Proto-Uralic/new: Difference between revisions

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Line 23: Line 23:
| "to go"
| "to go"
| *mene- || *mɤnɤ- || - || style="color:red"| '''*mije-''' || ''*mun(ɨ)-'' || ''mën-'' || *min- || *men- || *mên-
| *mene- || *mɤnɤ- || - || style="color:red"| '''*mije-''' || ''*mun(ɨ)-'' || ''mën-'' || *min- || *men- || *mên-
| Ma. cf. Kar. '''mäne-'''
|-
|-
| "to do"
| "to do"
Line 33: Line 34:
|-
|-
| "to take"
| "to take"
| *vee- || ''*víkɤ-'' <!--*i/uxi > *í/úki is regular-->|| ''vije-'' || - || ''*vaj(ɨ)-'' <!-- i\ in Udmurt-->|| '''vi-''' || *wi- || *we- || '''*ü-'''
| *vee- || ''*vīkɤ-'' <!--*i/uxi > *í/úki is regular-->|| ''vije-'' || - || ''*vaj(ɨ)-'' <!-- i\ in Udmurt-->|| '''vi-''' || *wi- || *we- || '''*ü-'''
| *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
| *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
|-
|-
| "owl"
| "owl"
| style="color:red"| '''*hüüp-''' || *ɤpɤké || - || - || - || - || *jipəɣ || *jepəɣ || -
| style="color:red"| '''*hüüp-''' || *ɤpɤkē || - || - || - || - || *jipəɣ || *jepəɣ || -
| Onomatopoetics in F.?
| Onomatopoetics in F.?
|-
|-
Line 81: Line 82:
|-
|-
| "to stretch"
| "to stretch"
| *venü- || *vɤnɤ- || veńeme- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *venü- || *vɤnɤ- || veńeme- || - || - || - || - || - || ''*wênä''
| Smy "rope"
|-
|-
| "boat"
| "boat"
Line 125: Line 127:
|-
|-
| "matter"
| "matter"
| - || *séjɤ || sij || *šü || *śiś <!--U. śis ~ K. siś-->|| eev || style="color:red"| *säj || *ɬöj || *tiəj
| - || *sējɤ || sij || *šü || *śiś <!--U. śis ~ K. siś-->|| eev || style="color:red"| *säj || *ɬöj || *tiəj
| *sexji
| *sexji
|-
|-
| "7"
| "7"
| *sejcem || *čéčɤm || śiśem || *səm || *śiźɨm || - || - || - || -
| *sejcem || *čēčɤm || śiśem || *səm || *śiźɨm || - || - || - || -
| ← IE?
| ← IE?
|-
|-
Line 140: Line 142:
|-
|-
| "lichen on trees"
| "lichen on trees"
| - || *jévjɤmé || - || - || - || - || - || *jej || ''*jüjə''
| - || *jēvjɤmē || - || - || - || - || - || *jej || ''*jüjə''
| Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
| Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
|-
|-
Line 152: Line 154:
|-
|-
| "brother"
| "brother"
| *velji || *véljɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *velji || *vēljɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Short! ← IE?
| Short! ← IE?
|-
|-
| "clear"
| "clear"
| *selke- || *čélkɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *selke- || *čēlkɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Liv. <font color="red">sieldɤ</font>. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
| Liv. <font color="red">sieldɤ</font>. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
|-
|-
Line 168: Line 170:
|-
|-
| "mushroom"
| "mushroom"
| *seeni || ''*čáná'' || - || *šeen || U. śeńki|| - || style="color:green"| *šiinəɣ || '''*säänəɣ''' || -
