User:Masako/pataka: Difference between revisions

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== Consonants ==
== Consonants ==


* '''Plosives''': /p t k ʔ/
* '''Nasals''': /m n ɲ/
* '''Nasals''': /m n ɲ/
* '''Plosives''': /p t k ʔ/
* '''Continuants''': /s l h/
* '''Affricates''': /t͡s t͡ɬ/
* '''Affricates''': /t͡s t͡ɬ/
* '''Continuants''': /s l h/
* '''Semivowels''': /j w/
* '''Semivowels''': /j w/


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* '''Plosives''': /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk/
* '''Plosives''': /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk/
=== Labialization ===
* '''Plosives''': /pʷ kʷ/
* '''Nasals''': /mʷ nʷ/
* '''Continuants''': /ʃʷ hʷ/
* '''Affricates''': /t͡ʃʷ/
=== Palatalization ===
* '''Plosives''': /pʲ kʲ/
* '''Nasals''': /mʲ/
* '''Continuants''': /hʲ/


=== Allophones ===
=== Allophones ===


Because of its small phoneme inventory, '''Kala''' allows for quite a lot of allophonic variation. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k], /s/ as [z] or [ʃ] as well as [s], /l/ as [ɾ] as well as [l], /t͡s/ as [dz] or [t͡ʃ] as well as [t͡s], /t͡ɬ/ as [tl] as well as [t͡ɬ] and vowels may be either long or short.
Because of its small phoneme inventory, '''Kala''' allows for quite a lot of allophonic variation. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k] etc, and vowels may be either long or short. See list below.
 
* '''p''' can be /p/, [b], or [f]
* '''t''' can be /t/ or [d]
* '''k''' can be /k/ or [g]
* '''s''' can be /s/, [ʃ], or [z]
* '''h''' can be /h/ or [ɦ] (usually before front vowels)
* '''ts''' can be /t͡s/, [t͡ʃ], or [d͡ʒ]
* '''tl''' can be /t͡ɬ/ or [tl]
* '''u''' can be /w/ or [v] (only used in proper names)
* '''l''' can be /l/ or [ɾ]


== Vowels ==
== Vowels ==

Revision as of 06:27, 1 October 2015

Introduction

Borrowing

Parts of Speech

Kala has three parts of speech, each with several subgroups.

  1. noma - nouns
  2. uati - verbs
    1. tatse - locative verbs (prepositions)
  3. peya - particles
    1. nita - interjections
    2. eka - affixes

Phonology

Consonants

  • Plosives: /p t k ʔ/
  • Nasals: /m n ɲ/
  • Continuants: /s l h/
  • Affricates: /t͡s t͡ɬ/
  • Semivowels: /j w/

Prenasalization

  • Plosives: /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk/

Labialization

  • Plosives: /pʷ kʷ/
  • Nasals: /mʷ nʷ/
  • Continuants: /ʃʷ hʷ/
  • Affricates: /t͡ʃʷ/

Palatalization

  • Plosives: /pʲ kʲ/
  • Nasals: /mʲ/
  • Continuants: /hʲ/

Allophones

Because of its small phoneme inventory, Kala allows for quite a lot of allophonic variation. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k] etc, and vowels may be either long or short. See list below.

  • p can be /p/, [b], or [f]
  • t can be /t/ or [d]
  • k can be /k/ or [g]
  • s can be /s/, [ʃ], or [z]
  • h can be /h/ or [ɦ] (usually before front vowels)
  • ts can be /t͡s/, [t͡ʃ], or [d͡ʒ]
  • tl can be /t͡ɬ/ or [tl]
  • u can be /w/ or [v] (only used in proper names)
  • l can be /l/ or [ɾ]

Vowels

Morphology

Nouns

Verbs

Syntax

Sentence na nyoma ina
Words na nyoma ina
Gloss I (AG) rice (P) eat (pres)
Parts Agent Patient Verb
Translation I eat rice.

Comparisons

Questions

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