Proto-Uralic/new: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(→‎*ê: round)
(→‎*ê: resorting, Permic reconstruction)
Line 9: Line 9:
{| cellpadding="0"|
{| cellpadding="0"|
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! Samic !! Mordv. !! Mari !! Permic !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! Samic !! Mordv. !! Mari !! [[Permic]] !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Comments
! Comments
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
Line 21: Line 21:
|-
|-
| "water"
| "water"
| *veti || - || veď || ''*wööt'' || U. vu ~ K. va || '''viiz''' || *wit || - || *wêt
| *veti || - || veď || ''*wööt'' || *voo<sup>ð</sup><!--Komi *ooD > a--> || '''viiz''' || *wit || - || *wêt
| ← IE? Note Komi *oot > *a
| ← IE?
|-
|-
| "to go"
| "to go"
Line 30: Line 30:
| *teke- || *tɤkɤ- || teje~tije- || - || - || ''tëv-'' || *tij- || *tej- || -
| *teke- || *tɤkɤ- || teje~tije- || - || - || ''tëv-'' || *tij- || *tej- || -
| ← IE
| ← IE
|-
| "to hit"
| ''*löö-'' || - || - || ''*lüe-'' || K. ''lɯj-'' || '''löv-''' || *li- || - || *jöw-
| WTF. *lêxi? *lêwi?
|-
|-
| "lip"
| "lip"
Line 55: Line 51:
|-
|-
| "honey"
| "honey"
| *meti || - || meď || ''*müj'' || U. mu ~ K. ma|| meez || - || - || -
| *meti || - || meď || ''*müj'' || *moo<sup>ð</sup> || meez || - || - || -
| ← II. Komi *oot > a
| ← II
|-
| "2"
| (''*kakti'') || (''*kókté'') || (''kavta'') || (''kok'') || '''*kɯk''' || keet || *kit || '''*kiit, käät''' || *kêtä
| FV *kakta
|-
| "price"
| - || - || - || - || *doon || - || *tin || '''*tään''' || -
|-
|-
| "skin"
| "skin"
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || ''*köör'' || *koor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || *kêti
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || ''*köör'' || *koor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || *kêti
| ObU *kEr
| ObU *kEr
|-
| "to cut; knife"
| *vejce- || - || - || - || K. ''vɤź-'' || vees- || - || '''*wäänť-''' || -
| *-ŋć-
|-
|-
| "breath; heat"
| "breath; heat"
| *heŋki || - || - || - || U. ''džog'' || - || '''*sääŋk''' || *čeŋk, '''saŋk''' || -
| *heŋki || - || - || - || U. ''džog'' || - || '''*sääŋk''' || *čeŋk, ''säŋk''? || -
|-
|-
| "to must"
| "to must"
Line 90: Line 75:
| "middle"
| "middle"
| *keski || *kɤskɤ || keska || - || *koos || - || - || - || -
| *keski || *kɤskɤ || keska || - || *koos || - || - || - || -
|-
| "throat"
| *kero || *kɤrɤs || - || - || *goor || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to wash"
| "to wash"
Line 177: Line 165:
| || || || || || || || ||
| || || || || || || || ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | *E_i (generally coda glides, but note *Eði)
! colspan="10" | *E_i (generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri)
|-
|-
| "mushroom"
| "mushroom"
| *seeni || ''*čáná'' || - || *šeen || U. śeńki|| - || style="color:green"| *šiinəɣ || '''*säänəɣ''' || -
| *seeni || ''*čáná'' || - || *šeen || U. śeńki|| - || style="color:green"| *šiinəɣ || '''*säänəɣ''' || -
| *śExni ?
| *śExni ?
|-
| "to cut"
| *vejci || - || - || - || K. vɤź- || vees- || - || '''*wäänť-''' || -
| K. delabzn / loss of *ŋ? F. "knife"