| *seeni || ''*čānā'' || - || *šeen || U. śeńki|| - || style="color:green"| *šiinəɣ || '''*säänəɣ''' || -
| *śExni ?
| *śExni ?
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "girl"
| "girl"
| *nejtVj || ''*néjtɤ'' || ''ni'' || - || *nɨl || - || *nii || *niiŋ || ''*nê''
| *nejtVj || ''*nējtɤ'' || ''ni'' || - || *nɨl || - || *nii || *niiŋ || ''*nê''
| Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
| Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "soul, breath, steam"
| "soul, breath, steam"
| *lewlü || ''*lévlɤ'' || - || - || *lool || leelek || *liil || *ɬiiɬ || -
| *lewlü || ''*lēvlɤ'' || - || - || *lool || leelek || *liil || *ɬiiɬ || -
| Wrt. S, cf. difthong
| Wrt. S, cf. difthong
|-
|-
Line 193: Line 195:
|-
|-
| "2"
| "2"
| (''*kakti'') || (''*kókté'') || (''kavta'') || (''kok'') || '''*kɨk''' || keet || ''*kit'' || '''*kiit''', käät || *kêtä
| (''*kakti'') || (''*kōktē'') || (''kavta'') || (''kok'') || '''*kɨk''' || keet || ''*kit'' || '''*kiit''', käät || *kêtä
| Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
| Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "to dodge"
| "to dodge"
| - || *kɤrvé- || - || - || - || kerül- || ''*kir-'' || *käärəɣ- || -
| - || *kɤrvē- || - || - || - || kerül- || ''*kir-'' || *käärəɣ- || -
| Ms. *i before a cluster?
| Ms. *i before a cluster?
|-
|-
| "to cook"
| "to cook"
| - || *pɤsé- || - || - || *pɤɤž- || - || *piit- || *pääɬ- || -
| - || *pɤsē- || - || - || *pɤɤž- || - || *piit- || *pääɬ- || -
| P. delabzn!? Cf. *pexi-
| P. delabzn!? Cf. *pexi-
|-
|-
| "(to) thin"
| "(to) thin"
| - || '''*keancé''' || - || - || - || keskëń || - || *käänť- || -
| - || '''*keancē''' || - || - || - || keskëń || - || *käänť- || -
| Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
| Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
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|-
|-
| "to sell"
| "to sell"
| ''*möö-'' || *mékɤ- || mije- || - || *med || - || *miɣ- || *me- || '''*mi-'''
| ''*möö-'' || *mēkɤ- || mije- || - || *med || - || *miɣ- || *me- || '''*mi-'''
| *mexi
| *mexi
|-
|-
| "nest"
| "nest"
| *pesä || *peasé || pizə || *pəžäš || *pooz ||style="color:red"| feesek || *pit || *peɬ || *pêtä
| *pesä || *peasē || pizə || *pəžäš || *pooz ||style="color:red"| feesek || *pit || *peɬ || *pêtä
|-
|-
| "4"
| "4"
| *neljä || *ńealjé || ńiĺe || *nɪl || ''*ńooĺ'' || neeɟ || *nilə || *ńeɬää || -
| *neljä || *ńealjē || ńiĺe || *nɪl || ''*ńooĺ'' || neeɟ || *nilə || *ńeɬää || -
| U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
| U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
|-
|-
| "thumb"
| "thumb"
| style="color:red"| '''*pewka-''' || *pealké || '''päĺkä''' || - || U. pɤlɨ ~ K. pel || - || - || - || *pêj
| style="color:red"| '''*pewka-''' || *pealkē || '''päĺkä''' || - || U. pɤlɨ ~ K. pel || - || - || - || *pêj
| ZERO regularity.
| ZERO regularity.
|}
|}

