Senjecas - by: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
===Pronunciation table===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
!f
!f
!v
!v
!ƿ
!m̃
!m
!m
|
|
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!þ
!þ
!ð
!ð
!ł
!ɫ
!l
!l
|
|
|
|
!c
!ṡ
!ƶ
!ż
!s
!s
!z
!z
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!g
!g
!x
!x
!ᵹ
!ƣ
!h
!h
!ȝ
!ȝ
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|
|
!š
!š
!ṡ
!s̨
|
|
|
|
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!e
!e
!a
!a
!ɔ
!õ
!o
!o
!u
!u
|
|
|
|
!ı
!ĭ
!ɛ
!ĕ
!y
!ŭ
|-
|-
|/p/
|/p/
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|/ɸ/
|/ɸ/
|/β/
|/β/
|/m̊/
|/m̥/
|/m/
|/m/
|
|
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|
|
|/ɪ/
|/ɪ/
|/ɛ/
|/ĕ/
|/ʊ/
|/ʊ/
|}
|}
===Glossing abbreviations===
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|
|}


===Postposition===
===Postposition===
*1. '''ȝóba''' indicates near or next to  
*1. '''ȝóba''' - near or next to
::'''nu-ƿę̋so dąe̋s ȝóba e̋sa:'''
::'''su-m̃e̋e̋so daae̋s ȝóba e̋sa:'''
::His house is by the river.
::His house is by the river.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!nu=ƿę̋s-o||dą-e̋s||ȝóba||e̋s-a
!su=m̃e̋e̋s-o||daa-e̋s||ȝóba||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|his=house-NOM.SG||river-GEN.SG||by||be.IND
|his=house-N.s||river-G.s||by||be-IND
|}
|}


*2. '''dúna''' indicates at some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval
 
::'''ƿús ilmaha̋s dúna ną̋nu ke̋la:'''
*2. '''dúna''' - at some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval
::'''m̃us ilmaha̋s dúna na̋a̋nu ke̋la:'''
::We have to be back by Sunday.
::We have to be back by Sunday.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ƿ-us||ilmah-a̋s||dúna||ną̋n-u||ke̋l-a
!m̃-us||ilm-ah-a̋s||dúna||na̋a̋n-u||ke̋l-a
|-
|-
|1p-NOM||Sunday-GEN.SG||by||return-SUP||have.to-IND
|1p-G||Ilmu-day-G.s||by||return-SUP||must-IND
|}
|}


*3. '''kía''' indicates the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice: through the action or presence of
 
::'''oƿta̋ðlu sųƿe̋s ápa nu-ðųkųrős kía ƿų̋raþu e-ı̋la:'''
*3. '''kía''' - the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice: through the action or presence of
::'''om̃ta̋ðlu suum̃e̋s ápa su-ðuukuurős kía m̃űűraþu e-ı̋la:'''
::The shepherd was protected from the rain by his rain cape.
::The shepherd was protected from the rain by his rain cape.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!oƿta̋ðl-u||sųƿ-e̋s||ápa||nu=ðų-kųr-ős||kía||ƿų̋r-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
!om̃ta̋ðl-u||suum̃-e̋s||ápa||su=ðuu-kuur-ős||kía||m̃űűr-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
|-
|-
|shepherd-NOM.SG||rain-GEN.SG||from||his=storm-cape-GEN.SG||by||protect-IND-PP-NOM.SG||PST=become-IND
|shepherd-N.s||rain-G.s||from||his=storm-cape-G.s||by||protect-IND-PP-N.s||PST=become-IND
|}
|}


*4. '''kía''' indicates the creator of a work
 
::'''i-ƿe̋lo pı̋nu a-ṗaþűs kía ȝa̋raþo e-ı̋la:'''
*4. '''kía''' - the creator of a work
::'''i-m̃e̋lo pı̋nu a-ƥaþűs kía ȝa̋raþo e-ı̋la:'''
::This poem was written by that little girl.
::This poem was written by that little girl.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!i=ƿe̋l-o||pı̋nu-Ø||a=ṗaþ-űs||kía||ȝa̋r-a-þ-o||e=ı̋l-a
!i=m̃e̋l-o||pı̋nu-Ø||a=ƥaþ-űs||kía||ȝa̋r-a-þ-o||e=ı̋l-a
|-
|-
|this=poem-NOM.SG||little-ABS||that=girl-GEN.SG||by||write-IND-PP-NOM.SG||PST=become-IND
|this=poem-N.s||little-ABS||that=girl-G.s||by||write-IND-PP-N.s||PST=become-IND
|}
|}


