Adûnaic: Difference between revisions
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'''Adûnaic''' is the language of the Men of Númenor (a lost island kingdom inspired by Plato's [[Atlantis]]) in the epic ''The Silmarillion'' by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. This language, | '''Adûnaic''' is the language of the Men of Númenor (a lost island kingdom inspired by Plato's [[Atlantis]]) in the epic ''The Silmarillion'' by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. This language, excepting the [[Quendian|Elvish]] languages, is the only language of Tolkien for which he has left us a grammar sketch, as far as published material goes (found in ''The History of Middle-earth 9: Sauron Defeated''). | ||
=Adûnaic Grammar= | |||
==Word roots== | |||
The language uses triconsonantal roots (similar to Semitic), but with the difference that each root also has a vowel associated with it which appears in all forms of the word. The same consonant base with a different ''characteristic vowel'' is a different root. The characteristic vowel normally appears between the first and the second consonant of the root, but it can be moved elsewhere. | The language uses triconsonantal roots (similar to Semitic), but with the difference that each root also has a vowel associated with it which appears in all forms of the word. The same consonant base with a different ''characteristic vowel'' is a different root. The characteristic vowel normally appears between the first and the second consonant of the root, but it can be moved elsewhere. | ||
==Nouns and Genders== | |||
Nouns have four genders: masculine, feminine, common and neuter. Each noun has a ''normal'' form, a ''subjective'' form (a marked nominative), and an ''objective'' form used in compounds. Further case relations are expressed by postpositions. The vocabulary contains many loanwords from [[Quenya]]. | Nouns have four genders: masculine, feminine, common and neuter. Each noun has a ''normal'' form, a ''subjective'' form (a marked nominative), and an ''objective'' form used in compounds. Further case relations are expressed by postpositions. The vocabulary contains many loanwords from [[Quenya]]. | ||
=Descendants of Adûnaic= | |||
Adûnaic has several descendants spoken in Third Age [[Middle-earth]], most notably [[Westron]]. | Adûnaic has several descendants spoken in Third Age [[Middle-earth]], most notably [[Westron]]. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/adunaic.htm Adûnaic] | *[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/adunaic.htm Adûnaic] at Ardalambion | ||
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20071013054145/http://www.langmaker.com/db/Ad%C3%BBnaic The page at LangMaker] | |||
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20100407021502/http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/adunaic.htm A page which details the language's vocabulary and grammar] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Middle-earth]] | [[Category:Middle-earth]] | ||
Revision as of 14:26, 16 October 2011
Adûnaic is the language of the Men of Númenor (a lost island kingdom inspired by Plato's Atlantis) in the epic The Silmarillion by J. R. R. Tolkien. This language, excepting the Elvish languages, is the only language of Tolkien for which he has left us a grammar sketch, as far as published material goes (found in The History of Middle-earth 9: Sauron Defeated).
Adûnaic Grammar
Word roots
The language uses triconsonantal roots (similar to Semitic), but with the difference that each root also has a vowel associated with it which appears in all forms of the word. The same consonant base with a different characteristic vowel is a different root. The characteristic vowel normally appears between the first and the second consonant of the root, but it can be moved elsewhere.
Nouns and Genders
Nouns have four genders: masculine, feminine, common and neuter. Each noun has a normal form, a subjective form (a marked nominative), and an objective form used in compounds. Further case relations are expressed by postpositions. The vocabulary contains many loanwords from Quenya.
Descendants of Adûnaic
Adûnaic has several descendants spoken in Third Age Middle-earth, most notably Westron.
