Sajem Tan: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:43, 25 June 2016

Sajem Tan or Common Honey is a non-naturalistic artlang/collaborative conlang started in November 2015 by members of the CONLANG mailing list.[1] [2] It currently does not have a conworld associated with it, but the team has created a sort of quasi-culture around the language. As of 30 May 2016 the phoneme inventory, orthography, morphology, and syntax are fully functional or nearly so. The lexicon is growing rapidly and various writing and translation projects have been undertaken.

As the language and its documentation grow, we will separate these sections into subpages.

Creation Myth

The Sajem Tan community is based on the following creation myth, posted by Shanoxilt Cizypij on 30 November 2015:

So very long ago, during gray and overcast days past, Thunder rumbled. From the shaken sky tumbled Thunder's noises and with them Rain. By the fallen Rain, Flower was nourished and River was filled. Upon its web, between Flower and Stone, Spider gathered Rain. When Rain ceased and Thunder silenced, Bee gathered Flower's pollen. Bee then flew away to its hive to make our Common Honey. Upon the hive came Bear who so loved our Common Honey that it shared with all who would sample. Witnessing all this, from atop Stone, Bird declared, "May this recur until all our tribe partakes of Common Honey."

snymmeht keh slnuhm znolkah sno slet kemfeh dulc Divolm. kem zhasikzheh metfeh dulc Divolmvmeh dolnah keh zloahkahm Telzlnoln. znim Telzlnolnvah gulslimumsun Jidolk keh jelkzhutumsun Shelsheln. zlovmeh zathelndin navnyc, Jidolk keh Thefam sholmak, Telzlnoln znolcfeh Zatheln. vaslnulmfeh Telzlnoln keh simemzhutfehsun Divolm zult, Jidolkvmeh zhetam znolcfeh Kizhult. zhuhzhuhmfeh Kizhult zlovmeh kizhultdin seln dehahvmeh Sajem Tan fmyvuhkfehjahk. kizhultdin dathnycfeh Thefnolm. dehahvmeh Sajem Tan zhejulnmunfeh Thefnolm tyk zo vesneneht zlo shasholcfeh fnit xyt duahkahm. "kasynsho sin duah Sajem Tan shasholcum xyt dehahvmeh molm taznoln" tanzlulcfeh xyt duah duldoltfeh Thefam navnyc Vithit.

Roles

The characters in this myth are also the titles or roles of members of the community:

Thunder	phonology	Samantha Tarnowski
Rain	morphology	Asher Drummond
Spider	syntax	Jim Henry
Flower	semantics	Brett Williams
Stone	orthography	Daniel Swanson
River	pragmatics	James Constable
Bee	corpus	Jim Henry
Bear	pedagogy	Jon Michael Swift
Bird or the swift feathered one	supervision	Shanoxilt Cizypij
Ants	other members of the community	Scott Hamilton, Mia DeSanzo, Noelle Morris et alia
Tree		James Hyett
Dust		Steel-kun
Wind	etymology	Reuben Staley
Star	idioms	Dave Hayes
Lightning	music	Emmaline Tarnowski

Each of the roles has certain taboos as well as responsibilities for the development of the language. For instance, Bee cannot refer to the swift feathered one by name, Thunder must never rhyme, and River must always mark tense. Animate roles (Bird, Bear, Bee and Spider) must speak in the third person, and vegetal roles (Flower and Tree) in the second.

Phonology and romanization

Vowels

IPA	/i/	/e/	/ɛ/	/æ/	/u/	/ɑ/	/ɤ/	/ʌ/	/y/	/ø/	/ɵ/	/œ/
Romanization	i	e	eh	a	u	ah	ul	uh	y	ol	o	el

Consonants

IPA	/ts/	/t/	/k/	/d/	/g/	/m/	/n/	/f/	/v/	/θ/	/s/	/z/	/ʃ/	/ʒ/	/ɬ/	/ɮ/	/x/	/ʎ/
Romanization	c	t	k	d	g	m	n	f	v	th	s	z	sh	zh	sl	zl	x	j

The proper alphabetical order is: d, g, x, j, f, v, th, s, z, sh, zh, sl, zl, m, n, a, el, e, ol, i, y, uh, ul, c, t, k, ah, eh, o, u

The only allowed coda consonants are voiceless plosives and nasals. Any consonant by itself is allowed in onset; the only atttested clusters are fricative + homorganic nasal, e.g. /vm-/, /zn-/.

