Kava/sound changes
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Proto-Subumpamese (???) to Proto-Kava (1900)
- The schwas ə ə̄ shifted to u ū.
- The mid vowels e o rotated to i ə.
- The high vowel i shifted to ə if touching a /q/ in either direction.
- Primordial f shifted to p .
- Primordial hʷ w shifted to f v.
- The postalveolar affricates č ǯ ň š ł became c ʒ n s l unconditionally.
- The palatal ć became č except in syllable-final position.
- The voiceless uvular stop q changed to k when syllable-final.
- The prevelar c̀ shifted to a true palatal ć .
- Clusters like sm shifted to mp.
- Word-final ć became s. ćk ćq etc > ćć. Any other syllable-final ć assimilates to the following consonant.
- Labialization metathesizes forward across a syllable boundary.
- Any heterorganic stop/aff after a stop turned into a fricative.
- The affricates c ʒ changed to s z when not after a high tone.
- Voiced stops became voiceless when occurring before a high tone.
- hʷ (new) > fʷ.
- The labialized velar nasal ŋʷ changed to w before /i/.
- Labialization disappeared before /i/.
- All remaining labialized dorsals became labiovelar. All others became rounded bilabials.
- The true palatal ć became č unconditionally.