Ancaron

Standard Ancaron Sitariancaronpotcor ()
Pronounced:	sitaɹiankaɹonpotkoɹ
Timeline/Universe:	DPM / Nacar
Species:	Ancaron
Spoken in:	Ancaron Empire (Ancaronbactari)
Total speakers:	52 trillion
Genealogical classification:	Antacar North Antacar Ancaron Sitariancaronpotcor
Writing system:	Cor () Marcor () Latin alphabet / Latancor ()
Typology
Basic word order:	OVS(O)
Morphological type:	agglutinating polysynthetic
Morphosyntactic alignment:	nominative-accusative
Created by:
Leech10	2007 (2009)

Phonology

Ancaron's syllable structure is (C)V(C).

Consonants

In the table, the letter on the left is the IPA value, the bolded, middle letter is the Latin (latancor) transcription, and on the right is the marcor letter.

	Labial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Velar
Nasal	m m		n n
Plosive	p p , b b		t t , d d	k c , g g
Frictive		f f , v v	s s , z z
Approximant			ɹ r
Lateral Approximant			l l

Vowels

In the bolded letter is the IPA value/Latin (latancor) transcription, with the letter on the right being the marcor letter.

	Front	Central	Back	Diphthongs
High	i		u	ia , ua , ue , ui
Mid-High	e		o	ea , ou
Low		a		ae , ai , ao

Grammar

Numbers

Numbers are in general read off from left to right as individual numerals

• vet

vet

one

one

• vetvan

vet-van

one-zero

ten

• vetvanviv

vet-van-viv

one-zero-five

one hundred and five

However larger numbers have their own words to help break up the list. Any zeros following these higher number words are ignored until a non-zero number is found.

• vuet

vuet

thousand

one thousand

• vetvervuetviv

vet-ver-vuet-viv

one-eight-thousand-five

eighteen thousand and five

• vetvervuetvivvan

vet-ver-vuet-viv-van

one-eight-thousand-five-zero

eighteen thousand and fifty

Adjectives

Adjectives immediately precede the word they modify.

• Tucboc

tuc-boc

old-rock

an old rock

Multiple adjectives stack, though the order of the adjectives does not matter

• Taintucboc

tain-tuc-boc

gray-old-rock

an old gray rock

• Tuctainboc

tuc-tain-boc

old-gray-rock

an old gray rock

Possessives

Possessives are formed by using a name or pronoun as an adjective, again word order does not matter.

• Muctaintucboc

muc-tain-tuc-boc

my-gray-old-rock

my old gray rock

• Taintucmucboc

tain-tuc-muc-boc

gray-old-my-rock

my old gray rock

Negation

Adjectives are negated by the use of the prefix "ta," which immediately precedes the adjective it negates.

• Tataintucmucboc

ta.tain-tuc-muc-boc

NEG.gray-old-my-rock

my old non-gray rock

• Taintuctamucboc

tain-tuc-ta.muc-boc

gray-old-NEG.my-rock

the old gray rock that isn't mine

Comparisons

The compartitive forms of adjectives are formed by adding the prefix "in" for positive comparisons, and "fen" for negative comparisons. Ancaron has no superlative forms for positive or negative comparisons. Like the negation prefix, these prefixes immediately precede the adjective they modify.

• Tainintucboc

tain-in-tuc-boc

gray-more-old-rock

the older gray rock

• Tainfentucboc

tain-fen-tuc-boc

gray-less-old-rock

the less old gray rock

Sentence forms of comparison are created using " padi " (with spaces) to link the two parts of the comparison together, and it is used for both "more than," "less than," and "as ___ as" comparisons.

• intucboc padi muc

in-tuc-boc padi muc

more-old-rock than me

a rock older than me

• fentucon padi muc

fen-tuc-on padi muc

less-old-person than me

a person younger than me

• tucon padi muc

tuc-on padi muc

old-person as me

a person as old as me

Intensification

Ancaron adjectives are intensified by the reduplication of the adjective in question. The reduplicated adjective must stay together as one part, but otherwise word order does not matter as with other adjectives.