*5. '''ha''' indicates the cause of a condition or event: through the action of, caused by, responsibility for; by dint of
 
::'''őmu toƿős ha voutı̋ȝom vı̋du áfa sa̋baþu e-ı̋la:'''
*5. '''ha''' - the cause of a condition or event: through the action of, caused by, responsibility for; by dint of
::'''őmu tom̃ős ha voutı̋ȝom vı̋du áfa sa̋baþu e-ı̋la:'''
::The army was prevented by the snow from leaving the base.
::The army was prevented by the snow from leaving the base.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!őm-u||toƿ-ős||ha||voutı̋ȝ-om||vı̋d-u||áfa||sa̋b-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
!őm-u||tom̃-ős||ha||voutı̋ȝ-om||vı̋d-u||áfa||sa̋b-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
|-
|-
|army-NOM.SG||snow-GEN.SG||by||camp-ACC.SG||leave-SUP||from||prevent-IND-PP-NOM.SG||PST=become-IND
|army-N.s||snow-G.s||by||base-A.s||leave-SUP||from||prevent-IND-PP-N.s||PST=become-IND
|}
|}


*6. '''mǫ́da''' indicates a means: involving/using the means of
 
::'''ƿus ƿaðős éna kőskom ta̋ru mǫ́da ṭe̋gu mą̋ᵹa:'''
*6. '''móóda''' - a means: involving/using the means of
::'''m̃us m̃aðős éna ta̋ru móóda kőskom t̨e̋gu ma̋a̋ƣa:'''
::We can avoid the rapids by crossing at the ford.
::We can avoid the rapids by crossing at the ford.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ƿ-us||ƿað-ős||éna||kősk-om||ta̋r-u||mǫ́da||ṭe̋g-u||mą̋ᵹ-a
!m̃-us||m̃að-ős||éna||ta̋r-u||móóda||kősk-om||t̨e̋g-u||ma̋a̋ƣ-a
|-
|-
|1p-NOM||ford-GEN.SG||at||rapids-ACC.SG||cross-SUP||by||avoid-SUP||be.able-IND
|1p-N||ford-G.s||at||cross-SUP||by||rapids-A.s||avoid-SUP||be.able-IND
|}
|}


*7. '''f̣óþa''' Indicates a source of light  
 
::'''vę̋ðlu zęre̋s f̣óþa e̋inem e-na̋ka:'''
*7. '''f̨óþa''' - using a source of light  
::'''ve̋e̋ðlu zeere̋s f̨óþa e̋inem e-na̋ka:'''
::The hunter saw the deer by the light of the moon.
::The hunter saw the deer by the light of the moon.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!vę̋ðl-u||zęr-e̋s||f̣óþa||e̋in-em||e=na̋k-a
!ve̋e̋ðl-u||zeer-e̋s||f̨óþa||e̋in-em||e=na̋k-a
|-
|-
|hunter-NOM.SG||moon-GEN.SG||by.light.of||deer.ACC.SG||PST=see-IND
|hunter-N.s||moon-G.s||by.the.light.of||deer-A.s||PST=see-IND
|}
|}


*8. '''dása''' indicates an authority, rule, or permission followed
::'''ną̋lo meðsedős dása fą̋raþu e-ı̋la:'''
::The land was sold by the authority of the court.


