Kala: Difference between revisions

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==== higher numbers ====
==== higher numbers ====


* eleven / 11 - '''uesa'o'''
* eleven / 11 - '''uena'o'''


* twenty / 20 - '''taue'o'''
* twenty / 20 - '''taue'o'''


* one hundred one / 101 - '''nyena'o'''
* one hundred one / 107 - '''nyeka'o'''


* three hundred twenty five / 325 - '''hanyetaueya'o''' (''long form'') | '''hataya'o''' (''short form'')
* three hundred twenty five / 326 - '''hanyetauetsa'o''' (''long form'') | '''hatatsa'o''' (''short form'')


* six thousand and twenty / 6020 - '''tsatletaue'o'''
* six thousand and twenty / 6020 - '''tsatletaue'o'''
==== ordinals, fractions etc. ====
* '''ki'''- - ordinal/multiple prefix
:Example : '''kisa'o''' - ninth, or nine times
:Example : '''kiyanyepa'o''' - 508<sup>th</sup>, or 508 times
* '''i'''- - fractional prefix
:Example : '''isa'o''' - a ninth
:Example : '''iha'o pa'o''' - three eighths, ⅜


=== family ===
=== family ===

Revision as of 01:58, 30 April 2009

  • Kala is meant to be a simple and euphonic personal conlang.
  • Many lexical entries are inspired and/or influenced by any number of natlangs

Phonology

consonants

  • Plosives
p - [p~b] | t - [t~d] | k - [k~g] | ' - [?]
  • Nasals
m - [m] | n - [n] | ny - [J]
  • Fricatives
s - [s~S] | ts - [ts~tS] | h - [h~h\]
  • Approximants
u - [u] | y - [j]
  • Laterals
l - [l] | tl - [tK]

vowels

  • a - /a~a:/ | e - /e~e:/ | i - /i~i:/ | o - /o~o:/ | u - /u~u:/

diphthongs

  • ua - /wa:/ | ue - /we:/

syllable structure

  • (C)V(k, l, m, n, t)

Grammar

plurals

  • To make a noun plural, add -m to the end.
Example : kono - stone | konom - stones
  • Adjectives do not change when they are plural. However, when an adjective is used in place of a noun, it can be pluralized.
Example : nyeli - pink | nyelim - (the) pink (ones)

gender

  • In general, nouns do not indicate their gender. To distinguish the sexes, one can use the adjectival endings -ta and -na.
Example : nikata "a male dog", nikana "a female dog".

Lexicon

numbers

  • zero / nothing / 0 - e'o
  • one / 1 - na'o
  • two / 2 - ta'o
  • three / 3 - ha'o
  • four / 4 - ma'o
  • five / 5 - ya'o
  • six / 6 - tsa'o
  • seven / 7 - ka'o
  • eight / 8 - pa'o
  • nine / 9 - sa'o
  • ten / 10 - ue'o
  • hundred / 100 - nye'o
  • thousand / 1000 - tle'o

higher numbers

  • eleven / 11 - uena'o
  • twenty / 20 - taue'o
  • one hundred one / 107 - nyeka'o
  • three hundred twenty five / 326 - hanyetauetsa'o (long form) | hatatsa'o (short form)
  • six thousand and twenty / 6020 - tsatletaue'o

ordinals, fractions etc.

  • ki- - ordinal/multiple prefix
Example : kisa'o - ninth, or nine times
Example : kiyanyepa'o - 508th, or 508 times
  • i- - fractional prefix
Example : isa'o - a ninth
Example : iha'o pa'o - three eighths, ⅜

family

  • family / kin - tlika
  • parent - onata
  • grandparent - onataha
  • spouse - tlanata
  • sibling - uanata
  • child - inata
  • father / uncle - ota
  • mother / aunt - ona
  • man / husband - tla'ota
  • woman / husband - tla'ona
  • grandfather - otaha
  • grandmother - onaha
  • brother / cousin - otaua
  • sister / cousin - onaua
  • boy / son - ota'i
  • girl / daughter - ona'i

General Lexica

  • The majority of lexical units in Kala can have multiple roles.
  • Most have a primary role, such as verb, noun or adjective, but almost all can serve in at least two roles.
  • Because of this, this list is sorted alphabetically and not by part of speech or category.


p t k m n s h l a

a

  • a - to be, exist | yes
  • ala - to be born | to birth
  • ama - time, year, season
  • ato - body, anatomy | corpse
  • ato'a - torso | chest, belly
  • aya - beauty | to be beautiful

e

h

  • hina - near, close, here

i

  • ila - bird, avian | to fly, glide
  • ina - food, sustenance | to eat, consume
  • itsa - love, affection | to love, care for

k

  • kala - to speak, talk, say | language, dialect
  • kama - village, town, city
  • kana - to lead, command | chief, leader
  • kata - nature, universe | essence
  • kaua - coffee
  • ketla - red | blood | to bleed
  • kipa - tooth | to bite, chew
  • kita - to greet, welcome | hello, hi
  • ko - person | agentive
  • kono - gray | stone, rock
  • ko'o - number, amount, quantity | to count
  • kulu - all, every, each
  • kuna - to expel | to excrete, shit, defecate
  • kuya - green | grass, foliage

l

m

  • ma - and, also, as well | plus | more
  • mala - bad, unfavorable, negative
  • mata - to kill, murder
  • matla - stew, casserole, goulash
  • maya - water, fluid | wet
  • metla - to whistle | sound of wind | flute
  • mo - to locate, place | locative | location [where]

n

  • naha - river, stream | lake, pond
  • naho - to regulate | rule | grammar
  • nika - dog, canine

ny

  • nyahi - white | snow | to snow
  • nyeli - pink

o

  • omo - to exchange, trade | commerce, business

p

s

t

tl

  • tlela - to wash, bathe | clean, pure

ts

u

y

Examples

  • mo ta yala ka
place/locale 2sg go/walk/travel INT-part
Where are you going?
  • nam tsala inaye
1pl sauce/paste eat-PAST
We ate the sauce.
  • ko tayo onatam ka
person 2sg-POSS parent-PL INT-part
Who are your parents?

Article 1, UDHR

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.