Sounds of Old Adpihi: Difference between revisions

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=====Proto-Adpihi's Consonants=====
==Proto-Adpihi's Consonants==


Most of Proto-Adpihi's consonants, like all of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.
Most of Proto-Adpihi's consonants, like all of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.
Line 47: Line 47:
[[Voiced postalveolar affricate|d̠ʒ]]  
[[Voiced postalveolar affricate|d̠ʒ]]  


'''Vowels'''
{|
| || Front || || Central || || Back
|-
| Close || i · y || || ɨ · ʉ || || ɯ · u
|-
| || || ɪ · ʏ || || ʊ
|-
| Close-mid || e · ø || || ɘ · ɵ || || ɤ · o
|-
| || || || ə
|-
| Open-mid || ɛ · œ || || ɜ · ɞ || || ʌ · ɔ
|-
| || æ || || ɐ
|-
| Open || a · ɶ || || || || ɑ · ɒ
|}


'''Other Symbols'''
==Old Adpihi's Consonants==
{|
| [[Voiceless labial-velar fricative|ʍ]] Voiceless labial-velar fricative
|-
| [[Labial-velar approximant|w]] Voiced labial-velar approximant
|-
| [[Labial-palatal approximant|ɥ]] Voiced labial-palatal approximant
|-
| [[Voiceless epiglottal fricative|ʜ]] Voiceless epiglottal fricative
|-
| [[Voiced epiglottal fricative|ʢ]] Voiced epiglottal fricative
|-
| [[Epiglottal stop|ʔ]] Epiglottal plosive
|-
| [[Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]] [[Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]] Alveolo-palatal fricatives
|-
| [[Lateral alveolar flap|ɺ]] Lateral alveolar flap
|-
| [[Voiceless postalveolar-velar fricative|ɧ]] Simultaneous [[Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] and [[Voiceless velar fricative|x]].
|-
| Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.


[[Voiceless labial-velar stop|k͡p]] [[Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]
All of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.
|}


'''Suprasegmentals'''
'''Pulmonic Consonants'''
{|
{|
| ˈ || Primary stress || ˌfoʊnəˈtɪʃən
| || Bilabial || Labiodental || Dental || Alveolar || Postalveolar || Retroflex || Palatal || Velar || Uvular || Pharyngeal || Glottal
|-
|-
| ˌ || Secondary stress
| Plosive || [[Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] [[Voiced bilabial stop|b]] ||  || [[Voiceless dental stop|t̪]] [[Voiced dental stop|d̪]] || [[Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] [[Voiced alveolar stop|d]] ||  ||  || [[Voiceless palatal stop|c]]  || [[Voiceless velar stop|k]] [[Voiced velar stop|ɡ]] ||  || || [[Glottal stop|ʔ]]
|-
|-
| ː || Long || eː
| Nasal || [[Bilabial nasal|m]] ||  || [[Dental nasal|n̪]] || [[Alveolar nasal|n]] ||  ||  || [[Palatal nasal|ɲ]] || [[Velar nasal|ŋ]] ||  
|-
|-
| ˑ || Half-long || eˑ
| Trill ||  || ||  || [[Alveolar trill|r]] ||  || || ||  
|-
|-
| ˘ || Extra short || ĕ
| Tap or Flap || || ||  ||  ||  || [[Retroflex flap|ɽ]]
|-
|-
| . || Syllable break || ɹi.ækt
| Fricative ||   || [[Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] [[Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || [[Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]  || [[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] [[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]  ||  ||  || [[Voiceless velar fricative|x]]  ||  ||  || [[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]
|-
|-
| || Minor (foot) group
| Lateral fricative || || ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
|-
| || Major (intonation) group
| Approximant || [[Bilabial approximant|β̞]] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[Palatal approximant|j]] ||  ||  ||  
|-
|-
| ‿ || Linking (absence of a break)
| Lateral approximant || || ||  || [[Lateral alveolar approximant|l]] ||  ||  ||  ||  
|}
|}