::{|Class=wikitable
*8. '''dása''' - an authority, rule, or permission followed.
!ną̋l-o||meðsed-ős||dása||fą̋r-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
::'''na̋a̋lo meðsedős dása fa̋a̋raþo e-ı̋la:'''
::The land was sold by the court.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!na̋a̋l-o||með-sed-ős||dása||fa̋a̋r-a-þ-o||e=ı̋l-a
|-
|-
|land-NOM.SG||court-GEN.SG||by.authority||sell-IND-PP-NOM.SG||PST=become-IND
|land-N.s||judge-seat-G.s||on.the.authority.of||sell-IND-PP-N.s||PST=become-IND
|}
|}


*9. '''méƿa''', in the formulae "X by X" and "by Xs", indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
 
::'''nus a̋han aha̋s méƿa pen dı̋lan gazőm éna e-dą̋ra:'''
*9. '''mém̃a''' - in the formulae ”X by X" and "by Xs", indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
::'''nus a̋han aha̋s mém̃a pe̋n dı̋lan gazőm éna e-da̋a̋ra''':
::Day by day, for five years, they worked in the fields.
::Day by day, for five years, they worked in the fields.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-us||a̋h-an||ah-a̋s||méƿa||pen||dı̋l-an||gaz-őm||éna||e=-dą̋r-a
!n-us||a̋h-an||ah-a̋s||mém̃a||pe̋n||dı̋l-an||gaz-őm||éna||e=da̋a̋r-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||day-ACC.SG||day-GEN.SG||by||five||year-ACC.PL||field-GEN.PL||in||PST=work-IND
|3-N.p||day-A.p||day-G.p||by||five||year-A.p||field-G.p||in||PST=work-IND
|}
|}


*10. '''épa''' indicates a referenced source: according to.
::'''nuše̋ða ƶęna̋s épa hűsu dődom e-a̋iða:'''
::According to his own admission the boy burned the stable.


::{|Class=wikitable
*10. '''épa''' - according to.
!nu=še̋ða-Ø||ƶęn-a̋s||épa||hűs-u||dőd-om||e=a̋ið-a
::'''hűsu su-še̋ða żeena̋s épa dődom e-a̋iða:'''
::By his own admission the boy burned the stable.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!hűs-u||su-še̋ða-Ø||żeen-a̋s||épa||dőd-om||e=a̋ið-a
|-
|-
|his=own-ABS||admission-GEN.SG||according.to||boy-NOM.SG||stable-ACC.SG||PST=burn-IND
|boy-N.s||his-own-ABS||admission-G.s||by||stable-A.s||PST=burn-IND
|}
|}


*11. '''óita''' indicates an oath: in the name of.
 
::'''m'. űpe cuke̋m óita. nom u-kı̋a:'''
*11. '''óita''' - indicates an oath: in the name of.
::'''m'. űpe ṡuke̋m óita. nom u-kı̋a:'''
::By all the stars above, I will do it.
::By all the stars above, I will do it.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-'||űpe-Ø||cuk--e̋m||óita||n-om||u=kı̋-a
!m-'||űpe-Ø||ṡuk-e̋m||óita||n-om||u=kı̋-a
|-
|-
|1s-EL||above-ABS||star-GEN.PL||by||3-ACC.SG||FUT=do-IND
|1-ELIS||above-ABS||star-G.p||by||3-A.s||FUT=do-IND
|}
|}


*12. '''nǫ́la''' is used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something
::'''zɔðlűs auste̋ro le̋sƿo tı̋r ve̋nhon ną̋l venhőm nǫ́la me̋a:'''
::The farmer's east pasture measures.


::{|Class=wikitable
*12. '''nóóla''' - separates dimensions when describing the size of something
!zɔðl-űs||auste̋ro-Ø||le̋sƿ-o||tı̋r||ve̋nh-o-'||ną̋l||venh-őm||nǫ́la||me̋-a
::'''zõðlűs auste̋ro le̋sm̃o na̋a̋l venhőm nóóla tı̋r ve̋nhon ka̋a̋pa:'''
::The farmer's east pasture measures three kilometers by four.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!zõðl-űs||auste̋ro-Ø||le̋sm̃-o||na̋a̋l||venh-őm||nóóla||tı̋r||ve̋nh-on||ka̋a̋p-a
|-
|-
|farmer-GEN.SG||east-ABS||pasture-NOM.SG||three||kilometer-ACC.PL-EL||four||kilometer-GEN.PL||by||measure-IND
|farmer-G.s||east-ABS||pasture-N.s||four||kilometer-G.p||by||three||kilometer-A.p||measure-IND
|}
|}


