Hudío Phonology: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
m (Revisions.) |
m (Revisions.) |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
!b | !b | ||
!v | !v | ||
!c | |||
!ḍ | |||
!d | !d | ||
!e | !e | ||
!ġ | |||
!g | !g | ||
!h | !h | ||
!i | !i | ||
!k | !k | ||
! | !j | ||
!l | !l | ||
!m | !m | ||
| Line 24: | Line 25: | ||
!r | !r | ||
!s | !s | ||
! | !ṭ | ||
!t | !t | ||
!u | !u | ||
!w | !w | ||
!x | |||
!y | !y | ||
!z | !z | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
|בּ | |בּ | ||
|ב | |ב | ||
|צ | |||
|דּ | |דּ | ||
|ד | |ד | ||
|אֵ | |אֵ | ||
|גּ | |גּ | ||
| Line 55: | Line 56: | ||
|ר | |ר | ||
|ס | |ס | ||
|תּ | |תּ | ||
|ת | |ת | ||
|אֻ | |אֻ | ||
|ו | |ו | ||
|ש | |||
|י | |י | ||
|ז | |ז | ||
| Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
|/b/ | |/b/ | ||
|/β/ | |/β/ | ||
|/ʦ/ | |||
|/d/ | |/d/ | ||
|/ð/ | |/ð/ | ||
| Line 86: | Line 87: | ||
|/ɾ/ | |/ɾ/ | ||
|/s/ | |/s/ | ||
|/t/ | |/t/ | ||
|/θ/ | |/θ/ | ||
|/u/ | |/u/ | ||
|/w/ | |/w/ | ||
|/ʃ/ | |||
|/j/ | |/j/ | ||
|/z/ | |/z/ | ||
| Line 99: | Line 99: | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
*The alphabetic order is a modified Latin order, keeping the [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|begadkepat]] consonants (b, d, g, k, p, t) together. | *The alphabetic order is a modified Latin order, keeping the [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|begadkepat]] consonants (b, d, g, k, p, t) together. | ||
*The begadkepat consonants [[Wikipedia:Lenition|lenite]] into their corresponding fricatives when they follow a vowel, either between two vowels (דַּבַר, '''davar''', word) or word final (מֶ֜לֶכ, '''mélex''', king). This lenition does not occur in some borrowed words, ''e.g.'', '''hurikan''' הֻרִכַּך. | *The begadkepat consonants [[Wikipedia:Lenition|lenite]] into their corresponding fricatives when they follow a vowel, either between two vowels (דַּבַר, '''davar''', word) or word final (מֶ֜לֶכ, '''mélex''', king). | ||
**This lenition does not occur in some borrowed words, ''e.g.'', '''hurikan''' הֻרִכַּך. | |||
**The addition of the definite article הַ '''ha''' does not lenite a following consonant. | |||
*The [[Wikipedia:Dagesh|dagesh]] is used to mark the stop consonants. | *The [[Wikipedia:Dagesh|dagesh]] is used to mark the stop consonants. | ||
| Line 125: | Line 127: | ||
!Voiceless Stop | !Voiceless Stop | ||
| align=center | <nowiki><p></nowiki> /p/<br>פּ | | align=center | <nowiki><p></nowiki> /p/<br>פּ | ||
| align=center | < | | align=center | <ṭ> /t/<br>תּ<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | <k> /k/<br>כּ<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> | | align=center | <k> /k/<br>כּ<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> | ||
| Line 133: | Line 135: | ||
!Voiced Stop | !Voiced Stop | ||
| align=center | <nowiki><b></nowiki> /b/<br>בּ | | align=center | <nowiki><b></nowiki> /b/<br>בּ | ||
| align=center | < | | align=center | <ḍ> /d/<br>דּ | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | < | | align=center | <ġ> /g/<br>גּ | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| Line 142: | Line 144: | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | < | | align=center | <c> /ʦ/<br>צ/ץ | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| Line 151: | Line 153: | ||
| align=center | <nowiki><s></nowiki> /s/<br>ס | | align=center | <nowiki><s></nowiki> /s/<br>ס | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | < | | align=center | <x> /ʃ/<br>ש<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | <h> /h/<br>ה<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> | | align=center | <h> /h/<br>ה<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> | ||
| Line 165: | Line 167: | ||
!Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative | !Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative | ||
| align=center | <f> /f/<br>פ/ף | | align=center | <f> /f/<br>פ/ף | ||
| align=center | < | | align=center | <t> /θ/<br>ת | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | < | | align=center | <j> /ç/<br>כ/ך<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| Line 173: | Line 175: | ||
!Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative | !Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative | ||
| align=center | <v> /v/<br>ב | | align=center | <v> /v/<br>ב | ||
| align=center | < | | align=center | <d> /ð/<br>ד | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | <g> /ɣ/<br>ג | | align=center | <g> /ɣ/<br>ג | ||
| Line 205: | Line 207: | ||
