User:Tropylium/Sketchpad: Difference between revisions
(→Pre-Proto-Japanese': WUL!) |
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*/ðθ ðʃ/ | */ðθ ðʃ/ | ||
*undecided on /ðk kð/ (what to make of these phonetically?), anything involving semivowels | *undecided on /ðk kð/ (what to make of these phonetically?), anything involving semivowels | ||
===West Uralic lostlang=== | |||
* *ë > a | |||
* *V > *VV / _{x} | |||
** *F > FF / _j | |||
** *B > BB / _v | |||
* Umlaut (6v > 7V) | |||
** *e æ ɑ > *ɪ ɛ a / _i | |||
** *ɑ æ > *ɔ a | |||
* General high laxing/mid tensing | |||
** *i ü ï u > *ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ | |||
*** > (j)ə (v)ə (j)ə (v)ə / (#_) | |||
** *e o > e: o: > i u | |||
** *ɛ ɔ > i u / '_# | |||
* *ń ď ś č š > n dž š ts s | |||
* [-voice] > [+voice] / [+voice]_V | |||
Synopsis for Proto-WUL: | |||
** *ê_i, i_i, ü_i, u_i > (j, j, v, v)ə_í | |||
** *ô_a, i_a, u_a > (j, j, v)ə_ú | |||
** *i_ä, ü_a > (j, v)ə_á | |||
** *e_i, e_ä, e_a > í_ɛ, í_a, í_ɔ | |||
** *ä_i > ɛ́_ɛ | |||
** *a_i, ä_ä > á_ɛ, á_a | |||
** *a_a > ɔ́_ɔ | |||
** *o_i, o_a > ú_ɛ, ú_ɔ | |||
===Pre-Proto-[[Japanese']]=== | ===Pre-Proto-[[Japanese']]=== | ||
Revision as of 15:22, 13 March 2010
Experimental Phonology Labs
Internally consistent weirdness
| BLB | LBA | LZD | VZD | GUT | AER |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ʘ | ǁ | ǃ | |||
| ʘⁿ | ǁⁿ | ǃⁿ | |||
| p | ɾ | ʈk) | ʡ | ʡʰ | |
| m | ɳŋ) | ɴ̠ | ɴ̠ʩ) | ||
| ɸ | f= | ɬ̪ | ɬˣ | ||
| ð̞ʷ | ɻˠ | ||||
| ɪ | ə | ɐ |
- Coronal clicks are retroflex.
- The "aerated" series technically requires a release resembling nasal release but along a different physiological feature (no direct human counterpart).
Something loglangish
/ i e ə a o u/
/ m n ŋ w ð̞ j r l θ ʃ x k/
[t] is entirely epenthetic (tho /ð/ in many ways fills its phonemic place):
- /r l/ → [tr tl] / {# n}_
- /θ ʃ/ → [tθ tʃ] / {# n x}_
- /θ ʃ/ → [(t)θ (t)ʃ] / _{k x} (free variation)
- /lr/ → [ltr]
- /rl/ → [rtl ~ rl] (free variation)
/x/ → [h ~ ɦ] after /N k ð/ (see next!) & initially
Allophonic voiced stops:
- /k/ → [ɡ ~ ɠ] / V_{V N r l h}, {r l}_
- /ð/ → [d ~ ɗ] / V_{N h}, {r l ʃ}_
This furthermore neutralizes to [ɟ ~ ʄ] before /i/.
Onset cluster: /kr/ Long medial clusters: /nðr nðl/
Unoccurring medial clusters:
- Non-homorganic nasal+obstruent; /nm nŋ mn mŋ/; /ŋð/?
- /ðð/, geminate obstruents
- /xð xk θʃ ʃθ/
- /ðθ ðʃ/
- undecided on /ðk kð/ (what to make of these phonetically?), anything involving semivowels
West Uralic lostlang
- *ë > a
- *V > *VV / _{x}
- *F > FF / _j
- *B > BB / _v
- Umlaut (6v > 7V)
- *e æ ɑ > *ɪ ɛ a / _i
- *ɑ æ > *ɔ a
- General high laxing/mid tensing
- *i ü ï u > *ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ
- > (j)ə (v)ə (j)ə (v)ə / (#_)
- *e o > e: o: > i u
- *ɛ ɔ > i u / '_#
- *i ü ï u > *ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ
- *ń ď ś č š > n dž š ts s
- [-voice] > [+voice] / [+voice]_V
Synopsis for Proto-WUL:
- *ê_i, i_i, ü_i, u_i > (j, j, v, v)ə_í
- *ô_a, i_a, u_a > (j, j, v)ə_ú
- *i_ä, ü_a > (j, v)ə_á
- *e_i, e_ä, e_a > í_ɛ, í_a, í_ɔ
- *ä_i > ɛ́_ɛ
- *a_i, ä_ä > á_ɛ, á_a
- *a_a > ɔ́_ɔ
- *o_i, o_a > ú_ɛ, ú_ɔ
Pre-Proto-Japanese'
| tsʼ | tʂʼ | tʃʼ | |||
| p(ʰ) | t̪(ʰ) | tʂ(ʰ) | tʃ(ʰ) | k(ʰ) | |
| b | d̪ | ɖ | ɡ | ||
| s | h | ||||
| m | n |
+ other sonorants as needed
- affricate POAs partially allophonic with each other / t k?