===Adverb===
===Adverb===
*13. '''ɔ́nu''' indicates along a path which runs by the speaker
*13. '''ṍnu''' - along a path which runs by the speaker
::'''ǧe̋nus e-ge̋þa. méti sőþlus ɔ́nu e-mı̋ma:'''
::'''ǧe̋nus e-ge̋þa. méti sőþlus ṍnu e-mı̋ma:'''
::The women watched as the soldiers rode by.
::The women watched as the soldiers rode by.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ǧe̋n-us||e=ge̋þ-a||méti||sőþl-us||ɔ́nu||e=mı̋m-a
!ǧe̋n-us||e=ge̋þ-a||méti||sőþl-us||ṍnu||e=mı̋m-a
|-
|-
|woman-NOM.SG||PST=watch-IND||as||soldier-NOM.PL||by||PST=ride-IND
|woman-N.p||PST=watch-IND||as||soldier-N.p||by||PST=ride-IND
|}
|}


*14. '''kómu''' indicates in the vicinity, near
::'''nu-tą̋ta kómu e-cűra. méti þu-sų̋nus ehe̋rős éna e-še̋ma:'''
::His father stood by as his son swam in the lake.


::{|Class=wikitable
*14. '''kómu''' - in the vicinity, near
!nu=tą̋t-a||kómu||e=cűr-a||méti||þu=sų̋n-us||ehe̋r-om||éna||e=še̋m-a
::'''ta̋a̋ta kómu e-ṡűra. méti su-sűűnu ehe̋rom éna e-še̋ma:'''
::The father stood by as his son swam in the lake.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!ta̋a̋t-a||kómu||e=ṡűr-a||méti||su=sűűn-u||ehe̋r-om||éna||e=še̋m-a
|-
|-
|his=father-NOM.SG||by||PST=stand-IND||as||his=son-NOM.SG||lake-ACC.SG||in||PST=swim-IND
|father-N.s||by||PST=stand-IND||as||his=son-N.s||lake-A.s||in||PST=swim-IND
|}
|}


*15. '''énu''' indicates to or at a place, as a residence or place of business
 
::'''ƿus dąra̋s pősa én' u-de̋usa''':
*15. '''énu''' - to or at a place, as a residence or place of business
::'''m̃us daara̋s pósa én' u-de̋usa:'''
::We'll stop by after work.
::We'll stop by after work.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ƿ-us||dąr-a̋s||pósa||én-'||u=de̋us-a
!m̃-us||daar-a̋s||pósa||én-'||u=de̋us-a
|-
|-
|1p-NOM||work-GEN.SG||after||by-EL||FUT=stop-IND
|1p-N||word-G.s||after||by-ELIS||FUT=stop-IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:53, 21 July 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a õ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ĕ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


Postposition

  • 1. ȝóba - near or next to
su-m̃e̋e̋so daae̋s ȝóba e̋sa:
His house is by the river.
su=m̃e̋e̋s-o daa-e̋s ȝóba e̋s-a
his=house-N.s river-G.s by be-IND


  • 2. dúna - at some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval
m̃us ilmaha̋s dúna na̋a̋nu ke̋la:
We have to be back by Sunday.
m̃-us ilm-ah-a̋s dúna na̋a̋n-u ke̋l-a
1p-G Ilmu-day-G.s by return-SUP must-IND


  • 3. kía - the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice: through the action or presence of
om̃ta̋ðlu suum̃e̋s ápa su-ðuukuurős kía m̃űűraþu e-ı̋la:
The shepherd was protected from the rain by his rain cape.
om̃ta̋ðl-u suum̃-e̋s ápa su=ðuu-kuur-ős kía m̃űűr-a-þ-u e=ı̋l-a
shepherd-N.s rain-G.s from his=storm-cape-G.s by protect-IND-PP-N.s PST=become-IND


  • 4. kía - the creator of a work
i-m̃e̋lo pı̋nu a-ƥaþűs kía ȝa̋raþo e-ı̋la:
This poem was written by that little girl.
i=m̃e̋l-o pı̋nu-Ø a=ƥaþ-űs kía ȝa̋r-a-þ-o e=ı̋l-a
this=poem-N.s little-ABS that=girl-G.s by write-IND-PP-N.s PST=become-IND