'''Tones & Word Accents'''
Old and Middle Adpihi had no ejective consonants.
{|
! Level !! Contour
|-
| e̋ or ˥
|-
| é    ˦
|-
| ē    ˧
|-
| è    ˨
|-
| ȅ    ˩
|}
 
'''Diacritics'''
{|
|  ̥ || Voiceless [[Voiceless alveolar nasal|n̥]] [[Voiceless alveolar stop|d̥]] ||  ̤ || Breathy voiced [[Breathy voiced bilabial stop|b̤]] [[Breathy voiced open front vowel|a̤]] ||  ̪ || Dental [[Voiceless dental stop|t̪]] [[Voiced dental stop|d̪]]
|-
|  ̬ || Voiced [[Voiced alveolar fricative|s̬]] [[Voiced alveolar stop|t̬]] ||  ̰ || Creaky voiced [[Creaky voiced bilabial stop|b̰]] [[Creaky voiced open front vowel|a̰]] ||  ̺ || Apical [[Voiceless apical alveolar stop|t̺]] [[Voiced apical alveolar stop|d̺]]
|-
| ʰ || Aspirated [[Voiceless aspirated alveolar stop|tʰ]] [[Voiced aspirated alveolar stop|dʰ]] ||  ̼ || Linguolabial [[Voiceless linguolabial stop|t̼]] [[Voiced linguolabial stop|d̼]] ||  ̻ || Laminal [[Voiceless laminal alveolar stop|t̻]] [[Voiced laminal alveolar stop|d̻]]
|-
| ˒ || More rounded ɔ̜ || ʷ || Labialized [[Voiceless labialized alveolar stop|tʷ]] [[Voiced labialized alveolar stop|dʷ]] || ~ || Nasalized [[Nasalized close-mid front vowel|ẽ]]
|-
| ˓ || Less rounded ɔ̹ || ʲ || Palatalized [[Voiceless palatalized alveolar stop|tʲ]] [[Voiced palatalized alveolar stop|dʲ]]
|-
| ˖ || Advanced [[Close back-central rounded vowel|u̟]] || ˠ || Velarized [[Voiceless velarized alveolar stop|tˠ]] [[Voiced velarized alveolar stop||dˠ]] || ˡ || Lateral release [[Voiced lateral alveolar stop|dˡ]]
|-
| ˗ || Retracted [[Close front-central vowel|i̠]] || ˤ || Pharyngealized [[Voiceless pharyngealized alveolar stop|tˤ]] [[Voiced pharyngealized alveolar stop|dˤ]] ||  ̚ || No audible release [[Unreleased voiced alveolar stop|d̚]]
|-
| ¨ || Centralized ë ||  ̴ || Velarized or pharyngealized [[ɫ]]
|-
| ̽ || Mid-centralized e̽ || ˔ || Raised e̝ ([[Voiced alveolar fricative|ɹ̝]] = Voiced alveolar fricative)
|}


[[Category:Phonetic alphabets]]
Old and Middle Adpihi had no aspirated consonants, nor any affricatives.

Revision as of 14:29, 20 July 2006

Proto-Adpihi's Consonants

Most of Proto-Adpihi's consonants, like all of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.

Pulmonic Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d c k ɡ ʔ
Nasal m n̪ n ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Tap or Flap ɽ
Fricative f v θ s z ʃ ʒ x h
Lateral fricative
Approximant β̞ j
Lateral approximant l

Proto-Adpihi apparently had one ejective consonant.

Non-pulmonic Consonants

Clicks Voiced Implosives Ejectives
kʼ Velar

Also there were, apparently; kʰ pʰ t̠ʃ d̠ʒ


Old Adpihi's Consonants

All of Old and Middle Adpihi's and Reptigan's consonants, were on an egressive pulmonic airstream.

Pulmonic Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d c k ɡ ʔ
Nasal m n̪ n ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Tap or Flap ɽ
Fricative f v θ s z ʃ x h
Lateral fricative
Approximant β̞ j
Lateral approximant l

Old and Middle Adpihi had no ejective consonants.

Old and Middle Adpihi had no aspirated consonants, nor any affricatives.

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