Revision as of 04:44, 5 November 2010

Two newly proposed vowels for PU.

  • *ê produces Finnic *e/*ü, Samic *ɤ, Mordvinic *e, Permic *oo; Mansi *i, Khanty *e, Samoyedic *ê > *i elsewhere, Nganasan /ɨ/
  • *ô produces Finnic *o/*i, Samic *o, Mordvinic *o;

Again, bold marks vocalic irregularities (except in Permic), red consonantal.

*ê

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ê_i (std. *e_i ?)
"to fear" *pel-kä- *pɤlɤ- peĺe- - *pool- feel- *pil- *pel- *pêj-
"blood" *veri *vɤrɤ veŕ *wʏr *vir veer *wiɣər *wer -
"water" *veci - veď *wʏt *vooð viiz *wit - *wêt ← IE?
"to go" *mene- *mɤnɤ- - *mije- *mun(ɨ)- mën- *min- *men- *mên- Ma. cf. Kar. mäne-
"to do" *teke- *tɤkɤ- teje~tije- - - tëv- *tij- *tej- - ← IE
"lip" - *pɤŋsɤm - - - - *piťem *peɬem *peptän -ms- ?
"to take" *vee- *vīkɤ- vije- - *vaj(ɨ)- vi- *wi- *we- *ü- *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
"owl" *hüüp- *ɤpɤkē - - - - *jipəɣ *jepəɣ - Onomatopoetics in F.?
"warm" E. eha NS áccagas eže- - - - *iš- - -
"bee" *mehi- - mekš *mükš *mooš meex - - - ← II
"honey" *meci - meď *müj *mooð meez - - - ← II
"skin" *keri *kɤrɤ keŕ *kʏr *koor keerëg *kiir *käär - ObU *kEr
"skin" *keci *kɤtɤ keď - - - - - *kêt Cf. prev; also *käðʲi → P. *kiĺ, Ms. *kääĺən
"to must" - *kɤlkɤ- keĺge- Me. küle- ~ Hi. kele- *kool- kell- - - - Cf. IE. Check if not *i?
"exchange" *vero - veŕe-nc *werć- U. vur - - *weer -
"handle" - *nɤvtɤ - - *nud - - - - *-ŋt-. Check if not *i
"middle" *keski *kɤskɤ keska - *koos - - - -
"throat" *kero *kɤrɤs - - *goor - - - -
"to wash" *pese- *pɤsɤ- pezo- - - - - - - ← IE
"to stretch" *venü- *vɤnɤ- veńeme- - - - - - *wênä Smy "rope"
"boat" *veneh *vɤnɤs veńeš - - - - - -
"to be in time" *ehti- *ɤstɤ- - *əšte- K. eštɨ- - - - - K. ← F?
"leaf" *lehti *lɤstɤ - *ləštaš - - - - - ← IE
"work" *töö - ťev - - - - - - *têwi; cf. *têki
"lime, bast" *lehmus - ĺevos - - - - - -
"dove" F metti- ~ E meikka- - meče - - - - - -
"pestle" *petkel - peťkeĺ - - - - - -
"feather" *hewhen *sɤvsɤm - - - - - - - NB difthong! Newer loan? -n ~ -m doesn't match
"to tear" *repe- *rɤpɤ- - - - - - - -
"next" *enti *ɤvtɤ - - - - - - - *-ŋt-
*e_i in *ê-system (all old cases long or difthongal? see also *äx, *e_a)
"to cook" - - pije- - K. pu- (föö-) *pääj- - *pi- *pexi-; cf. *pEsa- !
"matter" - *sējɤ sij *šü *śiś eev *säj *ɬöj *tiəj *sexji
"7" *sejcem *čēčɤm śiśem *səm *śiźɨm - - - - ← IE?
"round" *kehkerä - kičkere *kə/ɤškär - - - -
"to drink" *seemV- - śime- - - - - - - (check if a loan)
"lichen on trees" - *jēvjɤmē - - - - - *jej *jüjə Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
"dog" *penVj *peanɤk pińe *pij ~ *pʊni *poon(ɨ) (fene) - - - Short! *e_a with Finnic *-j, Samic *-ik? H. "wild" may not belong
"brother" *velji *vēljɤ - - - - - - - Short! ← IE?
"clear" *selke- *čēlkɤ - - - - - - - Liv. sieldɤ. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
"to boil" *kee-, *kei- *kí- - *küa- - köve- - - -
""
*E_i (generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri)
"mushroom" *seeni *čānā - *šeen U. śeńki - *šiinəɣ *säänəɣ - *śExni ?
"to cut" *vejci - - - K. vɤź- vees- - *wäänť- - K. delabzn / loss of *ŋ? F. "knife"
"girl" *nejtVj *nējtɤ ni - *nɨl - *nii *niiŋ *nê Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
"to eat" *söö- - śeve- - *śooj ëv- *tii-, *tääj- *ɬii- *ti-mä Smy. "tooth". U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant & medial mismatch!
"soul, breath, steam" *lewlü *lēvlɤ - - *lool leelek *liil *ɬiiɬ - Wrt. S, cf. difthong
"front" *eti - - - - elöö *iil *iiɬ -
*E_a
"2" (*kakti) (*kōktē) (kavta) (kok) *kɨk keet *kit *kiit, käät *kêtä Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
"price" - - - - *doon - *tin *tään - (no evidence for a cluster)
"to dodge" - *kɤrvē- - - - kerül- *kir- *käärəɣ- - Ms. *i before a cluster?
"to cook" - *pɤsē- - - *pɤɤž- - *piit- *pääɬ- - P. delabzn!? Cf. *pexi-
"(to) thin" - *keancē - - - keskëń - *käänť- - Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
Finnic *öö is confusing
"to hit" *löö- - - *lüje- K. lɨj- löv- *li- - *jöw- *lêxi? *lêwi?
West *e; East *ê
"to sell" *möö- *mēkɤ- mije- - *med - *miɣ- *me- *mi- *mexi
"nest" *pesä *peasē pizə *pəžäš *pooz feesek *pit *peɬ *pêtä
"4" *neljä *ńealjē ńiĺe *nɪl *ńooĺ neeɟ *nilə *ńeɬää - U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
"thumb" *pewka- *pealkē päĺkä - U. pɤlɨ ~ K. pel - - - *pêj ZERO regularity.

