User:Masako/pataka
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phonology
consonants
- Nasals: /m n ɳ ŋ/ <m n ny nk>
- Stops: /p~t k kʷ/ <t k kw>
- Fricatives: /ɦ~h/ <h>
- Approximants: /j w/ <y w>
- Unvoiced stops > voiced when preceded by same consonant
vowels
- /a e o aˑ eˑ oˑ/ <a e o á é ó>
nouns
cases
- nkato /ŋaˈto/ - dog
- NOM/ABS - - - nkato
- ACC - -to - nkatoto /ŋaˈtodo/
- GEN - -yo - nkatoyo /ŋaˈtojo/
- DAT - -ho - nkatoho /ŋaˈtoho/
- LOC - -mo - nkatomo /ŋaˈtomo/
- INST - -wé - nkatowé /ŋaˈtoweˑ/
gender
- tá- - masculine
- yé- - feminine
number
- ka- - plural
- ná- - collective
pronouns
NOM | ACC | GEN | DAT | LOC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | wa- | áwa- | wayo | waha | wamá |
2s | ne- | áne- | neyo | neha | nemá |
3s | o- | áho- | oyo | oha | omá |
1s | kwa- | ákwa- | kwayo | kwaha | kwamá |
2s | nke- | ánke- | nkeyo | nkeha | nkemá |
3s | ko- | áko- | koyo | koha | komá |
verbs
All roots are verbal, i.e. (CV)C. So, yom- means "to relate, be akin to, or have association with". Nouns are derived from these roots.
- yoma - to relate, be akin to, or have association with
- táyomato wayo | MASC-relate-IMPV | He's my brother. (lit: He relates mine.)
- yomo | relate-NOM | relative; something/one that relates
tense, aspect, and mood
There is no tense, only the perfective and imperfective aspects. Imperfective verbs are marked by -a.
- kwanka | 1pl-eat-IMPV | We eat / We are eating
Future events can be indicated by a tentative mood affix -eny-
- nenkenya | 2s-eat-TENT-IMPV | You might eat / be eating
The perfective is indicated by the affix -e
- wanke | 1s-eat-PFV | I ate / have eaten
To negate verbs, the affix -ók is used
- kwankóka | 1pl-eat-NEG-IMPV | We do not eat / We are not eating
The interrogative mood is marked with the affix -em
- nenkeme | 2s-eat-Q-PFV | Have you eaten / Did you eat