Tilde: Difference between revisions

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(Merged this article with Natlang Uses of Tilde)
(Did some restructuring of the article)
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! Letters
! Letters
! Notes
! Notes
|-
| Change of [[Wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
| [[Basque]], [[Spanish]]
| Ññ /ɲ/
| Stems from an older Nn nn in Spanish. Basque borrowed the usage from Spanish.
|-
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Glottalization|Glottalized]] vowel
| [[Wikipedia:Glottalization|Glottalized]] vowel
| [[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_language|Vietnamese]]
| [[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_language|Vietnamese]]
| Ãã /aˀː˧˥/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ẽẽ /ɛˀ˧˥/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ĩĩ /iˀ˧˥/, Õõ /ɔˀ˧˥/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ỡỡ /əˀː˧˥/, Ũũ /uˀ˧˥/, Ữữ /ɨˀ˧˥/, Ỹỹ /iˀ˧˥/
| Ãã /aˀː˧˥/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ẽẽ /ɛˀ˧˥/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ĩĩ /iˀ˧˥/, Õõ /ɔˀ˧˥/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ỡỡ /əˀː˧˥/, Ũũ /uˀ˧˥/, Ữữ /ɨˀ˧˥/, Ỹỹ /iˀ˧˥/
| The tilde stands for mid rising tone interrupted by a glottal stop.{{ref|Vietnamese_tones}} There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.{{ref|Vietnamese_orthography}}
| The tilde stands for mid rising tone interrupted by a glottal stop.<ref name=vietnamese_tones>[[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_language#Tones_2|Vietnamese language, Language variation, Tones]] at Wikipedia.</ref> There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.<ref name=vietnamese_orthography>[[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_orthography#Pronunciation|Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation]] at Wikipedia.</ref>
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Nasalization|Nasalization]]
| [[Wikipedia:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]
| Ãã, Õõ
| They stem from older Aⁿ aⁿ, Oⁿ oⁿ.
|-
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Roundedness|Unrounded vowel]]
| [[Wikipedia:Roundedness|Unrounded vowel]]
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| [[Wikipedia:ISO_15919|ISO 15919]] romanization of Indic scripts
| [[Wikipedia:ISO_15919|ISO 15919]] romanization of Indic scripts
| Ññ
| Ññ
| Ññ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic [[Wikipedia:Anusvara|anusvāra]] before palatal consonants.{{ref|ISO_15919}}
| Ññ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic [[Wikipedia:Anusvara|anusvāra]] before palatal consonants.<ref name=iso_15919>[[Wikipedia:ISO_15919#Comparison_with_UNRSGN_and_IAST|ISO 15919, Comparison with UNRSGN and IAST]] at Wikipedia.</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
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|
|
|}
|}
The '''tilde''' is a variable-use diacritic.


Unicode recognizes the following precomposed tilde-appended letters: ''ã ẽ ĩ ɫ ñ õ ũ ṽ ỹ''
== Tilde in Conlangs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Uses of Tilde
! Use
! Language
! Letters
! Notes
|-
| Change of [[Wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
| [[Quenya]]
| Ññ /ŋ/
|
|}


The two most common uses originate from the Iberian peninsula:
== Tilde in Phonetic Transcriptions ==
* '''Nasalization'''
{| class="wikitable"
** [[Portuguese]] marks its nasal vowels by ''ã õ'' (from older ''aⁿ oⁿ'').
|+ Uses of Tilde
** Inspired by this, the [[IPA]] marks [[nasalization]] of any segment with a superscript tilde, as in [ã].
! Use
** Several other nat- and conlangs follow suit.
! Transcription system
* '''Palatalization'''
! Notes
** [[Spanish]] ''ñ'' (from older ''nn'') represents a [[palatal nasal]] /ɲ/.
|-
** This has also been adpoted for [[Basque]].
| [[Wikipedia:Nasalization|Nasalization]]
 
| [[Wikipedia:International_phonetic_alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)
Other uses include:
| Used for both nasalized vowels and nasalized consonants.
* '''Emphasis'''
|}
** Older IPA standards use a middle tilde for [[velarization]] or [[pharyngealization]]. This still survives in ''[[ɫ]]''.
** Transcription of [[Quenya]] uses ''ñ'' to represent a [[velar nasal]] /ŋ/.
* '''Derounding''': [[Estonian]] uses ''õ'' to represent a [[close-mid back unrounded vowel]] /ɤ/.
* '''Tone''': Falling tone in ancient [[Greek]] is sometimes marked with a tilde (the usual diacritic is [[circumflex]]).