|-
|-
| "girl"
| "girl"
| *nejtVj || ''*néjtɤ'' || ni || - || *nɯl || - || *nii || *niiŋ || '''*nê'''
| *nejtVj || ''*néjtɤ'' || ''ni'' || - || *nɯl || - || *nii || *niiŋ || ''*nê''
| Wrt. S, cf. difthong
| Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
|-
| "to eat"
| ''*söö-'' || - || ''śeve-'' || - || ''*śooj'' || ëv- || *tii-, '''*tääj-''' || *ɬii- || -
| U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant mismatch
|-
|-
| "soul, breath, steam"
| "soul, breath, steam"
Line 193: Line 189:
| "front"
| "front"
| *eti || - || - || - || - || elöö || *iil || *iiɬ || -
| *eti || - || - || - || - || elöö || *iil || *iiɬ || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | *E_a
|-
| "2"
| (''*kakti'') || (''*kókté'') || (''kavta'') || (''kok'') || '''*kɯk''' || keet || ''*kit'' || '''*kiit''', käät || *kêtä
| Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
|-
| "price"
| - || - || - || - || *doon || - || ''*tin'' || *tään || -
| (Former cluster?)
|-
| "to dodge"
| - || *kɤrvé- || - || - || - || kerül- || ''*kir-'' || *käärəɣ- || -
| Ms. *i before a cluster?
|-
| "to cook"
| - || *pɤsé- || - || - || *pɤɤž- || - || *piit- || *pääɬ- || -
| P. delabzn!?
|-
| "(to) thin"
| - || '''*keancé''' || - || - || - || keskëń || - || *käänť- || -
| Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | *ê_a & such (see also [[Proto-Uralic/Ü|*ü]], [[Proto-Uralic/E|*e_a]])
! colspan="10" | *ê_a & such (see also [[Proto-Uralic/Ü|*ü]], [[Proto-Uralic/E|*e_a]])
Line 206: Line 224:
| "brother-in-law"
| "brother-in-law"
| *kütü || - || - || - || - || - || *kil || ''*küɬi ?'' || -
| *kütü || - || - || - || - || - || *kil || ''*küɬi ?'' || -
|-
| "to dodge"
| - || *kɤrvé- || - || - || - || kerül- || *kir- || '''*käärəɣ-''' || -
|-
|-
| "glue"
| "glue"
Line 220: Line 235:
| ObU *pEɬ; cf. *pexi-
| ObU *pEɬ; cf. *pexi-
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | West *ê; East ??
! colspan="10" | Finnic *öö is confusing
|-
|-
| "to eat"
| "to hit"
| ''*söö-'' || - || śeve- || - || U. śij ~ K. śoj || ëv- || *tää- || *ɬii- || -
| ''*löö-'' || - || - || ''*lüje-'' <!--Hi. lüe, Me. lüje--> || K. ''lɯj-'' || '''löv-''' || *li- || - || *jöw-
| Sibilant mismatch
| *lêxi? *lêwi?
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | West *e; East *ê
! colspan="10" | West *e; East *ê
|-
|-
| "to sell"
| "to sell"
| *möö- || *mékɤ- || mije- || - || *med || - || *miɣ- || *me- || '''*mi-'''
| ''*möö-'' || *mékɤ- || mije- || - || *med || - || *miɣ- || *me- || '''*mi-'''
| *mexi
| *mexi
|-
|-
Line 236: Line 251:
|-
|-
| "4"
| "4"
| *neljä || *ńealjé || ńiĺe || *nəəl || U. '''ńiĺ''' ~ K. ńoĺ || neeɟ || *nilə || *ńeɬää || -
| *neljä || *ńealjé || ńiĺe || *nəəl || ''*ńooĺ'' || neeɟ || *nilə || *ńeɬää || -
| U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
|-
|-
| "thumb"
| "thumb"
| style="color:red"| '''*peukalo''' || *pealké || '''päĺkä''' || - || U. pɤlɯ ~ K. pev || - || - || - || *pêj
| style="color:red"| '''*pewka-''' || *pealké || '''päĺkä''' || - || U. pɤlɯ ~ K. pev || - || - || - || *pêj
| ZERO regularity.
| ZERO regularity.
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:43, 9 November 2009

