Sahax: Difference between revisions

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(→‎Phonotax: unreleased)
(→‎Phonology: nm synchronic palatalization)
Line 4: Line 4:
| p || t || ʧ || k
| p || t || ʧ || k
|-
|-
| β (v?) || z || ʤ ||
| β ~ ''V'' || z || ʤ ||
|-
|-
| ɸ (f?) || colspan="2"| s ~ ʃ || x ~ h
| ɸ ~ f || colspan="2"| s ~ ʃ || x ~ h
|-
|-
| m (ɱ?) || colspan="3"| n ~ ȵ ~ ŋ
| m ~ ɱ || n || || (ŋ)
|-
|-
| || colspan="2"| l ~ ȴ ~ L || ||
| || colspan="2"| l ~ ''L'' || ||
|}
|}


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===Allophony/diacronics===
===Allophony/diacronics===
* Coronals /t z s l n/ palatalize to /ʧ ʤ ʃ ȴ ȵ/. Proto-Sahax ''*n'' actually turns up as a lateral when palatalized.
* Proto-Sahax includes ''*P *t *k *s *V *J *m *n''.
* Coronals ''*t *J *s *n'' palatalize to /ʧ ʤ ʃ l/ before /i/.
* Word-final /n/ may be realized as [ŋ] after vowels other than /i/.
* Word-final /n/ may be realized as [ŋ] after vowels other than /i/.
* Prevocalic /x/ is originally an initial/intervocalic variant of /ɸ/ before /a/, rephonemicized by loans. Postvocalic /x/ derives from (certain cases of?) ''*k'' / a_#.
* Prevocalic /x/ is originally an initial/intervocalic variant of /ɸ/ before /a/, rephonemicized by loans. Postvocalic /x/ derives from (certain cases of?) ''*k'' / a_#.
* Before /ɨ/, /l/ is realized as a retroflex lateral flap; this originally developed from ''*t''.
* Before /ɨ/:
** Other coronals are also slightly retracted before /ɨ/, tho the effect is not as clear as palatalization.
**/l/ is realized as a retroflex lateral flap, transcribed as [''L''] here; this originally developed from ''*t''.
** Also under consideration: labiodentalization of bilabials by the same.
** Other coronals are also slightly retracted.
* Proto-Sahax includes ''*P *t *k *s *V *J *m *n''.
** Bilabials become labiodentals; the /p ɸ/ contrast is neutralized to [f], and /β/ becomes a labiodental flap [''V''].


==Morphology==
==Morphology==

Revision as of 13:31, 15 July 2008

Phonology

Consonants

p t ʧ k
β ~ V z ʤ
ɸ ~ f s ~ ʃ x ~ h
m ~ ɱ n (ŋ)
l ~ L

Recent loanwords may additionally include /d ɡ/.

Vowels

Short /i ɨ a/, long /iː ɨː aː oː/. The former has a limited distribution and may be equivalent to /aβV/.

Phonotax

(C)V(C); allowed coda consonants include /p t k s x n/ and, in loans, /l/. Coda stops are unreleased and lightly glottalized. Nativ clusters include /n/ + obstruent excluding /p h/; /sk/, /sm/, …

Allophony/diacronics

  • Proto-Sahax includes *P *t *k *s *V *J *m *n.
  • Coronals *t *J *s *n palatalize to /ʧ ʤ ʃ l/ before /i/.
  • Word-final /n/ may be realized as [ŋ] after vowels other than /i/.
  • Prevocalic /x/ is originally an initial/intervocalic variant of /ɸ/ before /a/, rephonemicized by loans. Postvocalic /x/ derives from (certain cases of?) *k / a_#.
  • Before /ɨ/:
    • /l/ is realized as a retroflex lateral flap, transcribed as [L] here; this originally developed from *t.
    • Other coronals are also slightly retracted.
    • Bilabials become labiodentals; the /p ɸ/ contrast is neutralized to [f], and /β/ becomes a labiodental flap [V].

Morphology

Regular plural is formed by the suffix //K//, realized as

  • /k/ after short vowels, as well as after /x/ which is itself dropped in the process
  • /kɨ/ after long vowels and /s n l/
  • /ɨk/ after other consonants.

Vocabulary

…Is, to a large extent, loaned. Personal pronouns:

1 2 3
S vatan minji hasi
D vaalu miilu haasu
P vatanku minjik hasik

(note the regularity of formation in the plurals)

Numerals: 1 kisma, 2 zook, 3 tulipan …

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