  • 5. ha - the cause of a condition or event: through the action of, caused by, responsibility for; by dint of
őmu tom̃ős ha voutı̋ȝom vı̋du áfa sa̋baþu e-ı̋la:
The army was prevented by the snow from leaving the base.
őm-u tom̃-ős ha voutı̋ȝ-om vı̋d-u áfa sa̋b-a-þ-u e=ı̋l-a
army-N.s snow-G.s by base-A.s leave-SUP from prevent-IND-PP-N.s PST=become-IND


  • 6. móóda - a means: involving/using the means of
m̃us m̃aðős éna ta̋ru móóda kőskom t̨e̋gu ma̋a̋ƣa:
We can avoid the rapids by crossing at the ford.
m̃-us m̃að-ős éna ta̋r-u móóda kősk-om t̨e̋g-u ma̋a̋ƣ-a
1p-N ford-G.s at cross-SUP by rapids-A.s avoid-SUP be.able-IND


  • 7. f̨óþa - using a source of light
ve̋e̋ðlu zeere̋s f̨óþa e̋inem e-na̋ka:
The hunter saw the deer by the light of the moon.
ve̋e̋ðl-u zeer-e̋s f̨óþa e̋in-em e=na̋k-a
hunter-N.s moon-G.s by.the.light.of deer-A.s PST=see-IND


  • 8. dása - an authority, rule, or permission followed.
na̋a̋lo meðsedős dása fa̋a̋raþo e-ı̋la:
The land was sold by the court.
na̋a̋l-o með-sed-ős dása fa̋a̋r-a-þ-o e=ı̋l-a
land-N.s judge-seat-G.s on.the.authority.of sell-IND-PP-N.s PST=become-IND


  • 9. mém̃a - in the formulae ”X by X" and "by Xs", indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
nus a̋han aha̋s mém̃a pe̋n dı̋lan gazőm éna e-da̋a̋ra:
Day by day, for five years, they worked in the fields.
n-us a̋h-an ah-a̋s mém̃a pe̋n dı̋l-an gaz-őm éna e=da̋a̋r-a
3-N.p day-A.p day-G.p by five year-A.p field-G.p in PST=work-IND


  • 10. épa - according to.
hűsu su-še̋ða żeena̋s épa dődom e-a̋iða:
By his own admission the boy burned the stable.
hűs-u su-še̋ða-Ø żeen-a̋s épa dőd-om e=a̋ið-a
boy-N.s his-own-ABS admission-G.s by stable-A.s PST=burn-IND


  • 11. óita - indicates an oath: in the name of.
m'. űpe ṡuke̋m óita. nom u-kı̋a:
By all the stars above, I will do it.
m-' űpe-Ø ṡuk-e̋m óita n-om u=kı̋-a
1-ELIS above-ABS star-G.p by 3-A.s FUT=do-IND


  • 12. nóóla - separates dimensions when describing the size of something
zõðlűs auste̋ro le̋sm̃o na̋a̋l venhőm nóóla tı̋r ve̋nhon ka̋a̋pa:
The farmer's east pasture measures three kilometers by four.
zõðl-űs auste̋ro-Ø le̋sm̃-o na̋a̋l venh-őm nóóla tı̋r ve̋nh-on ka̋a̋p-a
farmer-G.s east-ABS pasture-N.s four kilometer-G.p by three kilometer-A.p measure-IND


Adverb

  • 13. ṍnu - along a path which runs by the speaker
ǧe̋nus e-ge̋þa. méti sőþlus ṍnu e-mı̋ma:
The women watched as the soldiers rode by.
ǧe̋n-us e=ge̋þ-a méti sőþl-us ṍnu e=mı̋m-a
woman-N.p PST=watch-IND as soldier-N.p by PST=ride-IND


  • 14. kómu - in the vicinity, near
ta̋a̋ta kómu e-ṡűra. méti su-sűűnu ehe̋rom éna e-še̋ma:
The father stood by as his son swam in the lake.
ta̋a̋t-a kómu e=ṡűr-a méti su=sűűn-u ehe̋r-om éna e=še̋m-a
father-N.s by PST=stand-IND as his=son-N.s lake-A.s in PST=swim-IND


  • 15. énu - to or at a place, as a residence or place of business
m̃us daara̋s pósa én' u-de̋usa:
We'll stop by after work.
m̃-us daar-a̋s pósa én-' u=de̋us-a
1p-N word-G.s after by-ELIS FUT=stop-IND
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