Hudío Phonology: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:40, 1 January 2021

Pronunciation table

אַ	בּ	ב	דּ	ד	אֶ	אְ	גּ	ג	ה	אִ	י	כּ	כ	ל	מ	נ	אָ	פּ	פ	ר	ס	ש	תּ	ת	אֻ	ו	ז	צ	ע
a	b	v	ḋ	d	e	ė	ġ	g	h	i	j	k	ħ	l	m	n	o	p	f	r	s	ṡ	ṭ	t	u	w	z	ż	'
/ä/	/b/	/β/	/d/	/ð/	/e/	/ə/	/g/	/ʝ/	/h/	/i/	/j/	/k/	/ç/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/o/	/p/	/φ/	/ɾ/	/s/	/ʃ/	/t/	/θ/	/u/	/w/	/z/	/ʦ/	/ʔ/

Notes

The alphabetic order is a modified Latin order, keeping the begadkepat consonants (b, d, g, k, p, t) together.
- /d/-/ð/, /t/-/θ/, and /g/-/ʝ/ are differenced with a dot on the voiced consonant, like the Hebrew dagesh kal.
- /b/-/β/, /k/-/ç/, and /p/-/f/ make use of the Latin letters.
The begadkepat consonants lenite into their corresponding fricatives when they follow a vowel (דַּבַר, davar, word; מִדבַּר, midbar, desert), but not when they are word final (מֶ֜לֶכּ, mélek, king).
- This lenition does not occur in some borrowed words, e.g., hurikan הֻרִכַּך.
- The addition of the definite article הַ ha does not lenite a following consonant.
/ə/ makes use of the overdot used on the consonants.
<ħ> and <ż> are taken from the Maltese alphabet.
/ʃ/ makes use of the overdot as if it were the shin dot.

Phonology

Consonant chart

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Glottal
Nasal	<m> /m/ מ/ם	<n> /n/ נ/ן
Voiceless Stop	<p> /p/ פּ	<ṭ> /t/ תּ¹		<k> /k/ כּ²		<'> /ʔ/ ע³
Voiced Stop	<b> /b/ בּ	<ḍ> /d/ דּ		<ġ> /g/ גּ
Sibilant Affricate			<ż> /ʦ/ צ/ץ
Voiceless Sibilant Fricative		<s> /s/ ס		<ṡ> /ʃ/ ש⁴		<h> /h/ ה⁵
Voiced Sibilant Fricative		<z> /z/ ז
Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative	<f> /f/ פ/ף	<t> /θ/ ת		<ħ> /ç/ כ/ך⁶
Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative	<v> /v/ ב	<d> /ð/ ד		<g> /ɣ/ ג
Approximant	<w> /w/ ו				<j> /j/ י
Trill			<r> /ɾ/ ר
Lateral approximant		<l> /l/ ל

Notes

¹ ט (Tet) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת (Taf) /t/.
² ק (Quf) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כּ (Ka).
³ The glottal stop (Ayin <ע> /ʔ/ is used to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַ֜עַר, ná'ar, boy, or <ė> /ə/ from a vowel, e.g., סְעׇרַ sė'ora, barley.
⁴ שׂ (Sin) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס (Sámeħ). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin.
⁵ ה (He) has been deleted when syllable final.
⁶ ח (Heth) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (Ka).
Use of the five final forms is optional.
There are no geminate consonants.

Vowel chart

	Front	Near Front	Cental	Back
Close	i /i/~/ɪ/¹ אִ			u /u/ אֻ
Close-mid	e /e/~/ɛ/² אֶ			o אׇ
Mid			ė³ <ə> אְ
Open		a אַ

Notes

¹ The two phonemes are allophonic. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables, e.g., גִּבַ giva, hill /giβa/; אִש iš, man /ɪʃ/. However, /i/ is retained in the plural suffix -im /im/.
² The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, e.g., מֶ֜לֶכ méleħ /ˈmelɛç/, king; מֶלכִּם melkim /mɛlˈkim/, kings.
All vowels are of equal length.

