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The quite rich case system allows every other possible word order, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is '''OSV''' (''Object-Subject-Verbs''), which marks the so-called ''passive construct''. | The quite rich case system allows every other possible word order, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is '''OSV''' (''Object-Subject-Verbs''), which marks the so-called ''passive construct''. | ||
''' | '''laje ṫiʡek̇ə majrow''' | ||
<small>the dog is seen by the man</small> | <small>the dog is seen by the man</small> | ||
The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “''place-manner-cause-time''”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, | The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “''place-manner-cause-time''”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, can be freely placed ''before'' or ''after'' the direct object of the sentence, with a slight tendence to be placed ''after'' it. | ||
'''khjenek̇ə sowʡe lajeʈu k̇oʂu / khjenek̇ə lajeʈu sowʡe k̇oʂu''' | |||
<small>the man gives bread to the dog / the man gives the dog bread</small> | |||
A peculiar feature is the verbal ''infinitival agreement'': when infinitival forms, as nominal forms of the verbs, take a direct object, are regarded as an expression of belonging, and the direct object is declined in the ''ablative'' case. | A peculiar feature is the verbal ''infinitival agreement'': when infinitival forms, as nominal forms of the verbs, take a direct object, are regarded as an expression of belonging, and the direct object is declined in the ''ablative'' case. | ||
Revision as of 03:12, 15 April 2025
- Main article: Proto-Alri
This page gives an extensive description of Proto-Alri syntactical features.
Main clause and word order
Proto-Alri is an almost strictly SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) language.
ṫiʡek̇ə laje majrow the man sees the dog
The quite rich case system allows every other possible word order, but most of them prove to be very marked and infrequently used. The only word order with a clear role and a frequent usage is OSV (Object-Subject-Verbs), which marks the so-called passive construct.
laje ṫiʡek̇ə majrow the dog is seen by the man
The other elements in the sentence are usually placed in the order “place-manner-cause-time”, although they are basically freer than the main elements. An object in the dative case, when conveying the indirect object, can be freely placed before or after the direct object of the sentence, with a slight tendence to be placed after it.
khjenek̇ə sowʡe lajeʈu k̇oʂu / khjenek̇ə lajeʈu sowʡe k̇oʂu the man gives bread to the dog / the man gives the dog bread
A peculiar feature is the verbal infinitival agreement: when infinitival forms, as nominal forms of the verbs, take a direct object, are regarded as an expression of belonging, and the direct object is declined in the ablative case.
sopašu lī́lopiñɑme ʔī́sow I do not see the dog.
Moreover, as it can been seen in the example above, when an infinitival form is governed by a modal verb or by the negative verb ʔī́sɑme, the infinitive is always placed before the conjugated modal form.