====Notes==== | ====Notes==== | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> ט [[Wikipedia:Teth|Tet]] /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת [[Wikipedia:Taw|Taf]] /t/. | *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> ט ([[Wikipedia:Teth|Tet]]) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת ([[Wikipedia:Taw|Taf]]) /t/. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> ק [[Wikipedia:Qoph|Quf]] has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כּ [[Wikipedia:Ka|Ka]]. | *<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> ק ([[Wikipedia:Qoph|Quf]]) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כּ ([[Wikipedia:Ka|Ka]]). | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The glottal stop [[Wikipedia:Ayin|Ayin]] <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַ֜עַר, '''ná'ar''', boy. | *<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> The glottal stop ([[Wikipedia:Ayin|Ayin]] <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַ֜עַר, '''ná'ar''', boy. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> שׂ [[Wikipedia:Shin (letter)|Sin]] /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס [[Wikipedia:Samekh|Sámex]]. Thus the dot is not needed for Shin. | *<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> שׂ ([[Wikipedia:Shin (letter)|Sin]]) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס ([[Wikipedia:Samekh|Sámex]]). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> ה [[Wikipedia:He (letter)|He]] has been deleted when syllable final. | *<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> ה ([[Wikipedia:He (letter)|He]]) has been deleted when syllable final. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> ח [[Wikipedia:Heth|Heth]] has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ Ka. | *<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> ח ([[Wikipedia:Heth|Heth]]) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ ([[Wikipedia:Ka|Ka]]). | ||
* Use of the five final forms is optional. | * Use of the five final forms is optional. | ||
* There are no geminate consonants. | * There are no geminate consonants. | ||
| Line 238: | Line 240: | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
| align=center | ă <ə><br>אְ | | align=center | ă<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> <ə><br>אְ | ||
| align=center | | | align=center | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 19:22, 17 December 2020
Pronunciation table
| ă | b | v | c | ḍ | d | e | ġ | g | h | i | k | j | l | m | n | o | p | f | r | s | ṭ | t | u | w | x | y | z | ' | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אְ | בּ | ב | צ | דּ | ד | אֵ | גּ | ג | ה | אִ | כּ | כ | ל | מ | נ | אָ | פּ | פ | ר | ס | תּ | ת | אֻ | ו | ש | י | ז | ע | |
| /ä/ | /ə/ | /b/ | /β/ | /ʦ/ | /d/ | /ð/ | /e/ | /g/ | /ʝ/ | /h/ | /i/ | /k/ | /ç/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /o/ | /p/ | /φ/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /t/ | /θ/ | /u/ | /w/ | /ʃ/ | /j/ | /z/ | /ʔ/ |
Notes
- The alphabetic order is a modified Latin order, keeping the begadkepat consonants (b, d, g, k, p, t) together.
- The begadkepat consonants lenite into their corresponding fricatives when they follow a vowel, either between two vowels (דַּבַר, davar, word) or word final (מֶ֜לֶכ, mélex, king).
- This lenition does not occur in some borrowed words, e.g., hurikan הֻרִכַּך.
- The addition of the definite article הַ ha does not lenite a following consonant.
- The dagesh is used to mark the stop consonants.
Phonology
Consonant chart
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | <m> /m/ מ/ם |
<n> /n/ נ/ן |
||||
| Voiceless Stop | <p> /p/ פּ |
<ṭ> /t/ תּ1 |
<k> /k/ כּ2 |
<'> /ʔ/ ע3 | ||
| Voiced Stop | <b> /b/ בּ |
<ḍ> /d/ דּ |
<ġ> /g/ גּ |
|||
| Sibilant Affricate | <c> /ʦ/ צ/ץ |
|||||
| Voiceless Sibilant Fricative | <s> /s/ ס |
<x> /ʃ/ ש4 |
<h> /h/ ה5 | |||
| Voiced Sibilant Fricative | <z> /z/ ז |
|||||
| Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative | <f> /f/ פ/ף |
<t> /θ/ ת |
<j> /ç/ כ/ך6 |
|||
| Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative | <v> /v/ ב |
<d> /ð/ ד |
<g> /ɣ/ ג |
|||
| Approximant | <w> /w/ ו |
<y> /j/ י |
||||
| Trill | <r> /ɾ/ ר |
|||||
| Lateral approximant | <l> /l/ ל |
Notes
- 1 ט (Tet) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת (Taf) /t/.
- 2 ק (Quf) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כּ (Ka).
- 3 The glottal stop (Ayin <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַ֜עַר, ná'ar, boy.
- 4 שׂ (Sin) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס (Sámex). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin.
- 5 ה (He) has been deleted when syllable final.
- 6 ח (Heth) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (Ka).
- Use of the five final forms is optional.
- There are no geminate consonants.
Vowel chart
| Front | Near Front | Cental | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/~/ɪ/1 אִ |
u /u/ אֻ | ||
| Close-mid | e /e/~/ɛ/2 אֶ |
o אׇ | ||
| Mid | ă3 <ə> אְ |
|||
| Open | a אַ |
Notes
- 1 The two phonemes are allophonic. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables, e.g., גִּבַ giva, hill /giβa/; אִש iš, man /ɪʃ/. However, /i/ is retained in the plural suffix -im /im/.
- 2 The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, e.g., מֶ֜לֶכ mélex /melɛç/, king; מֶלכִּם melkim /mɛlkim/, kings.
- All vowels are of equal length.