Grammar

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Pronunciation table==
 {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1000px;"
-|<center>אַ</center>
+!<center>אַ</center>
-|בּ
+!בּ
-|ב
+!ב
-|דּ
+!דּ
-|ד
+!ד
-|אֶ
+!אֶ
-|אְ
+!אְ
-|גּ
+!גּ
-|ג
+!ג
-|ה
+!ה
-|אִ
+!אִ
-|י
+!י
-|כּ
+!כּ
-|כ
+!כ
-|ל
+!ל
-|מ
+!מ
-|נ
+!נ
-|אָ
+!אָ
-|פּ
+!פּ
-|פ
+!פ
-|ר
+!ר
-|ס
+!ס
-|ש
+!ש
-|תּ
+!תּ
-|ת
+!ת
-|אֻ
+!אֻ
-|ו
+!ו
-|ז
+!ז
-|צ
+!צ
-|ע
+!ע
 |-
-!<center>a</center>
+|<center>a</center>
-!b
+|b
-!v
+|v
-!ḋ
+|ḋ
-!d
+|d
-!e
+|e
-!ė
+|ė
-!ġ
+|ġ
-!g
+|g
-!h
+|h
-!i
+|i
-!j
+|j
-!k
+|k
-!ħ
+|ħ
-!l
+|l
-!m
+|m
-!n
+|n
-!o
+|o
-!p
+|p
-!f
+|f
-!r
+|r
-!s
+|s
-!ṡ
+|ṡ
-!ṭ
+|ṭ
-!t
+|t
-!u
+|u
-!w
+|w
-!z
+|z
-!ż
+|ż
-!'
+|'
 |-
 |/ä/
@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 **This lenition does not occur in some borrowed words, ''e.g.'', '''hurikan''' הֻרִכַּך.
 **The addition of the definite article הַ '''ha''' does not lenite a following consonant.
-*/ə/ makes use of the [[Wikipedia:Dot (diacritic)#Overdot|overdot]] used on the other consonants.
+*/ə/ makes use of the [[Wikipedia:Dot (diacritic)#Overdot|overdot]] used on the consonants.
-*<ħ>, <ż>, and <z> are taken from the [[Wikipedia:Maltese alphabet|Maltese alphabet]].
+*<ħ> and <ż> are taken from the [[Wikipedia:Maltese alphabet|Maltese alphabet]].
 */ʃ/ makes use of the overdot as if it were the shin dot.
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
-| align=center | <c>  /ʦ/<br>צ/ץ
+| align=center | <ż>  /ʦ/<br>צ/ץ
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 157: / Line 157: @@
 | align=center | <nowiki><s></nowiki>  /s/<br>ס
 | align=center |
-| align=center | <x>  /ʃ/<br>ש<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
+| align=center | <ṡ>  /ʃ/<br>ש<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
 | align=center |
 | align=center | <h>  /h/<br>ה<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup>
@@ Line 173: / Line 173: @@
 | align=center | <t>  /θ/<br>ת
 | align=center |
-| align=center | <j>  /ç/<br>כ/ך<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup>
+| align=center | <ħ>  /ç/<br>כ/ך<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup>
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
-| align=center | <y>  /j/<br>י
+| align=center | <j>  /j/<br>י
 | align=center |
 |-
@@ Line 213: / Line 213: @@
 *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> ט ([[Wikipedia:Teth|Tet]]) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת ([[Wikipedia:Taw|Taf]]) /t/.
 *<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> ק ([[Wikipedia:Qoph|Quf]]) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כּ ([[Wikipedia:Ka|Ka]]).
-*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The glottal stop ([[Wikipedia:Ayin|Ayin]] <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַ֜עַר, '''ná'ar''', boy.
+*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The glottal stop ([[Wikipedia:Ayin|Ayin]] <ע> /ʔ/ is used to separate the same contiguous vowels, ''e.g.'', נַ֜עַר, '''ná'ar''', boy, or <ė> /ə/ from a vowel, ''e.g.'', סְעׇרַ sė'ora''', barley.
-*<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> שׂ ([[Wikipedia:Shin (letter)|Sin]]) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס ([[Wikipedia:Samekh|Sámex]]). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin.
+*<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> שׂ ([[Wikipedia:Shin (letter)|Sin]]) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס ([[Wikipedia:Samekh|Sámeħ]]). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin.
 *<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> ה ([[Wikipedia:He (letter)|He]]) has been deleted when syllable final.
 *<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> ח ([[Wikipedia:Heth|Heth]]) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ ([[Wikipedia:Ka|Ka]]).
@@ Line 244: / Line 244: @@
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
-| align=center | ă<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> <ə><br>אְ
+| align=center | ė<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> <ə><br>אְ
 | align=center |
 |-
@@ Line 256: / Line 256: @@
 ====Notes====
 *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The two phonemes are [[Wikipedia:Allophone|allophonic]]. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables, ''e.g.'', גִּבַ '''giva''', hill /giβa/; אִש '''iš''', man /ɪʃ/. However, /i/ is retained in the plural suffix '''-im''' /im/.
-*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, ''e.g.'', מֶ֜לֶכ '''mélex''' /melɛç/, king; מֶלכִּם '''melkim''' /mɛlkim/, kings.
+*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, ''e.g.'', מֶ֜לֶכ '''méleħ''' /ˈmelɛç/, king; מֶלכִּם '''melkim''' /mɛlˈkim/, kings.
 *All vowels are of equal length.
 [[Hudío Grammar|Grammar]]

Hudío Phonology: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:40, 1 January 2021

Contents

Pronunciation table

Notes

Phonology

Consonant chart

Notes

Vowel chart

Notes

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