Garonnian/Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | ||||||
Plosive | /p/ | /b/ | /t/ | /d/ | /k/ | /ɡ/ | ||||
Affricate | /ts/ | /dz/ | /tʃ/ | /dʒ/ | ||||||
Fricative | /f/ | /v/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ʃ/ | /ʒ/ | /h/ | |||
Trill | /r/ | |||||||||
Approximants | /l/ | /ʎ/ |
Unlike many Gallo-Romance languages (French technically lacked this), Garonnian lacks final obstruent devoicing. Unusually among Romance languages, Garonnian exhibits initial consonant mutations and contain somewhat unusual phoneme /ŋ/ which can occur in any positions.
Orthography
Spelling | Pronunciation value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Major | Examples | Minor | Examples | ||
b | /b/ | bull | |||
c | Before a, o, u | /k/ | cur | ||
Before e, i | /tʃ/ | ciul |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /u/ | /uː/ | ||
Mid | /ɛ/ | /ɛː/ | /ɔ/ | /ɔː/ | ||
Open | /a/ | /aː/ |
In unstressed positions, only the vowels /a, i, u/ are allowed. Vowel length are phonemicized as a result of losses of certain consonants (these are, */β, ð, ɣ/), but also as a result of simplification of certain vowel hiatuses (teer */tɛ.ˈɛr/ → /ˈtɛːr/ "to hold", aad /ˈaːd/ "(s)he had").
Consonant structure
The maximal consonant structure in Garonnian is C¹C²S¹VS²C¹C². However, there are many synchronic metatheses called Nicholshill's law (named after the fictional female linguist named Annett Nicholshill)[1] that could occur at unpleasant consonant clusters. The rules include:
- Liquids always precede other consonants when word-final.
- Nasals always precede other consonants when word-final.
Some examples:
- **gëdr → gërd "to sell"
- **Alrigs → Arligs "Alaric, a male given name"
- **ponms → pomns "we put"
Stress
Like French, Garonnian words are always stressed in the last syllable. However, words containing vowel hiatuses are stressed in the second-to-last (penultimate) syllable (bua /ˈbu.a/ "good (fem. sg.)"). As previously I, Willett said, only /a, i, u/ are allowed in unstressed syllables.
Phonological changes
- ↑ Also known as Annette Nicholshill. The pronunciation of her name was /aˈɲɛts nitʃɔˈziʎː/, with silent -l-.