• Taintucboc

tain-tuc-boc

gray-old-rock

the old gray rock

• Taintuctucboc

tain-tuc-tuc-boc

gray-old-old-rock

the very old gray rock

• Taintaintucboc

tain-tain-tuc-boc

gray-gray-old-rock

the very gray old rock

• Taintaintuctucboc

tain-tain-tuc-tuc-boc

gray-gray-old-old-rock

the very old, very gray rock

Verbs

Ancaron verbs mark the subject as a suffix and the direct object as a prefix, forming a OVS word order.

• Bocpunmuc.

boc-pun-muc

rock-hold-I

I hold a rock.

Tense

Ancaron has three tenses, past, present, and future. The tense marker immediately precedes the verb, falling after the object.

Present tense

The present tense marker is "dop," though it is optional as it is assumed if no tense markers are present. The present tense is used for any action that is currently happening.

• Bocdoppunmuc.

boc-dop.pun-muc

rock-PRS.hold-I

I hold a rock.

Future tense

The future tense marker is "civ." The future tense is used for any action that is not currently happening, but will be happening sometime in the future.

• Boccivpunmuc.

boc-civ.pun-muc

rock-FUT.hold-I

I will hold a rock.

Past tense

The past tense marker is "don." The past tense is used for any action that is not currently happening, but has already happened.

• Bocdonpunmuc.

boc-don.pun-muc

rock-PST.hold-I

I held a rock.

Negation

Like negation of adjectives, negation of verbs is done with the prefix "ta." The negative prefix precedes the tense marker and follows the direct object.

• Boctapunmuc.

boc-ta.pun-muc

rock-NEG.hold-I

I am not holding a rock.

• Boctacivpunmuc.

boc-ta.civ.pun-muc

rock-NEG.FUT.hold-I

I will not hold a rock.

Indirect Objects

The indirect object follows the verb and subject as a separate word.

• Boccivsipunmuc Mardon.

boc-civ.sipun-muc Mardon

rock-FUT.throw-I Mardon

I will toss the rock to Mardon.

The Copula

Ancaron has no copula verbs, rather they are replaced by the use of nouns or adjectives acting as verbs.

• Tucboc.

tuc-boc

old-rock

The rock is old. (Lit: The rock olds.)

• Boczain.

boc-zain

rock-that

That is a rock. (Lit: That rocks.)

The construction "There is" or "There are" is replaced with the verb "danas," which means "to exist."

• Danasboc

danas-boc

exist-rock

There is a rock. (Lit: A rock exists.)

Adverbs

Adverbs preceed the verb they modify, and are located between the direct object and the negation of the verb, assuming they exist.

• Boctortacivsipunmuc.

boc-tor-ta.civ.sipun-muc

rock-quickly-NEG.FUT.throw-I

I will not quickly throw the rock.

Multiple adverbs stack, and like with adjectives, word order does not matter

• Boctordopubcivsipunmuc.

boc-tor-dopub-civ.sipun-muc

rock-quickly-today-FUT.throw-I

I will quickly throw the rock today.

• Bocdopubtorcivsipunmuc.

boc-dopub-tor-civ.sipun-muc

rock-today-quickly-FUT.throw-I

I will quickly throw the rock today.

Negation

Like verbs and adjectives, adverbs are negated by the use of the prefix "ta," which immediately precedes the adverb it negates.

• Boctadopubtorcivsipunmuc.

boc-ta.dopub-tor-civ.sipun-muc

rock-NEG.today-quickly-FUT.throw-I

I will quickly throw the rock, but not today.

• Bocdopubtatorcivsipunmuc.

boc-dopub-ta.tor-civ.sipun-muc

rock-today-NEG.quickly-FUT.throw-I

I will throw the rock today, but not quickly.

Comparisons

The compartitive forms of adverbs are formed just like the adjective versions, by adding the prefix "in" for positive comparisons, and "fen" for negative comparisons. As before, there are no superlatives and the prefixes immediately precede the adverb they modify.

• torsipun

tor-sipun

quickly-throw

to quickly throw

• intorsipun

in-tor-sipun

more-quickly-throw

to throw more quickly

• fentorsipun

fen-tor-sipun

less-quickly-throw

to throw less quickly

Also as with adjectives, sentence forms of comparison are created using " padi " (with spaces) to link the two parts of the comparison together, and it is used for both "more than," "less than," and "as ___ as" comparisons. However, they are linked together somewhat differently, with the two objects mentioned in the comparison, as well as the "padi," are the subject with the verb form being as above. The object that comes first in the English comparison also comes first in the Ancaron one, and is the one that is actually attached to the verb.