== See Also ==
== See Also ==
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== References ==
== References ==
# {{note|Vietnamese_tones}} [[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_language#Tones_2|Vietnamese tones]] at Wikipedia.
<references/>
# {{note|Vietnamese_orthography}} [[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_orthography#Pronunciation|Vietnamese orthography]] at Wikipedia.
<br>
# {{note|ISO_15919}} [[Wikipedia:ISO_15919#Comparison_with_UNRSGN_and_IAST|ISO 15919]] at Wikipedia.
 
[[Category:Natscripts]]
[[Category:Natscripts]]
[[Category:Orthography]]
[[Category:Orthography]]

Revision as of 10:18, 19 February 2013

Tilde in Unicode

Characters with Tilde
~ ˜ ​ ◌̃ Ã ã Ẫ ẫ Ẵ ẵ Ẽ ẽ Ễ ễ
U+007E U+02DC U+0303 ​ U+00C3 U+00E3 ​ U+1EAA U+1EAB U+1EB4 U+1EB5 U+1EBC U+1EBD U+1EC4 U+1EC5
Tilde Small Tilde Combining Tilde Latin Capital Letter A With Tilde Latin Small Letter A With Tilde Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Tilde Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Tilde Latin Capital Letter E With Tilde Latin Small Letter E With Tilde Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde
Note: May be confused with swung dash, ⁓ (U+2053).
Ĩ ĩ Ñ ñ Õ õ Ȭ ȭ Ṍ ṍ Ṏ ṏ Ỗ
U+0128 U+0129 ​ U+00D1 U+00F1 U+00D5 U+00F5 U+022C U+022D U+1E4C U+1E4D U+1E4E U+1E4F U+1ED6
Latin Capital Letter I With Tilde Latin Small Letter I With Tilde Latin Capital Letter N With Tilde Latin Small Letter N With Tilde Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde Latin Small Letter O With Tilde Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Macron Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Macron Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Acute Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Acute Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde
ỗ Ỡ ỡ Ũ ũ Ṹ ṹ Ữ ữ Ṽ ṽ Ỹ ỹ
U+1ED7 U+1EE0 U+1EE1 U+0168 U+0169 U+1E78 U+1E79 U+1EEE U+1EEF U+1E7C U+1E7D U+1EF8 U+1EF9
Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Tilde Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Tilde Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde Latin Small Letter U With Tilde Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde And Acute Latin Small Letter U With Tilde And Acute Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Tilde Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Tilde Latin Capital Letter V With Tilde Latin Small Letter V With Tilde Latin Capital Letter Y With Tilde Latin Small Letter Y With Tilde

Tilde in Natlangs

Uses of Tilde
Use Language Letters Notes
Change of place of articulation Basque, Spanish Ññ /ɲ/ Stems from an older Nn nn in Spanish. Basque borrowed the usage from Spanish.
Glottalized vowel Vietnamese Ãã /aˀː˧˥/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ẽẽ /ɛˀ˧˥/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ĩĩ /iˀ˧˥/, Õõ /ɔˀ˧˥/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ỡỡ /əˀː˧˥/, Ũũ /uˀ˧˥/, Ữữ /ɨˀ˧˥/, Ỹỹ /iˀ˧˥/ The tilde stands for mid rising tone interrupted by a glottal stop.[1] There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.[2]
Nasalization Portuguese Ãã, Õõ They stem from older Aⁿ aⁿ, Oⁿ oⁿ.
Unrounded vowel Estonian Õõ /ɤ/
Other ISO 15919 romanization of Indic scripts Ññ Ññ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic anusvāra before palatal consonants.[3]
Livonian Õõ /ɨ/, Ȭȭ /ɨː/

Tilde in Conlangs

Uses of Tilde
Use Language Letters Notes
Change of place of articulation Quenya Ññ /ŋ/

Tilde in Phonetic Transcriptions

Uses of Tilde
Use Transcription system Notes
Nasalization International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Used for both nasalized vowels and nasalized consonants.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Vietnamese language, Language variation, Tones at Wikipedia.
  2. ↑ Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation at Wikipedia.
  3. ↑ ISO 15919, Comparison with UNRSGN and IAST at Wikipedia.


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