Mekoshan: Difference between revisions

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| alignment = Accusative
| alignment = Accusative
| author = Taylor Selseth
| author = Taylor Selseth
| date = 2011 C.E.
| date = 2012 C.E.
| background = white
| background = white
| headingbg = #B5EAAA
| headingbg = #B5EAAA
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||Nasals||'''m mh'''||'''n nh ñ ñh'''|| || ||
||Nasals||'''m mh'''||'''n nh ñ ñh'''|| || ||
|-
|-
||Fricatives, unvoiced||'''f'''||'''s š'''||'''kh qh fr/rf'''||'''h'''||
||Fricatives, unvoiced||'''f'''||'''s š'''||'''kh qh/hr fr/rf'''||'''h'''||
|-
|-
||Fricatives, voiced||'''v'''||'''z ž'''||'''r'''|| ||
||Fricatives, voiced||'''v'''||'''z ž'''||'''r'''|| ||
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==Allophony and Morphophonology==
==Allophony and Morphophonology==


===Vowels===
All vowels become lower and/or more back in quality when adjacent to uvular pharyngeal, and pharyngealized consonants. The vowel allophony is thus:<br>
<br>
/a e i o u/ > [ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ]<br>
/aː eː iː oː uː/ > [ɑː ɛː ɪː ɔː ʊː]<br>
/ai au ei eu oi ou/ > [ɑɘ ɑo æɘ æo ɒɘ ɒo]<br>
===Consonants===
Unaspirated plosives and affricates are voiced when in between vowels or adjacent to a voiced consonant.<br>
Unaspirated plosives and affricates are voiced when in between vowels or adjacent to a voiced consonant.<br>
Coda /n n̥/ assimilate in POA to a following consonant.<br>
Coda /n n̥/ assimilate in POA to a following consonant.<br>
/l/ is velarized when adjacent to a back vowel.<br>
/l/ is velarized when adjacent to a back vowel.<br>
===Morphophonology===
Morphemes starting or ending with /ħ ʕ/ trigger the following assimilation in adjacent consonants and the dropping of /ħ ʕ/:<br>
<br>
<br>
/p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ/ > /qʷ qʷʰ r r̥ q qʰ/<br>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ/ > /χʷ w sˤ zˤ sˤ zˤ χ ʕ/<br>
/ʦ ʦʰ ʧ ʧʰ/ > /ʦˤ ʦˤʰ ʦˤ ʦˤʰ/<br>
/j/ > /ɣ/<br>


=Grammar=
=Grammar=
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|| ||Generic||Indefinite||Definite SG||Definite PL
|| ||Generic||Indefinite||Definite SG||Definite PL
|-
|-
||Nominative||Ø||Ø||de||do
||Nominative||Ø||Ø||dhe||dho
|-
|-
||Accusative||da/d'||da||dead||doad
||Accusative||dha/dh'||dha||dhai||dhau
|-
|-
||Genitive||o/ov||ov||ööd||ood
||Genitive||o/ov||ov||od||aud
|-
|-
||Dative||ta/t'||ta||tead||toad
||Dative||ta/t'||ta||tē||tō
|-
|-
||Benifactive||fr'/fra||fra||fread||froad
||Benifactive||fr'/fra||fra||frē||frō
|-
|-
||Locative||ę/ęn||ęę||ęęd||ǫǫd
||Locative||en/n'||en||ne||no
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|| ||1st. Person||2nd. Person||3rd. Masculine||3rd. Feminine||3rd Neuter
|| ||1st. Person||2nd. Person||3rd. Masculine||3rd. Feminine||3rd Neuter
|-
|-
||Singular||maa||ör||šez||hra||žes
||Singular||mè||ör||hez||hra||es
|-
|-
||Plural||ar||yaa||der||der||der
||Plural||ar||vör||dher||dher||dher
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 13:45, 10 June 2012

Mekoshan
Maxoŝ
Spoken in: USA
Conworld: Future
Total speakers: 50 Million
Genealogical classification: Germanic
Anglo-Frisian
American
Mekoshan
Basic word order: VSO
Morphological type: Fusional
Morphosyntactic alignment: Accusative
Writing system:
Created by:
Taylor Selseth 2012 C.E.

Mekoshan is a descendant of English spoken in the American Midwest.

Phonology

IPA

Labial Coronal Dorsal Glottal
Plosives, Plain p t̪ t ʦ ʧ k q qʷ
Plosives, aspirated pʰ t̪ʰ tʰ ʦʰ ʧʰ kʰ qʰ qʷʰ
Nasals m m̥ n n̥ ɲ ɲ̥
Fricatives, unvoiced f s ʃ x χ χʷ h
Fricatives, voiced v z ʒ ʁ
Other w l r r̥ j
Front Central Back Diphthong
High i iː y yː u uː
Mid-High e ø o
Mid eː øː oː ɛu ɔi
Mid-Low ɛ œ ɔ
Low a aː ɑ ai au

Orthography

Labial Coronal Dorsal Glottal
Plosives, Plain b dh d dz j g x br/rb
Plosives, aspirated p th t ts c k q pr/rp
Nasals m mh n nh ñ ñh
Fricatives, unvoiced f s š kh qh/hr fr/rf h
Fricatives, voiced v z ž r
Other w/rv l r y
Front Central Back Diphthong
High i ī ü ű u ū
Mid-High e/ri ö/rü o/ru
Mid ē ő ō ɛu ɔi
Mid-Low è/re ȍ/rö ò/ro
Low a ā ra ai au


Allophony and Morphophonology

Unaspirated plosives and affricates are voiced when in between vowels or adjacent to a voiced consonant.
Coda /n n̥/ assimilate in POA to a following consonant.
/l/ is velarized when adjacent to a back vowel.

Grammar

Like many Anglic languages, Mekoshan is a moderately synthetic, fusional laguage with a bias towards prefixes in it's verbs.

The Noun Phrase

The noun phrase has the following structure:

1. Preposition
2. Article
3. Possessive Determiner
4. Demonstrative, or numeral
5. Adjective(s)
6. Noun

Articles

There are definite, indefinite, and generic article, all of which inflect for case and number. The generic article is derived from the reanalysis of prepositions, and is highly syncretic with the Indefinite. The article is simply omitted in the Generic and Indefinite Nominative

In the following chart, some article forms differ depending on if the following word begins with a consonant or vowel, the vowel form follows the consonant form.

Generic Indefinite Definite SG Definite PL
Nominative Ø Ø dhe dho
Accusative dha/dh' dha dhai dhau
Genitive o/ov ov od aud
Dative ta/t' ta tē tō
Benifactive fr'/fra fra frē frō
Locative en/n' en ne no

Possessive Determiners

Possessive determiners, also called possessive adjectives or adjectival genitive pronouns, indicate who or what possesses a noun: "my shirt", "her house"

1st. Person 2nd. Person 3rd. Masculine 3rd. Feminine 3rd Neuter
Singular mè ör hez hra es
Plural ar vör dher dher dher

Nouns and Adjectives

Nouns inflect for number. For most nouns the plural is formed by a -s, -z, or -az suffix in voicing agreement with the preceding consonant, if any. Some nouns are formed by mutation of the final consonant with or without the normal plural suffix. 4 nouns retain the old Germanic Umlaut: Men, Womn, Mos, and Gus; meaning man, woman, mouse, and goose.

tö - töz = toy - toys
brekh - brek = brick - bricks
cref - crep = trap - traps
men - man = man - men

Adjectives only inflect for the comparative and superlative forms.
Comparative: mor*-

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