Tekstesh - Translated Texts

Phrases

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Hello – Saljo

How are you – Cac ёl xje

What is your name – Shto ёd tin zavke?

Who are you? – Cus ёl xje?

What are you doing? – Shto ёl xje novisunaţ?

Yes – Da

No – Ne

I am speaking Thorsutian – Je ёm flasunaţ Thorsutё

Good-bye -- Mёrcaviţa

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Texts

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

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Gilma nijexha cestedёs ёl tёliç liredёs e barbabisёs nё dignosa e drjatunёs. Esh ёl pavancoçiz aresjetёnu e vednjёtu e dahiç veprjour zdi ola shpirtud vёlazmje.

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Lord's Prayer

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Our Father, who art in heaven,

Hallowed be thy Name.

Thy kingdom come.

Thy will be done,

On earth as it is in heaven.

Give us this day our daily bread.

And forgive us our trespasses,

As we forgive those who trespass against us.

And lead us not into temptation,

But deliver us from evil.

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Atreti Dinoga

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Man baset, cus ёd tho parasjud,

ёsmarxhёn ёdur xjen zavke.

Xjen mёbraţje rikas.

Xjen zsёdu çozid,

ёn toke siç ёd tho parasjud.

Jat maţu ked ord man vorje bucje.

E ţalis maţu man funёbartiv,

siç maţ ţalёmi çadёk cus funёbart kurda maţu

E pron maţu nok tho ёnarzsud,

pas shonah maţu el necud.