Root words consist of zero or more C(C)V syllables followed by a C(C)VC syllable, containing a restricted subset of vowels: ol, e, el, i, a, ul, uh, y
Suffixes and particles are to consist of one (C)V(C) syllable using the other vowels not used in content roots: o, ah, eh, u
The final consonant of a syllable can only be a nasal or unvoiced plosive (t, k, c, m, n).
If a syllable begins with a consonant cluster, the first consonant must be a fricative and the second a nasal at more or less the same point of articulation. E.g. fm-, vm-, sn-, zn-, shn-, thn-, etc.

Syntax

OVS word order
oblique case verb arguments can go before the object (normally) or after the subject (for emphasis/topicalization) (?subject to change)
genitive nouns before head nouns
relative clauses before their head nouns (?subject to change)
auxiliary verbs after main verbs
adverbs before main verbs
adjectives before nouns
postpositions (for whatever we aren't marking with case, including some weird stuff that other languages mark with verbs); postpositional phrases precede what they modify
several grammatical particles that introduce neologisms and their initial definitions, or words being used in new senses

Sajem Tan's OVS word order requires some explication. Typical, high-agency transitive verbs put the object first, then the verb, then the subject; neither subject nor object gets case marking because they're marked by position. E.g.,

Zlnathnyn xafolmdah  Thefnolm.
chimaera  attack-PFV bear
Bear attacked the chimaera.

Intransitive verbs put an agent or force-like subject after the verb, but an experiencer or patient-like subject before the verb. E.g.,

Thekfeh   Thefam.
write-DUR stone
Stone is writing.

Slin  kasynfeh   set.
fight happen-DUR begin=PST
A fight broke out.

Experiencer verbs which would have a direct object in English generally put the experiencer before the verb, and the thing experienced before that, in the focus case:

Jidolkzheh kizhult nelmfeh.
flower-FOC bee     see-DUR
The bee saw a flower.

The copula "zan-" may be an exception to the usual word order rules; the tribe is discussing this.

Morphology

Self-segmenting morphology
Agglutinating
Dependent marking
Case endings for oblique roles
Lots of applicatives
No noun classes
Minimal declension/conjugation classes
Minimal irregularity
Modifier before head in compounds

Verbs

Marked on the verb (agglutinating suffixes)

aspect
valency changing operations (voice, applicatives) (optional)

Template: root-aspect-(valency)

Aspect markers for verbs are obligatory. If you want to explicitly mark tense, then you have to use a mood auxiliary.

durative	continuous	gnomic	habitual	perfective
-feh	-sho	-um	-eht	-dah

Auxilliary verbs

Nonpast	ol	i
Immediate past	el	e
Mid past/indeterminate past	y	a
Remote past	uh	ul

That is, the nonpast dictionary form of an auxiliary verb would have "i" or "ol" while inflected past forms would keep the same consonants but change the vowel as above.

Agent, force, patient and experiencer marked by word order (agent and force after the verb, patient and experiencer before the verb)

Morphological cases

-zheh	focus/source
-thot	recipient/beneficiary
-gu	instrumental I -- tools that fit in the hand
-vah	instrumental II -- tools too big to hold in the hand, and intangible tools like software
-kahm	comitative
-vmeh	genitive
-veh	comparative
-o	vocative

For examples on how these are used, refer to the lesson on the Sajem Tan wikiversity page https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Sajem_Tan/Morphological_cases

Lexicon

See Sajem_Tan/Lexicon or http://mr-martian.github.io/Sajem_Tan/lexicon.html

Suffixes

-ah	plural
-ahah	infinite
-jahk	in order to (valency suffix)
-ku	interogative suffix
-sun	passive voice
-xeht	lacking
-uk	not
-mun	maximum
-ukmun	anti
-so	-having one
-zhum	pet
-zhut	cause to be
-mahk	improver
-meht	having a surfeit or plenitude of something
-mon	a group of
-noc	the end state of a product or action
-tu	to be more than
-tuc	part of
-tutu	to be the most
-kah	energetic
-ku	interrogative
-ok	exceedingly awful

Various derivational suffixes can be found in the lexicon.

Numbers

	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Decimal	tim	dec	fam	vulc	sluht	zlik	shen	zhat	kulk	guhn
Senary	tyt	dolk	felt	vyk	slolc	zlelc

Decimal multipliers:

10	znek
100	thnolt
1000	vmelt

Senary multipliers:

6	xek
36	folt
216	zhelt

Decimal point (both): nolk

Senary numbers are used in formal or poetic registers, for items naturally occurring in groups of six, and for units of time smaller than an hour.