Two newly proposed vowels for PU.

  • *ê produces Finnic *e/*ü, Samic *ɤ, Mordvinic *e; Mansi *i, Khanty *e, Samoyedic *ê > *i elsewhere, Nganasan /ɨ/
  • *ô produces Finnic *o/*i, Samic *o, Mordvinic *o;

Again, bold marks vocalic irregularities (except in Permic), red consonantal.

  • Mari *aa *ee *öö *ɤɤ = /a e ə ɤ/ in Hill Mari, /o i ü u/ in Meadow Mari
  • Permic *ö *åå *oo *ɤɤ = /e o (v)o (v)ɤ/ in Komi, /o a u ɯ/ in Udmurt
    • In Komi, /v/ appears initially

*ê

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ê_i (std. *e_i ?)
"to fear" *pel-kä- *pɤlɤ- peĺe- - *pool- feel- *pil- *pel- *pêj-
"blood" *veri *vɤrɤ veŕ *wöör *vir veer *wiɣər *wer -
"water" *veti - veď *wööt *vooð viiz *wit - *wêt ← IE?
"to go" *mene- *mɤnɤ- - *mije- U. mɯnɯ- ~ K. mun- mën- *min- *men- *mên-
"to do" *teke- *tɤkɤ- teje~tije- - - tëv- *tij- *tej- - ← IE
"lip" - *pɤŋsɤm - - - - *piťem *peɬem *peptän -ms- ?
"to take" *vee- *víkɤ- vije- - *vaj(ɯ)- vi- *wi- *we- - *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
"owl" *hüüp- *ɤpɤké - - - - *jipəɣ *jepəɣ - Onomatopoetics in F.?
"warm" E. eha NS áccagas eže- - - - *iš- - -
"bee" *mehi- - mekš *mükš *mooš meex - - - ← II
"honey" *meti - meď *müj *mooð meez - - - ← II
"skin" *keri *kɤrɤ keŕ *köör *koor keerëg *kiir *käär *kêti ObU *kEr
"breath; heat" *heŋki - - - U. džog - *sääŋk *čeŋk, säŋk? -
"to must" - *kɤlkɤ- keĺge- Me. küle- ~ Hi. kele- *kool- kell- - - - Cf. IE. Check if not *i?
"handle" - *nɤvtɤ - - U. nɯd ~ K. nud - - - - *-ŋt-
"skin" *keti *kɤtɤ keď - - - - - - Cf. prev; also *käðʲi → P. *kiĺ, Ms. *kääĺən
"middle" *keski *kɤskɤ keska - *koos - - - -
"throat" *kero *kɤrɤs - - *goor - - - -
"to wash" *pese- *pɤsɤ- pezo- - - - - - - ← IE
"to stretch" *venü- *vɤnɤ- veńeme- - - - - - -
"boat" *veneh *vɤnɤs veńeš - - - - - -
"to be in time" *ehti- *ɤstɤ- - *əšte- K. eštɯ- - - - - K. ← F?
"leaf" *lehti *lɤstɤ - *ləštaš - - - - - ← IE
"feather" *hewhen *sɤvsɤm - - - - - - - NB difthong! Newer loan? -n ~ -m doesn't match
"to tear" *repe- *rɤpɤ- - - - - - - -
"next" *enti *ɤvtɤ - - - - - - - *-ŋt-
"work" *töö - ťev - - - - - - Cf. *têki
"lime, bast" *lehmus - ĺevos - - - - - -
"dove" F metti- ~ E meikka- - meče - - - - - -
*e_i in *ê-system (all old cases long or difthongal? see also *äx, *e_a)
"to cook" - - pije- - K. pu- (föö-) *pääj- - *pi- *pexi-; cf. *pEsa- !
"matter" - *séjɤ sij *šü *śiś eev *säj *ɬöj *tiəj *sexji
"7" *sejcem *čéčɤm śiśem *səm *śiźɯm - - - - ← IE?
"round" *kehkerä - kičkere *kə/üškär - - - -
"to drink" *seemV- - śime- - - - - - - (check if a loan)
"lichen on trees" - *jévjɤmé - - - - - *jej *jüjə Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
"dog" *penVj *peanɤk pińe *pij ~ *pɤɤni *poon(ɯ) (fene) - - - Short! *e_a with Finnic *-j, Samic *-ik? H. "wild" may not belong
"brother" *velji *véljɤ - - - - - - - Short! ← IE?
"clear" *selke- *čélkɤ - - - - - - - Liv. sieldɤ. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
"to boil" *kee-, *kei- *kí- - *küa- - köve- - - -
""
*E_i (generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri)
"mushroom" *seeni *čáná - *šeen U. śeńki - *šiinəɣ *säänəɣ - *śExni ?
"to cut" *vejci - - - K. vɤź- vees- - *wäänť- - K. delabzn / loss of *ŋ? F. "knife"
"girl" *nejtVj *néjtɤ ni - *nɯl - *nii *niiŋ *nê Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
"to eat" *söö- - śeve- - *śooj ëv- *tii-, *tääj- *ɬii- - U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant mismatch
"soul, breath, steam" *lewlü *lévlɤ - - *lool leelek *liil *ɬiiɬ - Wrt. S, cf. difthong
"front" *eti - - - - elöö *iil *iiɬ -
*E_a
"2" (*kakti) (*kókté) (kavta) (kok) *kɯk keet *kit *kiit, käät *kêtä Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
"price" - - - - *doon - *tin *tään - (Former cluster?)
"to dodge" - *kɤrvé- - - - kerül- *kir- *käärəɣ- - Ms. *i before a cluster?
"to cook" - *pɤsé- - - *pɤɤž- - *piit- *pääɬ- - P. delabzn!?
"(to) thin" - *keancé - - - keskëń - *käänť- - Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
*ê_a & such (see also *ü, *e_a)
"alder" *leppä *leapé ĺepä - - - - - - ← B.
"corn" *jüvä - juv - U. ju ~ K. jɯki - - - - ← IE *jewa (Avestan yava etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F.
"brother-in-law" *kütü - - - - - *kil *küɬi ? -
"glue" *tümä *ðɤmé - Me. lümö *ĺem - - - *jêmä
"heart" *sütäm *čɤðém śedeɲ *šüm U. śulem ~ K. śɤlɤm siiv *šim *sem *sejə
"man" *ürkä - - *erɣe - -ër - - - ObU *pEɬ; cf. *pexi-
Finnic *öö is confusing
"to hit" *löö- - - *lüje- K. lɯj- löv- *li- - *jöw- *lêxi? *lêwi?
West *e; East *ê
"to sell" *möö- *mékɤ- mije- - *med - *miɣ- *me- *mi- *mexi
"nest" *pesä *peasé pizə *pəžäš *pooz feesek *pit *peɬ *pêtä
"4" *neljä *ńealjé ńiĺe *nəəl *ńooĺ neeɟ *nilə *ńeɬää - U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
"thumb" *pewka- *pealké päĺkä - U. pɤlɯ ~ K. pev - - - *pêj ZERO regularity.

