Diaeresis and Umlaut: Difference between revisions
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! Notes | ! Notes | ||
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| rowspan= | | [[Wikipedia:Central_vowel|Central vowel]] | ||
| [[Wikipedia:Moro_language|Moro]] | |||
| Ëë /ˈəː/ | |||
| This letter represents a "long or stressed ‘ə’",<ref name=stressed_moro_schwa1>Guest, Elizabeth. 1997. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Kordofanian/Moro/guest_moro-phonology1997.pdf Moro Phonology].</ref> but the phonemicity of it is contested.<ref name=stressed_moro_schwa2>Blench, Roger. 2005. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Kordofanian/Moro/guest_moro-phonology1997.pdf A dictionary of the Moro language of the Nuba hills, Sudan ].</ref> The orthography for Moro did not have capital letters originally.<ref name=stressed_moro_schwa1/> | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan=9 | [[Wikipedia:Front_vowel|Front]] version of [[Wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]] (this includes Ää even though its unaccented version is not a back vowel in all of these languages) | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Estonian_language|Estonian]] | | [[Wikipedia:Estonian_language|Estonian]] | ||
| Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/ | | Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/ | ||
Revision as of 02:20, 11 February 2015
Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character. But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish Oo represents /u/ while Öö represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other hand does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph. Both are also known under the general name trema.
The diaeresis and umlaut characters have different origins. Diaeresis was borrowed from the Greek alphabet,[1] while umlaut began as a small e placed on top of Aa, Oo or Uu. This e then later evolved into the same shape as diaeresis.[2]
Diaeresis/Umlaut in Unicode
| ¨ | ◌̈ | Ä | ä | Ǟ | ǟ | Ë | ë | Ḧ | ḧ | Ï | ï | Ḯ |
| U+00A8 | U+0308 | U+00C4 | U+00E4 | U+01DE | U+01DF | U+00CB | U+00EB | U+1E26 | U+1E27 | U+00CF | U+00EF | U+1E2E |
| Diaeresis | Combining Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter E With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter E With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter H With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter H With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute |
| ḯ | Ö | ö | Ȫ | ȫ | Ṏ | ṏ | ẗ | Ü | ü | Ǖ | ǖ | Ǘ |
| U+1E2F | U+00D6 | U+00F6 | U+022A | U+022B | U+1E4E | U+1E4F | U+1E97 | U+00DC | U+00FC | U+01D5 | U+01D6 | U+01D7 |
| Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter T With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute |
| ǘ | Ǚ | ǚ | Ǜ | ǜ | Ṻ | ṻ | Ẅ | ẅ | Ẍ | ẍ | Ÿ | ÿ |
| U+01D8 | U+01D9 | U+01DA | U+01DB | U+01DC | U+1E7A | U+1E7B | U+1E84 | U+1E85 | U+1E8C | U+1E8D | U+0178 | U+00FF |
| Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave | Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter W With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter W With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter X With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter X With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter Y With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter Y With Diaeresis |
Diaeresis/Umlaut in Natlangs
| Usage | Language | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central vowel | Moro | Ëë /ˈəː/ | This letter represents a "long or stressed ‘ə’",[3] but the phonemicity of it is contested.[4] The orthography for Moro did not have capital letters originally.[3] |
| Front version of back vowel (this includes Ää even though its unaccented version is not a back vowel in all of these languages) | Estonian | Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/ | |
| Finnish | Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/ | Usage borrowed from Swedish. | |
| German | Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/ | The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae, oe and ue. | |
| Hungarian | Öö /ø/, Üü /y/ | ||
| Icelandic | Öö /œ/ | ||
| Livonian | Ää /æ/, Ǟǟ /æː/ | ||
| Mandarin (Pinyin romanization) | Üü /y/, Ǖǖ /y˥/, Ǘǘ /y˧˥/, Ǚǚ /y˨˩˦/, Ǜǜ /˥˩/ | Üü without tone markings may stand for the so called neutral tone,[5] or it is simply due to no tone marks being used in the given text.[6] Note that these tone values are based on the Beijing dialect.[7] | |
| Slovak | Ää /æ~ɛ/ | /æ/ is archaic or dialectal pronunciation.[8] | |
| Swedish | Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/ | The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[9] and oe.[10] Üü is not really a part of the Swedish alphabet, but is used in some loanwords and in many surnames. | |
| Hiatus | Catalan | Ïï /i/, Üü /u/ | Diaeresis on an Ii or Uu following another vowel marks that the two vowels are in different syllables. Without diaresis, the Ii or Uu would stand for a semivowel.[11] |
| French | Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ | ||
| Non-silent vowel | Catalan | Üü /w/ | Diaresis on an Uu that is between Gg or Qq and a front vowel marks that this letter stands for /w/. Otherwise it would be a part of the digraph Gu gu /g/ or Qu qu /k/ that is used before front vowels.[11] |
| Raised vowel | Hungarian | Ëë /e/ | Unaccented Ee stands for /ɛ/. Ëë is not really a part of the Hungarian alphabet however; it is used when writing down spoken or sung language in a dialect that has this phoneme. |
Diaeresis/Umlaut in Conlangs
| Usage | Language | Creator | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digraph disambiguation | Lhueslue (external romanization) | Qwynegold | Ëë /e/ | The diaeresis is used when /e/ follows another vowel, and signals that these two vowel letters do not form a digraph. These two vowels are pronounced as a diphthong.[12] |
| Front version of back vowel | Qwynegold (Qwadralónia dialect) | Qwynegold | Ää /æ, ɛ/, Ä́ä́ /æˑ, ɛˑ/, Ā̈ā̈ /æː, ɛː/, Öö /ø, œ/, Ö́ö́ /øˑ, œˑ/, Ō̈ō̈ /øː, œː/ | Ä́ä́, Ā̈ā̈, Ö́ö́, Ō̈ō̈ have no precomposed forms. |
| Songulda (external romanization) | Qwynegold | Öö /ø/, Üü /y/ |
See Also
References
- ↑ Diaeresis, Diaeresis, History at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Diaeresis, Umlaut, History at Wikipedia.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Guest, Elizabeth. 1997. Moro Phonology.
- ↑ Blench, Roger. 2005. A dictionary of the Moro language of the Nuba hills, Sudan .
- ↑ Pinyin, Numerals in place of tone marks at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Pinyin at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Mandarin Chinese, Tones at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Slovak language at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Ä at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Ö at Wikipedia.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Catalan alphabet, Diaeresis at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Lhueslue, Romanization at FrathWiki.
