Nodrostic: Difference between revisions
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|- | |- | ||
!Front | !Front | ||
| ''e'' || '' | | ''e'' || ''é'' || ''ö'' || ''ő'' || ''y'' || ''ý'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Back | !Back | ||
| ''a'' || '' | | ''a'' || ''á'' || ''o'' || ''ó'' || ''u'' || ''ú'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Neutral | !Neutral | ||
|colspan=6| ''i | |colspan=6| ''i í'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
* a word whose vowels are only ''i'' or '' | * a word whose vowels are only ''i'' or ''í'' would take the front variants' affixing | ||
==Syllable Structure & Phonotactics== | ==Syllable Structure & Phonotactics== |
Revision as of 16:25, 11 May 2014
Nodrostaj
Phonology & Orthography
Alphabet
Consonants
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | /p b/ p b | /t d/ t d | /k g/ c g | /q ɢ/ c g | /ʔ/ x | ||||
Affricate | /ts/ z | /tʃ/ ż | |||||||
Nasal | /m/ m | /n/ n | /ŋ/ ng | /ɴ/ ng | |||||
Trill | /r/ r | ||||||||
Fricative | /f/ f | /θ/ ð | /s/ s | /ʃ/ ṡ | /x/ k | /χ/ k | /h/ h | ||
Lateral Fricative | /ɮ/ l | ||||||||
Approximant | /ʋ/ v | /j/ j |
- /p t k q/ are realized as [p̚ t̚ k̚ q̚] word finally
- /b d g ɢ/ are realized as [β ð ɣ ʁ] after a vowel and before another vowel, a sibilant, or a liquid
- /k ɡ ŋ x/ and /q ɢ ɴ χ/ are in complementary distribution with the former occurring in a syllable containing front vowels and the latter occurring in a syllable containing back vowels
- /hm hn hŋ hɴ hr hɮ/ are realized as [m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ ɴ̥ r̥ ɬ]
- /r ɮ/ are realized as [r̥ ɬ] word finally
- geminated consonants are represented by doubling the consonants
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | /iː yː/ í ý | /uː/ ú | |
Near-close | /ɪ ʏ/ i y | /ʊ/ u | |
Close-mid | /eː øː/ é ő | /oː/ ó | |
Open-mid | /ɛ œ/ e ö | /ɜː/ á | /ɔ/ o |
Open | /a/ a |
- when unstressed, vowels become slightly more central
- /a/ and /ɜː/ is realized as [ɑ] and [ʌː], respectively, when before or after a uvular consonant
Vowel Harmony
The vowel harmony of Nodrostic is based on front/back harmony.
Front | e | é | ö | ő | y | ý |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Back | a | á | o | ó | u | ú |
Neutral | i í |
- a word whose vowels are only i or í would take the front variants' affixing
Syllable Structure & Phonotactics
Morphology
Nouns
Verbs
Intransitive
The argument of an intransitive verb is realized through suffixes added to a verb stem.
SG | DL | PL | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | -ös/os | -ösel/osal | -ösenee/osanaa |
2 | -d | -del/dal | -denee/danaa |
3 | -eset/asat | -esetel/asatal | -esetenee/asatanaa |
Transitive
The agent and object of a transitive verb is realized through suffixes added to a verb stem.
(row = agent, column = object)
1.SG | 2.SG | 3.SG | 1.DU | 2.DU | 3.DU | 1.PL | 2.PL | 3.PL | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.SG | -ösen/osan | -den/dan | -eseten/asatan | -öselen/osalan | -delen/dalan | - esetelen/asatalan | -öseneeven/osanaajan | -deneeven/danaajan | -eseteneeven/asatanaajan |
2.SG | -ösyge/osuga | -dyge/duga | -esetyge/asatuga | -öselyge/osaluga | -delyge/daluga | -esetelyge/asataluga | -öseneevyge/osanaajuga | -deneevyge/danaajuga | -eseteneevyge/asatanaajuga |
3.SG | |||||||||
1.DU | |||||||||
2.DU | |||||||||
3.DU | |||||||||
1.PL | |||||||||
2.PL | |||||||||
3.PL |