Examples:

360₁₀ / 1400₆ = vulcthnolt shenznek / zhelt slolcfolt
π ≈ 3.142₁₀ / 3.0503₆ = vulc nolk dec sluht fam / vyk nolk tyt zlelc tyt vyk

Pronouns

Singular:

	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
inanimate	theh	vu	zo
vegetal	thu	vo	zeh
animate	seh	zhu	zlo
neutral	deh	do	du

Plural pronouns are regularly formed by suffixing -ah. These specialized plural pronouns are all archaic:

	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
inanimate	thehs [archaic]	vuzh [archaic]	zozl [archaic]
vegetal	thuzl [archaic]	vos [archaic]	zehzh [archaic]
animate	sehth [archaic]	zhuv [archaic]	zloz [archaic]

Animacy in Sajem Tan does not depend on any notion of personhood. Instead, animate pronouns are used for those beings in the kingdom Animalia, vegetal for all other living beings, and inanimate for everything else. The neutral series may be used in cases of mixed, unknown, or undisclosed animacy.

The third person pronouns, particularly du, also function as demonstratives.

Evidentials

voln	understood through the reversal of a previously deep belief
thef	deduced from sensory evidence
tholk	direct sensory evidence
snat	learned by secondary/tertiary sources
shan	hearsay via a living person
slet	traditional knowledge
sluln	based on faith/beliefs/subjective experiences
kic	carefully discerned through protracted study

Evidentiality is marked with adverbs. Evidential adverbs may be compounded normally, e.g. "femek" (mind) + "tholk" (known from direct sensory evidence) = "femektholk" (discovered by telepathy)

Evidentials express the way the *speaker* knows about the content of the sentence; knowing-verbs (or knowing-adpositions, such as we have in Sajem Tan) express what the *experiencer* of the sentence knows about its *focus*.

Corpus

Tools

A Github repository of tools can be found at https://github.com/mr-martian/Sajem_Tan

An index of Github tools: http://mr-martian.github.io/Sajem_Tan/index.html

Phonotactics Checker: http://mr-martian.github.io/Sajem_Tan/check.html

Random text/sentence generator: http://mr-martian.github.io/Sajem_Tan/randsen.html

Root lists: http://pastebin.com/0S5GsiqP http://pastebin.com/mVr9trze

Interactive Lexicon: http://mr-martian.github.io/Sajem_Tan/lexicon.html

The Wikiversity Courses on Sajem Tan are available to practice basic skills! https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Sajem_Tan

Automatic Glosser: http://mr-martian.github.io/Sajem_Tan/gloss.html

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	'''Sajem Tan''' or '''Common Honey''' is a non-naturalistic [[artlang]]/[[collaborative conlang]] started in November 2015 by members of the CONLANG mailing list.[https://listserv.brown.edu/archives/cgi-bin/wa?A2=conlang;f9e149ed.1512D] [https://listserv.brown.edu/archives/cgi-bin/wa?A2=conlang;e521b74.1512D] As of 30 May 2016 the phoneme inventory, orthography, morphology, and syntax are fully functional or nearly so. The lexicon is growing rapidly and various writing and translation projects have been undertaken.		'''Sajem Tan''' or '''Common Honey''' is a non-naturalistic [[artlang]]/[[collaborative conlang]] started in November 2015 by members of the CONLANG mailing list.[https://listserv.brown.edu/archives/cgi-bin/wa?A2=conlang;f9e149ed.1512D] [https://listserv.brown.edu/archives/cgi-bin/wa?A2=conlang;e521b74.1512D] It currently does not have a [[conworld]] associated with it, but the team has created a sort of quasi-culture around the language. As of 30 May 2016 the phoneme inventory, orthography, morphology, and syntax are fully functional or nearly so. The lexicon is growing rapidly and various writing and translation projects have been undertaken.

	As the language and its documentation grow, we will separate these sections into subpages.		As the language and its documentation grow, we will separate these sections into subpages.

Sajem Tan: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:43, 25 June 2016

Contents

Creation Myth

Roles

Phonology and romanization

Syntax

Morphology

Verbs

Auxilliary verbs

Morphological cases

Lexicon

Suffixes

Numbers

Pronouns

Evidentials

Corpus

Tools

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Page actions

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