Kandaxangg: Difference between revisions
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{|style="background:#f9f9f9; float: right; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width:30%; font-size:95%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 | {|style="background:#f9f9f9; float: right; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width:30%; font-size:95%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 | ||
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!colspan=2 style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; font-size: 110%;"| Kandaxangg | !colspan=2 style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; font-size: 110%;"| Kandaxangg (Kondaxongg) | ||
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|style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Pronounced: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| ['kɑ.ⁿdə.Ɂɑⁿⁿg] | |style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Pronounced: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| ['kɑ.ⁿdə.Ɂɑⁿⁿg] | ||
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=Background= | =Background= | ||
Kandaxangg is the language of the Nggang, the human inhabitants of the Nangah-Riki, the Northern Archipelago, who dwell in villages upon the shores while the fey Nggang-Angik, the Predecessors, live within the mirror-world of the glaciers. Tangg-Nggang ( | Kandaxangg (Kondaxongg) is the language of the Nggang (Nggong), the human inhabitants of the Nangah-Riki (Nangoh-Ruku), the Northern Archipelago, who dwell in villages upon the shores while the fey Nggang-Angik (Nggong-Anguk), the Predecessors, live within the mirror-world of the glaciers. Tangg-Nggang (Tangg-Nggong) culture is paleolithic, animist, and illiterate. The Nggang hunt seals and sometimes birds (including the ptarmigan, 'kandaxang' (kondaxong). Despite this nomadic lifestyle, Tangg-Nggang culture is highly unified in worship and ethics, valuing cooperation, honesty, and piety towards the triple goddess Handangangg (Hondangongg), Iring (Irung), and Xanggah (Xonggoh). Tangg-Nggang men have a cult of Nggang-Hindangg Handangand (Nggong-Hundangg Hondangond), Grandfather Sun, who stays long months in the sky in the summer months, but leaves on a hunting expedition in the winter. Nggang-Hindangg Nandang (Nggong-Hundangg Nandang), Grandmother Moon, presides over the cult of women and the left side of the tent. | ||
=Phonology and Orthography= | =Phonology and Orthography= | ||
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Kandaxangg lacks grammatical gender, although some nouns have a natural gender. If gender specification is needed, the following nouns are used: | Kandaxangg lacks grammatical gender, although some nouns have a natural gender. If gender specification is needed, the following nouns are used: | ||
nanggingg man | nanggingg (nanggungg) man | ||
nirangg woman | nirangg (nirongg) woman | ||
xanding stone | xanding (xonding) stone | ||
==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||
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There are four personal pronouns in Kandaxangg | There are four personal pronouns in Kandaxangg | ||
nangg - 1st person | nangg (nangg) - 1st person | ||
hanggang - 2nd person | hanggang (honggong) - 2nd person | ||
andang - 3rd person | andang (andang) - 3rd person | ||
ndanga - 4th person | ndanga (ndanga) - 4th person | ||
==Other Pronouns== | ==Other Pronouns== | ||
nggang - one; person | nggang (nggong) - one; person | ||
=Numbers= | =Numbers= | ||
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Kandaxangg numbers are quinary. After the initial binary system (the Nggang have no concept of zero), the system operates with a central focus number flanked by two lesser subtractive numbers and two greater additive numbers. It is rare that a Nggang needs to count discrete objects higher than fifteen (15). Scholars of Kandaxangg hypothesize that the proto-Kandaxangg system was ternary, later expanded to quinary by subtraction and to the current system by subtraction and addition. Kandaxangg also possesses a detailed set of measurement words which ameliorates the paucity of the number system. | Kandaxangg numbers are quinary. After the initial binary system (the Nggang have no concept of zero), the system operates with a central focus number flanked by two lesser subtractive numbers and two greater additive numbers. It is rare that a Nggang needs to count discrete objects higher than fifteen (15). Scholars of Kandaxangg hypothesize that the proto-Kandaxangg system was ternary, later expanded to quinary by subtraction and to the current system by subtraction and addition. Kandaxangg also possesses a detailed set of measurement words which ameliorates the paucity of the number system. | ||