• _<adverbal comparison>_et padi muc.

_<adverbal comparison>_-et padi muc

_<adverbal comparison>_-it than I

he _<adverbal comparison>_ than I (_<verb>_).

• Intorsipunet padi muc.

in-tor-sipun-et padi muc

more-quickly-throw-it than I

he throws more quickly than I (throw).

• Fentorsipunet padi muc.

fen-tor-sipun-et padi muc

less-quickly-throw-it than I

he throws less quickly than I (throw).

• Torsipunet padi muc.

tor-sipun-et padi muc

quickly-throw-it as I

he throws as quickly as I (throw).

Intensification

Ancaron adverbs, like the adjectives, are intensified by the reduplication of the adverb in question. The reduplicated adverb must stay together as one part, but otherwise word order does not matter as with other adverb.

• Boctordopubcivsipunmuc.

boc-tor-dopub-civ.sipun-muc

rock-quickly-today-FUT.throw-I

I will quickly throw the rock today.

• Boctortordopubcivsipunmuc.

boc-tor-tor-dopub-civ.sipun-muc

rock-quickly-quickly-today-FUT.throw-I

I will very quickly throw the rock today.

• Boctordopubdopubcivsipunmuc.

boc-tor-dopub-dopub-civ.sipun-muc

rock-quickly-today-FUT.throw-I

I will quickly throw the rock today.

• Boctortordopubdopubcivsipunmuc.

boc-tor-tor-dopub-dopub-civ.sipun-muc

rock-quickly-today-FUT.throw-I

I will very quickly throw the rock today.

Nouns

Ancaron words can vary their parts of speech, meaning that some words that can be considered verbs or adjectives can be used as nouns as well.

• pun to hold, a hand
• sipun to throw, a throw
• boc rocky, a rock

Negation

Like basically everything else, nouns can be negated with the prefix "ta," which immediately precedes the noun.

• taboc

ta.boc

NEG.rock

not a rock

Plurals

To make a word plural, add the unspecific plural prefix "car." Plural markers precede the negation prefix.

• boc

boc

rock

rock

• carboc

car.boc

PLR.rock

rocks

• cartaboc

car.ta.boc

PLR.NEG.rock

some non-rocks

Alternatively, numbers can be used instead to for a specific plural.

• vucboc

vuc.on

three.rock

three rocks

"In" is also used as a plural prefix as well to represent large amounts but remaining unspecific in total number.

• inboc

in.boc

many.rock

many rocks

Likewise, "fen" is used as an unspecific plural prefix to represent small numbers.

• fenbocc

fen.boc

few.rock

a few rocks

The plural markers are positioned after any adjectives the noun has.

• taivcarboc

taiv-car.boc

gray-PLR.rock

some gray rocks

Comparisons

"In" and "fed" can be used to make comparisons with nouns as well, using the prefixes as plurals with the addition of " padi ".

• Danasinnan padi carnin.

danas-in.nan padi car.nin

exist-more.boy than PLR.girl

There are more boys than girls.

• Danasfennan padi carnin.

danas-in.nan padi car.nin

exist-less.boy than PLR.girl

There are less boys than girls.

• Danascarnan padi carnin.

danas-in.nan padi car.nin

exist-PLR.boy as PLR.girl

There are as many boys as girls.

Numbers can also be used in these comparisons for a specific difference.

• Danasvetnan padi carnin.

danas-vet.nan padi car.nin

exist-one.boy than PLR.girl

There is one more boy than there are girls.

However, there is no simple way of flipping comparisons with specific plurals around, meaning you can't say, for example "There is one less boy than there are girls." Instead, the comparison itself has to be flipped around.

• Danasvetnin padi carnan.

danas-vet.nin padi car.nan

exist-one.girl than PLR.boy

There is one more girl than there are boys.

Compound nouns

Compound nouns are formed much like adjective stacks, however word order does matter with noun stacks.

• bacpub space
• bacmun tunnel

• bacpubbacmun

bacpub-bacmun

space-tunnel

wormhole

• bacmunbacpub

bacmun-bacpub

tunnel-space

tunnel space

The compound noun is treated like a single noun for prefixes and adjectives.