*ô

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ô_i > F & Mo. *o, Ma. *a
"3" *kolmet *kolmɤ kolmo *kʊm #kuuiŋ haarom *kuurəm *kooɬəm - *-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
"minor river" *joki *jokɤ jov *joɣə *juu joo *jɯɯɣɯɯ - -
"major river" *juka - - *jooɣən *jəka for comparision
"dry" *koski *koškɤ- kośke- *kaškə- *k(w)ååś - - - *kåsə- F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid.
"birch bark vessel" *kosja "Ko. S" kočēk - - - - *kus *koťək - F. → NS guošši
"bow" *jouci *jōksɤ joŋks *jaŋež - iij *jaɣət *jooɣəɬ *jïntə *-ŋs-
"bosom" *povi *pōŋɤ Er. poŋgo
~ Mk. pov		 Hi. poŋgəš
~ Me. poməš		 *pi - *puut *poɣəɬ - Hang on, it's *uu ~ *o again
"snot" *nolki *snōlkɤ nolga - - ńaal - - - Or *o with Mo. irregular
"stick" *ponci - ponda *panðə U. pud ~ K. bed - - - -
"to sieve" *pohtVj- - ponžavto- - *poož- - - - -
"straw" *olki - olgo - - - - - -
"corner; to hide" *soppi - śopo- - - - - - -
"bear" *okci - ovto - - - - - - Cf. IE!
"to sink" *lonteh - londado- - - - - - -
*ô_a type 1 (substratal?)
"wet" *loppa - lopa-vto- *lʊp K. lap - - - -
"valley" *lotma - ložmo - - - - - - Phonotax non-Uralic
"shameful; lazy" *nolo - nola - - - - - -
*ô_a type 2
"I" *minä *mon mon *məń *mö(n) een *äm *mä *mən Two allomorphs may exist of each: *m/tina, *m/tun.
"thou" *cinä *ton ton *tiń *tö(n) te - - *tən
"bird" *lintu *lontē - *lʊðə - luud *luuntə *låånt -
"sleeve" *hija *soajē *sooj ujj *tɯɯjət *ɬɯɯt *tüəj
"sleeve" *hiha *sɤsē oža sokš F. / S. *h- by contam. with the prev.
"phloem" *nila *ńɤlɤ nola Me. nolo U. ńɤl ~ K. ńɯla - *ńål *ńaɬ -
"to curse" *kiro- *kɤrō- kor- - - - *kår- *koorəm *kərä- close to *u
"to wash" *liko- - - - - - *låwt- *loɣɯɯt- -
"to thro" *viska- - - - - - *wåśkə- *wośkə- - close to *u
"to scrape" *vito- *vɤcō- - - *vuušt- vaasik- *ašeɣ- *wooč- -
"skin" *iho *ɤsē jožo Hi. juž K. ež - - - - ← II *iza- ?!
"green, yellow,
poison, hate" 		*viha, *viherä - ožo *ʊžar *vöž - - - - NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
"to sharpen" *hijo- *sɤjē- šova- *šʊme- - - - - -
"to bind" *sito- - sodo- *šüðüš - - - - -
"yeast; foam" *hiiva - *šoŋ *šoŋ - - - - - F. ← B. *šiiva- "white"?
"to pluck" *kitke/o- *kɤckē- kočko- - - - - - - Cf. *kiske-
"to sit" *istu- (*i(š)tɤ-) oza- - - - - - - Unclear medial. S. ← F.
"price" *hinta - čonda - - - - - -
"pig" *cika - tuvo - - - - - - Mo. raising before -v-?
"surface, body" *pinta - ponda - U. ped - - - - Dubious semantics, F may be ← Gmc.
"ski" *sipakka *sɤpēkkē - - - - - - -
"to stretch" *piŋko- *pɤŋkē- - - - - - - - Or *i_a.
"brest" *rinta *rɤntē - - - - - - -
"rapid" *niva *ńɤvē - - - - - - - If not F. ← S.
""
""


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