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=== Determiners & Demostratives ===
The demonstratives can be prefixed to any noun to show [[Wikipedia:Deixis|deixis]]. Kala makes a three-way distinction. Typically there is a distinction between [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#Distal_and_proximal_demonstratives|proximal]] or first person (objects near to the speaker), [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#Distal_and_proximal_demonstratives|medial]] or second person (objects near to the addressee), and [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#Distal_and_proximal_demonstratives|distal]] or third person (objects far from both).
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* '''itla''' ('''i-''') - this (near me)
* '''uatla''' ('''ua-''') - that (near you)
* '''yetla''' ('''ye-''') - that (over there)
Examples:
* '''imitami''' - <small>PROX-dog-few</small> - ''These few dogs''
* '''yemitampa''' - <small>DIST-dog-many</small> - ''Those many dogs (over there)''
* '''uamitali''' - <small>MED-dog-each</small> - ''Each dog (each of those dogs) (near you)''
{{col-break}}
Quantifiers follow the noun that modify.
* '''kua''' ('''-kua''') - all; every; whole
* '''oli''' ('''-li''') - each; every
* '''ula''' ('''-la''') - whatever; any; some
* '''mi''' ('''-mi''') - few; little
* '''nke''' ('''-k''') - none
* '''mpa''' ('''-mpa''') - many; much; a lot
* '''maha''' - more; plus
* '''ohi''' - less; fewer
{{col-end}}


=== Correlatives ===
=== Correlatives ===

Revision as of 16:41, 9 December 2020


Correlatives

correlatives
Proximal
i-
Medial
ua-
Distal
ye-
Inclusive
-kua
Negative
-k
Indefinite
-la
mo
(place)
hina
here
uana
there
yemua
over there
mokua
everywhere
mok
nowhere
mola
somewhere; anywhere
ko
(person)
iko
this person
uako
that person
yeko
that person
(over there)
tlokua
everyone
tlok
no one
kola
someone; anyone
uku
(amount)
iku
this much
uaku
that much
- kua
all; every
ok
none
ula
some; any
ama
(time)
ima
now, at present
uama
then; at that time
- kuama
always
amak
never
tlama
sometime; anytime
so
(kind, type)
iso
this kind
so'o
that kind
yeso
that kind
(over there)
sokua
all kinds
sok
no kind (at all)
sola
some/any kind
no
(thing)
itla
this
uatla
that
yetla
that
(over there)
nokua
everything
nok
nothing; none
nola
something; anything
to
(manner, way)
yoto
thus; like this; this way
uato
that way
ato
that way
(over there)
tokua
every way
tok
no way
tola
somehow; anyway

Syntax

  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Delta_Naidda

Basic Word Order

The default word order in Kala is SOV, although case marking allows some flexibility.

  • mita tlakan yatsiye
dog man-ACC bite-PST
The dog bit the man.

Derivation

Gemination

Gemination is only found as a product of word compounding and not as a phonological process, however it affects the pronunciation as the phonemic variation is lost and all geminated consonants are voiceless. naka (woman) can be /ˈnaːka/ or /ˈnaːga/, whereas nakkan (chieftess) can only be /ˈnaːkkan/. All consonants except for semivowels can undergo gemination.

Sample

Lexicon