Nodrostic: Difference between revisions

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===Intransitive===
===Intransitive===
The argument of an intransitive verb is realized through suffixes added to a verb stem.


{| class="wikitable" border=1
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || SG || DL || PL
! || SG || DL || PL
|-
|-
!1P
!1
| -ös/os || -ösel/osal || -ösenee/osanaa
| -ös/os || -ösel/osal || -ösenee/osanaa
|-
|-
!2P
!2
| -d || -del/dal || -denee/danaa
| -d || -del/dal || -denee/danaa
|-
|-
!3P
!3
| -eset/asat || -esetel/asatal || -esetenee/asatanaa
| -eset/asat || -esetel/asatal || -esetenee/asatanaa
|-
|-
Line 108: Line 110:
===Transitive===
===Transitive===


row = agent
The agent and object of a transitive verb is realized through suffixes added to a verb stem.
column = object
 
''(row = agent, column = object)''


{| class="wikitable" border=1
{| class="wikitable" border=1
! || 1P_SG || 2P_SG || 3P_SG || 1P_DL || 2P_DL || 3P_DL || 1P_PL || 2P_PL || 3P_PL
! || 1.SG || 2.SG || 3.SG || 1.DU || 2.DU || 3.DU || 1.PL || 2.PL || 3.PL
|-
|-
!1P_SG
!1.SG
| -ösen/osan || -den/dan || -eseten/asatan || -öselen/osalan || -delen/dalan || - esetelen/asatalan || -öseneeven/osanaajan || -deneeven/danaajan || -eseteneeven/asatanaajan
| -ösen/osan || -den/dan || -eseten/asatan || -öselen/osalan || -delen/dalan || - esetelen/asatalan || -öseneeven/osanaajan || -deneeven/danaajan || -eseteneeven/asatanaajan
|-
|-
!2P_SG
!2.SG
| -ösyge/osuga || -dyge/duga || -esetyge/asatuga || -öselyge/osaluga || -delyge/daluga || -esetelyge/asataluga || -öseneevyge/osanaajuga || -deneevyge/danaajuga || -eseteneevyge/asatanaajuga
| -ösyge/osuga || -dyge/duga || -esetyge/asatuga || -öselyge/osaluga || -delyge/daluga || -esetelyge/asataluga || -öseneevyge/osanaajuga || -deneevyge/danaajuga || -eseteneevyge/asatanaajuga
|-
|-
!3P_SG
!3.SG
|  
|  
|-
|-
!1P_DL
!1.DU
|
|
|-
|-
!2P_DL
!2.DU
|  
|  
|-
|-
!3P_DL
!3.DU
|  
|  
|-
|-
!1P_PL
!1.PL
|
|
|-
|-
!2P_PL
!2.PL
|  
|  
|-
|-
!3P_PL
!3.PL
|  
|  
|-
|-

Revision as of 14:54, 11 May 2014

Nodrostaj

Phonology & Orthography

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Plosive /p b/ p b /t d/ t d /k g/ c g /q ɢ/ c g /ʔ/ x
Affricate /ts/ ç /tʃ/
Nasal /m/ m /n/ n /ŋ/ ng /ɴ/ ng
Trill /r/ r
Fricative /f/ f /θ/ z /s/ s /ʃ/ ś /x/ k /χ/ k /h/ h
Lateral Fricative /ɮ/ l
Approximant /ʋ/ v /j/ j
  • /p t k q/ are realized as [p̚ t̚ k̚ q̚] word finally
  • /b d g ɢ/ are realized as [β ð ɣ ʁ] after a vowel and before another vowel, a sibilant, or a liquid
  • /k ɡ ŋ x/ and /q ɢ ɴ χ/ are in complementary distribution with the former occurring in a syllable containing front vowels and the latter occurring in a syllable containing back vowels
  • /hm hn hŋ hɴ hr hɮ/ are realized as [m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ ɴ̥ r̥ ɬ]
  • /r ɮ/ are realized as [r̥ ɬ] word finally
  • geminated consonants are represented by doubling the consonants

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close /iː yː/ ii yy /uː/ uu
Near-close /ɪ ʏ/ i y /ʊ/ u
Close-mid /eː øː/ ee öö /oː/ oo
Open-mid /ɛ œ/ e ö /ɜː/ aa /ɔ/ o
Open /a/ a
  • when unstressed, vowels become more central
  • /a/ and /ɜː/ is realized as [ɑ] and [ʌː], respectively, when before or after a uvular consonant

Vowel Harmony

The vowel harmony of Nodrostic is based on front/back harmony.

Front e ee ö öö y yy
Back a aa o oo u uu
Neutral i ii
  • a word whose vowels are only i or ii would take the front variants' affixing

Syllable Structure & Phonotactics

Morphology

Nouns

Verbs

Intransitive

The argument of an intransitive verb is realized through suffixes added to a verb stem.

SG DL PL
1 -ös/os -ösel/osal -ösenee/osanaa
2 -d -del/dal -denee/danaa
3 -eset/asat -esetel/asatal -esetenee/asatanaa

Transitive

The agent and object of a transitive verb is realized through suffixes added to a verb stem.

(row = agent, column = object)

1.SG 2.SG 3.SG 1.DU 2.DU 3.DU 1.PL 2.PL 3.PL
1.SG -ösen/osan -den/dan -eseten/asatan -öselen/osalan -delen/dalan - esetelen/asatalan -öseneeven/osanaajan -deneeven/danaajan -eseteneeven/asatanaajan
2.SG -ösyge/osuga -dyge/duga -esetyge/asatuga -öselyge/osaluga -delyge/daluga -esetelyge/asataluga -öseneevyge/osanaajuga -deneevyge/danaajuga -eseteneevyge/asatanaajuga
3.SG
1.DU
2.DU
3.DU
1.PL
2.PL
3.PL

Syntax