Proto-Yarkhic

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labio-velar	Uvular
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ		(ɴ)
Tenuis plosive	p	t	c	k		q
Voiced plosive	b	d	ɟ	g		ɢ
Ejective plosive	pʼ	tʼ	cʼ	kʼ		qʼ
Implosive	ɓ	ɗ	ʄ	ɠ		ʛ
Fricative		s
Trill		r				(ʀ)
Approximant		l	j		w

Spelling

• p t c k q /p t c k q/
• pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ /ph th ch kh qh/
• pʼ tʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ /p̕ t̕ c̕ k̕ q̕/
• b d ɟ g ɢ /b d j g ġ/
• bʰ dʰ ɟʰ gʰ ɢʰ /bh dh jh gh ġh/
• ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ /b̕ d̕ j̕ g̕ ġ̕/
• s /s/
• m n ɲ ŋ~ɴ /m n ṇ ŋ/
• r~ʀ l /r l/
• j w /y w/

Vowels

	Front	Central		Back
		Unrounded	Rounded
Close	iː			uː
Near-Close		ɪ	ʊ
Mid-Close	eː	ɘ	ɵ	oː
Mid-Open	ɛː	ɜ	ɞ	ɔː
Open		ä äː

Spelling

• iː uː /í ú/
• eː oː /é ó/
• ɛː ɔː /ê ô/
• äː /a/

• ɪ ʊ /i u/
• ɘ ɵ /e o/
• ɜ ɞ /è ò/
• ä /a/

Phonotactics

(C)(C)V(ː)(R/s)(C)

Accent

• Acute accent on initial syllable.

Grammar

Nouns

• nominative-accusative alignment with marked nominative
• 3A secundative alignment (S/A = Nominative, D = Pegative, P/R = Accusative, T = Instrumental)
• 8 cases (suffixal): Nominative, Pegative, Accusative, Instrumental, Genitive, Ablative, Allative, Benefactive
• noun class system (suffixal): Animate, Inanimate
• number combined with noun class: singular, paucal, plural
• definiteness (articles): Gnomic, Indefinite, Definite proper, Definite distant
• nominal tense (suffixal): past, present, future

Verbs

• aspects (suffixal): Perfective-Imperfective + Frequentative, Momentane
• voices (infixal): Active, Reflexive vs Causative
• three subjective and objective persons (suffixal)
• three moods (cliticized): Indicative, Conditional, Subjunctive
• negative verb

Adjectives

• adjectives are replaced by stative verbs and describing nouns.
• degrees of intensify are instead degrees of comparison.

Pronouns

• clusivity in 1. person
• obviative

Adpositions

• prepositions

Syntax

• SOV
• head-final