Fith

Fith
Spoken in:	Planet Fithia
Conworld:
Total speakers:
Genealogical classification:	Fithian Fith
Basic word order:	stack-based
Morphological type:	isolating
Morphosyntactic alignment:
Created by:
Jeffrey Henning	1997-2005

Fith is a stack-based alien language invented by Jeffrey Henning. It is spoken by centauroid sapient marsupials on the planet Fithia.

LIFO Grammar

The grammar of Fith is based on a stack, which operates by the LIFO principle: last in, first out. Like, for instance, a stack of cards on which you can put a card on the top, or remove a card from the top.

Consider the sentence hong zhong lin lo rumn shkrung e 'The loyal man of the nation deactivates the robot'. The first word, the noun hong, is pushed onto the stack:

hong

'man'

The second is also a noun which is likewise pushed onto the stack:

hong	'man'
zhong	'nation'

The next word, lin, is an adjective. This results in the top item being modified:

hong lin	'loyal man'
zhong	'nation'

The fourth word, lo 'of', is a postposition which pops the two top elements from the stack and pushes a modified noun phrase onto it:

zhong hong lin lo

'loyal man of the nation'

The next word is a noun which is pushed onto the stack:

rumn	'robot'
zhong hong lin lo	'loyal man of the nation'

This is followed by a verb, in this case a transitive one, which takes two arguments and combines them into a clause that is placed on the stack:

zhong hong lin lo rumn shkrung

'The loyal man of the nation deactivates the robot'

Finally, the stack conjunction e finishes the sentence and pops it from the stack. As long as the e is not uttered, the sentence is still "under construction".

Stack conjunctions

But that is not all. There are numerous stack conjunctions by which a Fith speaker can manipulate the stack.

Form	Meaning
nyun	Placeholder, used with several stack conjunctions.
drumh	Combines everything above the last nyun into an 'and' series ('X, Y, and Z').
tuumnh	Combines everything above the last nyun into an 'either-or' series ('one of X, Y, and Z').
dwoumnh	Combines everything above the last nyun into an 'neither-nor' series ('none of X, Y, and Z').
du	Duplicates the top stack item.
kuu	Duplicates the top two stack items.
voi	Copies the item below the top stack item to the top.
dzhi	Copies the stack item above nyun to the top of the stack.
shen	Swaps the top two stack items.
ronh	Rotates the top three stack items, with the third-from-top item moving to the top.
lonh	Rotates the top three stack items in the opposite direction.
frong	Drops the top stack item.
bom	Removes the second-from-top stack item.
skuunh	Clears the whole stack.
e	Removes the top item as a sentence.
i	Removes the top item as a sentence introducing detail (':').
o	Removes the top item as a question.
u	Removes the top item as an exclamation.
strunh	Reminds the listener of how deep his stack should be. (The top item must be a numeral.)

External link

Fith: The Alien Language With A LIFO Grammar (archived)