• taincartabacpubbacmun

tain-car.ta.bacpub-bacmun

gray-PLR.NEG.space-tunnel

some gray non-wormholes

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

Ancaron has 3 basic personal pronouns.

• muc I, me
• doc you
• et he, she, it, him, her

Plural forms are generated using "car."

• carmuc we, us
• cardoc you all
• caret they, them

• Bocpunet.

boc-pun-et

rock-hold-it

He is holding the rock.

Ancaron is a pro-drop language, meaning that any pronouns whose existence can be determined from context can be omitted.

• Civsipun.

civ.sipun

FUT.throw

He will throw it.

"Etcivsipunet." is equivalent to the above example with the pronouns left in. Both versions are grammatical, though the first is more common in general speech. Generally, however, it comes down to the speaker or writers preference as to whether or not the pronouns are dropped. Pronouns have been left in the examples on this page to make learning easier.

Ancaron pronouns do not change forms when acting as different parts of speech.

• Bocpunmuc.

boc-pun-muc

rock-hold-I

I am holding the rock.

• Bocdonsipundoc muc.

boc-don-sipun-doc muc

rock-PST.throw-you me

You tossed the rock to me.

Reflexive pronouns

Ancaron reflexive pronouns are created with the addition of the prefix "zig."

• zigmuc myself
• zigdoc yourself
• ziget himself, herself, itself
• carzigmuc ourselves
• carzigdoc yourselves
• carziget themselves

Sometimes it is not needed in the sentence, and is simply there to provide more information. In this case, the sentence is grammatically correct without it.

• Bocdonsipunmuc zigmuc.

boc-don-sipun-muc zigmuc

rock-PST.throw-I myself

I tossed the rock to myself.

• Bocdonsipunmuc.

boc-don-sipun-muc

rock-PST.throw-I

I tossed the rock.

In other cases, the sentence is not grammatical without the reflexive pronoun.

• Zigetsimapet.

ziget-simap-et

itself-dress-it

He dresses himself.

• Simapet.

simap-et

dress-it

He dresses... ???

Note that the sentence only needs an object, it doesn't have to be a reflexive pronoun.

• Etsimapet.

et-simap-et

it-dress-it

He dresses him. (someone else)

Possessive pronouns

Ancaron possessive pronouns are created with the addition of the prefix "si."

• simuc mine
• sidoc yours
• siet his, hers, its
• carsimuc ours
• carsidoc yours
• carsiet theirs

• Carsimucboc.

car.simuc-boc

PLR.mine-rock

The rock is ours.

However the possessive adjectives use the standard personal pronouns, and are used like any other adjective.

• Carmucbocet.

car.muc-boc-et

PLR.my-rock-it

It is our rock.

Interrogative pronouns

• pui what, which
• pai who, whom, whose
• pi when
• bau where
• bou how
• bao why
• puitus how many, how much

Word order when using interrogative pronouns is unchanged from the standard OVS(O) word order.

• Puisipunet?

pui-sipun-et?

what-throw-it

What did he throw?

• Bocsipunet pai?

boc-sipun-et pai?

rock-throw-it whom

To whom did he toss the rock?

• Bocsipunpai et?

boc-sipun-pai et?

rock-throw-who it

Who tossed the rock to him?

• Puisipunpai pai?

pui-sipun-pai pai?

what-throw-who whom

Who threw what to whom?

These pronouns can also modify nouns or verbs like adjectives or adverbs. "Pui," "puitus," and "pai" modify nouns, while the others modify verbs.

• Puibocsipunet?

pui-boc-sipun-et?

what-rock-throw-it

Which rock did he throw?

• Paibocsipunet?

pai-boc-sipun-et?

whose-rock-throw-it

Whose rock did he throw?

• Puitusbocsipunet?

puitus-boc-sipun-et?

how_many-rock-throw-it

How many rocks did he throw?

• Bocbaosipunet?

boc-bao-sipun-et?

rock-why-throw-it

Why did he throw the rock?

• Bocbousipunet?

boc-bou-sipun-et?

rock-how-throw-it

How did he throw the rock?

• Bocbausipunet?

boc-bau-sipun-et?

rock-where-throw-it

Where did he throw the rock?

• Bocpisipunet?

boc-pi-sipun-et?

rock-when-throw-it

When did he throw the rock?

Lexicon and other vocab lists

• Lexicon
• Body parts
• Colors
• Cor list