Hudío Phonology: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:11, 11 December 2020

a	ă	b	v	d	đ	e	g	ģ	h	i	k	x	l	m	n	o	p	f	r	s	ț	ș	t	ŧ	u	w	y	z	'
אַ	אְ	בּ	ב	דּ	ד	אֵ	גּ	ג	ה	אִ	כּ	כ	ל	מ	נ	אָ	פּ	פ	ר	ס	צ	ש	תּ	ת	אֻ	ו	י	ז	ע
/ä/	/ə/	/b/	/v/	/d/	/ð/	/e/	/g/	/ʝ/	/h/	/i/	/k/	/ç/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/o/	/p/	/f/	/ɾ/	/s/	/ʦ/	/ʃ/	/t/	/θ/	/u/	/w/	/j/	/z/	/ʔ/

The alphabetic order is a modified Latin order, keeping the begadkepat consonants (b, d, g, k, p, t) together.
The begadkepat consonants lenite into their corresponding fricatives before a consonant, when they occur between two vowels (דַּבַר, davar, word) (except in some borrowed words, e.g., hurikan הֻרִכַּך) or are word final (מֶ֜לֶכ, mélex, king).
The dagesh is used to mark the stop consonants.

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Glottal
Nasal	<m> /m/ מ/ם	<n> /n/ נ/ן
Voiceless Stop	<p> /p/ פּ	<t> /t/ תּ¹		<k> /k/ כּ²		<'> /ʔ/ ע³
Voiced Stop	<b> /b/ בּ	<d> /d/ דּ		<g> /g/ גּ
Sibilant Affricate			<ț> /ʦ/ צ/ץ
Voiceless Sibilant Fricative		<s> /s/ ס		<ș> /ʃ/ ש⁴		<h> /h/ ה⁵
Voiced Sibilant Fricative		<z> /z/ ז
Voiceless Non-sibilant Fricative	<f> /f/ פ/ף	<ŧ> /θ/ ת		<x> /ç/ כ/ך⁶
Voiced Non-sibilant Fricative	<v> /v/ ב	<đ> /ð/ ד		<g> /ɣ/ ג
Approximant	<w> /w/ ו				<y> /j/ י
Trill			<r> /ɾ/ ר
Lateral approximant		<l> /l/ ל

¹ ט (Tet) /t/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ת (Taf) /t/.
² ק (Quf) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כּ (Ka).
³ The glottal stop (Ayin <ע> /ʔ/ is used only to separate the same contiguous vowels, e.g., נַ֜עַר, ná'ar, boy.
⁴ שׂ (Sin) /s/ has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by ס (sámex). Thus the dot is not needed for Shin.
⁵ ה (He) has been deleted when syllable final.
⁶ ח (Heth) has been deleted from the alphabet and replaced in all instances by כ (Ka).
Use of the five final forms is optional.
There are no geminate consonants.

	Front	Near Front	Cental	Back
Close	i /i/~/ɪ/¹ אִ			u /u/ אֻ
Close-mid	e /e/~/ɛ/² אֶ			o אׇ
Mid			ă <ə> אְ
Open		a אַ

¹ The two phonemes are allophonic. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables.
² The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, e.g., מֶ֜לֶכ, mélex /melɛç/, king; מֶלכִּם, melkim /mɛlkim/, kings.
All vowels are of equal length.

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 !e
 !g
-!ǧ
+!ģ
 !h
 !i
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 !r
 !s
-!ś
+!ț
-!š
+!ș
 !t
 !ŧ
@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
-| align=center | <ś>  /ʦ/<br>צ/ץ
+| align=center | <ț>  /ʦ/<br>צ/ץ
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
@@ Line 151: / Line 151: @@
 | align=center | <nowiki><s></nowiki>  /s/<br>ס
 | align=center |
-| align=center | <š>  /ʃ/<br>ש<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
+| align=center | <ș>  /ʃ/<br>ש<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup>
 | align=center |
 | align=center | <h>  /h/<br>ה<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup>
@@ Line 238: / Line 238: @@
 | align=center |
 | align=center |
-| align=center | ă<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> <ə><br>אְ
+| align=center | ă <ə><br>אְ
 | align=center |
 |-
@@ Line 251: / Line 251: @@
 *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The two phonemes are [[Wikipedia:Allophone|allophonic]]. /i/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɪ/ in closed syllables.
 *<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The two phonemes are allophonic. /e/ tends to be used in open syllables and /ɛ/ in closed syllables, ''e.g.'', מֶ֜לֶכ, '''mélex''' /melɛç/, king; מֶלכִּם, '''melkim''' /mɛlkim/, kings.
-*<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> Influenced by the Romanian [[Wikipedia:Ă|ă]].
 *All vowels are of equal length.
 [[Hudío Grammar|Grammar]]