- aspirates → f θ ʂ ʃ x
- θ ʂ → f x
- F → V
- ejectivs → pf x tʃ
Aspiration in clusters (example):
| btʃ | btʃʰ | → | ptʃ | ftʃ |
| d̪tʃ | d̪tʃʰ | → | tʃː | ɬtʃ |
| ɖtʃ | ɖtʃʰ | → | rtʃː | xtʃ |
| ɡtʃ | ɡtʃʰ | → | ktʃ |
Note /v tʃ ʒ/ rather than reconstructed *bv *c *ɟ!
For West Altaic'
Or therearound?
Unattested phonemes in italics:
/p b t ɗ c ɟ k ɠ ʧ ʤ f v s z ʃ ʒ x h m n ŋ w l (ȴ) j r/
/i iː u uː e~ə o oː æ æː ɑ ɑː/
fulɑʃr • næɠf • wælʤ • ɟmoŋəf • ʧɠuːz • ikʧoŋv • wərɑːcsibʤ • hɑɗh • ultəwx
(implosivs allophonic with vcd. stops)
For East Persian'
A)
- ɪː/j/w → eː/j/w
- e → ɪ
- → ɨ
- ʊ(j) → i(ː)
- ʊː → uː
- ew (ɪw) → oː
- æː/j, ej, ow ==
- æ → a → ɑ
- æw → ɑw
- ɒː → ɑː
- ɐ → æ
- result: i ɨ æ ɑ, iː uː, eː ej oː ow, æː æj ɑː ɑw (needs u o?)
B)
- ɪ(ː), ʊ(ː) → ə → a
- ɪj ɪw ??
- ʊj → oj → (w)i
- e(ː j) → i
- ew → u
- ow → (w)u
- æ(ː j), ɐ → e
- æw, ɒː → o → (w)a
- result: i e a u + labiovelars/uvulars
Shared:
- ew æw → back vowels, ʊj → i
- centering/lo'ering of ɪ
- fronting of ɐ
Plain/palatalized/retracted
Draft the 1st:
| m | n | nʲ | ɳ | ||||
| p | t̪ ~ -θ- | ts | tsʲ | ʈʂ | k | kʲ | q |
| b | d̪ ~ -ð- | dz | dzʲ | ɖʐ | g | gʲ | ɢ |
| v | s | sʲ | ʂ | x | xʲ | χ | |
| l | lʲ | ʈʂʼ | j | qʼ | |||
| ɾ | ɽ | ||||||
| r, r̥ |
Possibly: geminates; additional ejectivs (but we're not having a full set); voiced sibilant/chirants (may be allophonic)
/ɽ/ ← *ɭ
To be allocated
- Difthong allophony/split: [au eu iu ~ ao eo io] (perhaps [ei ai ou ~ eː ae oː], [iː eː oː uː ~ ie ea oa uo])
(last part looks a bit too Samic) - Labiodental flap
- Labiouvular trilled affricate [♇]
- /ʈʳ/ ~ [ɽ] vs. /t̪/
Lexical dump
Some number system, set as base-5 but extensible:
- 1 2 3 4 hei len sa mo
- b b² b³ b⁴ b⁵ idži tudži pxedži vašši teldži
- 2b 2b² 2b³ 2b⁴ 2b⁵ lenidži lentudži leŋkadži lembašši lenterdži
- 3b 3b² 3b³ 3b⁴ 3b⁵ saidži satudži sakwadži savašši saterdži
- 4b 4b² 4b³ 4b⁴ 4b⁵ moidži gotudži gokwadži govašši goterdži
- go is evidently (b-1).
(why -ter- in higher lakhads?? was this just an orthographic quirk?)
Orthographics
"Sumerian" diphonic faux-syllabary
With underspecification:
- /tæmæ/ = TFV-L̃V-mFV-LV
- /diːzə/ = TFV-HVFC-SMV
Ie. front/backness coded on "initial"; height coded on "coda"; will look like a vertical vowel system on first glance
morf
English needs more umlaut derivativs
*-ɪθ
- long ∶ length ∷ strong ∶ strength ∷ wrong ∶ wrength /ɹɛŋθ/
- young ∶ youth
- wide ∶ width ∷ side ∶ sidth /sɪdθ/
- … ∷ mild ∶ mildth /mɪldθ/ ∷ wild ∶ wildth /wɪldθ/
- short ∶ sherth /ʃɝːθ/
- old ∶ eldth /ɛldθ/
- heal ∶ health /hɛlθ/
- wreak ∶ wrath ∷ weak ∶ wath /wæθ/ ??
- dry ∶ drought
- high ∶ height ∷ wigh /waɪ/ ∶ weight
- frigh /fɹaɪ/ ∶ fright
- low ∶ louth /luːθ/?
- (true ∶ truth)