*ô

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ô_i
"3" *kolme *kolmɤ kolmo *kɤɤm U. kwiń ~ K. kujim haarom *kuurəm *kooɬəm - *-rm- ? -ðm- ??
"minor river" *joki *jokɤ jov *joɣə *ju joo *jɯɯɣɯɯ - -
"major river" *juka - - *jooɣən *jəka for comparision
"dry" *koski *koškɤ- kośke- *kaškə- *k(w)ååś - - - *kåsə- F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid.
"birch bark vessel" *kosja "Ko. S" kočék - - - - *kus *koťək - F. → NS guošši
"bow" *jouci *jóksɤ joŋks *jaaŋež - iij *jaɣət *jooɣəɬ *jïntə *-ŋs-
"bosom" *povi póŋɤ Er. poŋgo ~ Mk. pov Hi. poŋgəš ~ Me. poməš *pi - *puut *poɣəɬ - Hang on, it's *uu ~ *o again
"snot" *nolki *snólkɤ nolga - - ńaal - - - Or *o with Mo. irregular
"stick" *ponti - ponda *paanðə U. pud ~ K. bed - - - -
"to sieve" *pohtVj- - ponžavto- - *poož- - - - -
"straw" *olki - olgo - - - - - -
"to sink" *lonteh - londado- - - - - - -
*ô_a type 1 (substratal?)
"wet" *loppa - lopa-vto- *lɤɤp K. lap - - - -
"valley" *lotma - ložmo - - - - - - Phonotax non-Uralic
"shameful; lazy" *nolo - nola - - - - - -
*ô_a type 2
"I" *minä *mon mon *məń *mö(n) een *äm *mä *mən Two allomorphs may exist of each: *m/tina, *m/tun.
"thou" *tinä *ton ton *tiń *tö(n) te - - *tən
"bird" *lintu *lonté - *lɤɤðə - luud *luuntə *låånt -
"sleeve" *hija *soajé *sooj ujj *tɯɯjət *ɬɯɯt *tüəj
"sleeve" *hiha *sɤsé oža sokš F. / S. *h- by contam. with the prev.
"phloem" *nila *ńɤlɤ nola Me. nolo U. ńɤl ~ K. ńɯla - *ńol *ńaɬ -
"to wash" *liko- - - - - - *låwt- *loɣɯɯt- -
"to curse" *kiro- *kɤro- kor- - - - *kår- *koorəm *kərä-
"to scrape" *vito- *vɤco- - - *vušt- vaasik- *ašeɣ- *wooč- -
"skin" *iho *ɤsé jožo Hi. juž K. ež - - - -
"green, yellow, poison, hate" *viha, *viherä - ožo *ɤɤžar *vöž - - - - NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
"to sharpen" *hijo- *sɤjé- šova- *šɤɤme- - - - - -
"to bind" *sito- - sodo- *šüðüš - - - - -
"to pluck" *kitko- *kɤské- kočko- - - - - - -
"to sit" *istu- (*i(š)tɤ-) oza- - - - - - - Unclear medial. S. ← F.
"price" *hinta - čonda - - - - - -
"pig" *sika - tuvo - - - - - - Mo. raising before -v-?
"surface, body" *pinta - ponda - U. ped - - - - Dubious semantics, F may be ← Gmc.
""


Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Proto-Uralic/new&oldid=50252"