Ilya: Difference between revisions

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== case ==
== case ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:40%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%;"
|+Number
|+ '''Cases'''
!
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Dual'''
!'''Trial'''
|-align=center
|-align=center
!'''bet-'''<br>''house''
|'''beto'''  || '''betimwa'''  || '''betikwa''' || '''beturwa'''
|-align=center
!'''kop(a)'''<br>''dog''
|'''kopa'''  || '''kopimwa'''  || '''kopikwa''' || '''kopurwa'''
|-align=center
!'''nesk(a)'''<br>''girl''
|'''neska'''  || '''neskimwa'''  || '''neskikwa''' || '''neskurwa'''
|}
{| class="wikitable" 
|+ '''Grammatical Cases'''
|- 
! Number || Name || Suffix || Example || English Gloss  
! Number || Name || Suffix || Example || English Gloss  
|-   
|-   
| 1 || [[Nominative case|Nominative]] || no suffix || yob || crystal
| 1 || [[Wp:Nominative_case|Nominative]] || no suffix || '''bet''' || house
|-   
|-   
| 2 || [[Oblique case|Oblique]] || -tem || yobtem || the crystal give, in the crystal, to the crystal, etc.
| 2 || [[Wp:Oblique_case|Oblique]] || -'''o''' / -'''wa''' || '''beto''' || the house, to the house, etc.
|-   
|-   
| 3 || [[Genitive case|Genitive]] || -ag || yobag || of the crystal
| 3 || [[Wp:Genitive_case|Genitive]] || -'''ai''' / -'''ya''' || '''betai''' || of the house
|-   
|-   
| 4 || [[Vocative case|Vocative]] || -top {{r|footnote1|group=decimal}} || Yobtop || O Crystal!
| 4 || [[Wp:Locative_case|Vocative]] || -'''(u)sh''' / -'''da''' || '''betush''' || in, at, on the house
|-   
|-   
| 5 || [[Instrumental case|Instrumental]] || -esh || yobesh || using crystal
| 5 || [[Wp:Instrumental_case|Instrumental; Comitative]] || -'''ak''' / -'''ha''' || '''betak''' || using; with the house
|}
|}
    -ai / -ya - genitive [GEN]
    -ak / -ha - comitative / instrumental [COM]
    -im - general plural [PL]
    iy- - dative [DAT]
    -o / -wa - oblique [OBL]
    -sh / -da - locative [LOC]
    -y- - accusative [ACC]


== degree ==
== degree ==

Revision as of 08:10, 3 July 2016

sounds

consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar Glottal
Plosives p   b t   d k   g ʔ (q)
Nasals m n
Fricatives s ʃ (sh)
Approximants l j (y) w h
Trill r
vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

nouns

number

Nouns are commonly preceded by determiners. Plural nouns are formed by appending -im. Dual nouns are formed by appending -ik. Trial nouns are formed by appending -ur. This does not alter the stress:

Number
Singular Plural Dual Trial
bet-
house 		bet betim betik betur
kop(a)
dog 		kopa kopim kopik kopur
nesk(a)
girl 		neska neskim neskik neskur

gender

case

Cases
Number Name Suffix Example English Gloss
1 Nominative no suffix bet house
2 Oblique -o / -wa beto the house, to the house, etc.
3 Genitive -ai / -ya betai of the house
4 Vocative -(u)sh / -da betush in, at, on the house
5 Instrumental; Comitative -ak / -ha betak using; with the house

degree

pronouns

case

demonstrative

prepositions

adjectives

comparison

numbers

ordinal

questions

verbs

tense

aspect

mood

special verbs

syntax

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