User:Masako/pataka: Difference between revisions
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Kala’s grammar is fairly regular and equally as simple. This is an explanation based on a story. The story is fairly simple and involves a few situations that are common to the human experience. | Kala’s grammar is fairly regular and equally as simple. This is an explanation based on a story. The story is fairly simple and involves a few situations that are common to the human experience. | ||
< | <h3>John, his dog, and his friends</h3> | ||
* <b>yohano</b> | * <b>yohano ina</b> | ||
: John eat | |||
: <i>John eats.</i> or <i>John is eating.</i> | |||
* This is the simplest type of phrase in Kala. It includes the subject <b>yohano</b> and the action <b>ina</b>. The important thing to recognize is that <b>ina</b> can also mean <i>food</i>. The clue to its meaning in this phrase is word order, which, in Kala, is always <b>(Subject)-(Object)-Verb</b>. Verbs can be used alone when the phrase is an interjection, simply a statement of observance, or response to a question. Note the example below: | |||
* This is the simplest type of phrase in Kala. It includes the subject <b> | |||
* <b>pana</b> | * <b>pana</b> | ||
| Line 53: | Line 17: | ||
* To express the tense, simple suffixes are used: | * To express the tense, simple suffixes are used: | ||
* <b> | * <b>yohano inaye</b> | ||
: | : John eat-PST | ||
: <i> | : <i>John ate.</i> | ||
* (note the lack of a definite article) | * (note the lack of a definite article) | ||
* <b> | * <b>yohano inatli</b> | ||
: | : John eat-FUT | ||
: <i> | : <i>John will eat.</i> | ||
<h3>subject vs object</h3> | <h3>subject vs object</h3> | ||
* <b> | * <b>yohano nyoma inaye</b> | ||
: | :John rice eat-PST | ||
:<i> | :<i>John ate the rice</i> | ||
* <b> | * In the above phrase the strict <b>SVO</b> word order indicates that the rice is the object, or patient (recipient of the action). The particle <b>ke</b> marks the patient. It also function as a nominalizer (makes it a noun). The below is an example of a phrase that lacks a subject: | ||
< | * <b>ke nyoma inaye</b> | ||
:O rice eat-PST | |||
:<i>The rice was eaten.</i> | |||
* <b> | * <b>mita yohanoyo ke nyoma inaye</b> | ||
:John | :dog John-POSS O rice eat-PST | ||
:<i>John | :<i>John's dog ate the rice.</i> | ||
Revision as of 03:19, 8 May 2015
Kala’s grammar is fairly regular and equally as simple. This is an explanation based on a story. The story is fairly simple and involves a few situations that are common to the human experience.
John, his dog, and his friends
- yohano ina
- John eat
- John eats. or John is eating.
- This is the simplest type of phrase in Kala. It includes the subject yohano and the action ina. The important thing to recognize is that ina can also mean food. The clue to its meaning in this phrase is word order, which, in Kala, is always (Subject)-(Object)-Verb. Verbs can be used alone when the phrase is an interjection, simply a statement of observance, or response to a question. Note the example below:
- pana
- rain
- It is raining or Rain!
tense
- To express the tense, simple suffixes are used:
- yohano inaye
- John eat-PST
- John ate.
- (note the lack of a definite article)
- yohano inatli
- John eat-FUT
- John will eat.
subject vs object
- yohano nyoma inaye
- John rice eat-PST
- John ate the rice
- In the above phrase the strict SVO word order indicates that the rice is the object, or patient (recipient of the action). The particle ke marks the patient. It also function as a nominalizer (makes it a noun). The below is an example of a phrase that lacks a subject:
- ke nyoma inaye
- O rice eat-PST
- The rice was eaten.
- mita yohanoyo ke nyoma inaye
- dog John-POSS O rice eat-PST
- John's dog ate the rice.