1 ndang | 1 ndang (ndang) | ||
2 kand | 2 kand (kond) | ||
3 kand kang randax | 3 kand kang randax (kond kong rondax) | ||
4 ndang kang randax | 4 ndang kang randax (ndang kong rondax) | ||
5 randax | 5 randax (rondax) | ||
6 randax tandax ndang | 6 randax tandax ndang (rondax tandax ndang) | ||
7 randax tandax kand | 7 randax tandax kand (rondax tandax kond) | ||
8 kand kang nandik | 8 kand kang nandik (kond kong nandik) | ||
9 ndang kang nandik | 9 ndang kang nandik (ndang kong nandik) | ||
10 nandik | 10 nandik (nandik) | ||
11 nandik tandax ndang | 11 nandik tandax ndang (nandik tandax ndong) | ||
12 nandik tandax kand | 12 nandik tandax kand (nandik tandax kond) | ||
13 kand kang arangg | 13 kand kang arangg (kond kong arongg) | ||
14 ndang kang arangg | 14 ndang kang arangg (ndang kong arongg) | ||
15 arangg | 15 arangg (arongg) | ||
16 arangg tandax ndang | 16 arangg tandax ndang (arongg tandax ndang) | ||
17 arangg tandax kand | 17 arangg tandax kand (arongg tandax kond) | ||
=Colors= | =Colors= | ||
white - ndarand | white - ndarand (ndarond) | ||
black - tangganingga | black - tangganingga (tanggeninggo) | ||
red - randingg | red - randingg (randingg) | ||
blue/green - rahand | blue/green - rahand (rohond) | ||
yellow - ndirand | yellow - ndirand (ndirond) | ||
=Animals= | =Animals= | ||
flightless bird - handangand | flightless bird - handangand (hondangond) | ||
flying bird - ndahand | flying bird - ndahand (ndahond) | ||
ptarmigan - kandaxang | ptarmigan - kandaxang (kandexong) | ||
Revision as of 12:10, 3 July 2017
| Kandaxangg (Kondaxongg) | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | ['kɑ.ⁿdə.Ɂɑⁿⁿg] |
| Timeline and Universe: | Polycosm, Unknown World |
| Species: | Humanoid |
| Spoken: | Nangah-Riki Archipelago |
| Total speakers: | 10,000-13,000. |
| Writing system: | None |
| Genealogy: | Isolate |
| Typology: | |
| Morphology: | Isolating |
| Morphosyntax: | Nominative |
| Word order: | SVO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Linguarum Magister |
| Created: | Spring, 2016 (updated Summer 2017) |
Background
Kandaxangg (Kondaxongg) is the language of the Nggang (Nggong), the human inhabitants of the Nangah-Riki (Nangoh-Ruku), the Northern Archipelago, who dwell in villages upon the shores while the fey Nggang-Angik (Nggong-Anguk), the Predecessors, live within the mirror-world of the glaciers. Tangg-Nggang (Tangg-Nggong) culture is paleolithic, animist, and illiterate. The Nggang hunt seals and sometimes birds (including the ptarmigan, 'kandaxang' (kondaxong). Despite this nomadic lifestyle, Tangg-Nggang culture is highly unified in worship and ethics, valuing cooperation, honesty, and piety towards the triple goddess Handangangg (Hondangongg), Iring (Irung), and Xanggah (Xonggoh). Tangg-Nggang men have a cult of Nggang-Hindangg Handangand (Nggong-Hundangg Hondangond), Grandfather Sun, who stays long months in the sky in the summer months, but leaves on a hunting expedition in the winter. Nggang-Hindangg Nandang (Nggong-Hundangg Nandang), Grandmother Moon, presides over the cult of women and the left side of the tent.
Phonology and Orthography
Consonants
There are three voiceless obstruents, coronal, velar, and glottal [t] /t/, [k] /k/, and [Ɂ] /x/.
There are two voiced and prenasalized obstruents, coronal and velar [nd] /nd/ and [ᵑg] /ngg/.
There are two nasals, coronal and velar [n] /n/ and [ŋ] /ng/.
There is one fricative, glottal [h] /h/.
There is one lateral/rhotic, uvular [ᴚ] /r/. Whether [ᴚ] /r/ is grouped with non-coronal or glottal consonants varies by dialect.
In phonotaxis, the consonants are divided into coronal and non-coronal consonants. The non-coronal consonants are further divided into glottal and non-glottal consonants.
Vowels
There are three vowels phonetically but two vowels orthographically.
[i] /i/ is a high unrounded front vowel. It is considerably rarer than /a/.
[ɯ] is the allophone of [i] after a non-coronal consonant.
[ɯⁿ] is the allophone of [i] after a glottal consonant.
[ɐ] /a/ is a low unrounded vowel most of the time; it can also be a mid unrounded vowel as a linking vowel.
[ɑ] is the allophone of [ɐ] after a non-coronal consonant.
[ɑⁿ] is tne allophone of [ɑ] after a glottal consonant.
[ə] /a/ is a mid unrounded vowel.
[ɤ] is the allophone of [ə] after a non-coronal consonant.
[ɤⁿ] is the allophone of [ə] after a glottal consonant.
Alternative Orthography
Although most scholars of Kandaxangg use the orthography detailed above, an alternative orthography (Alternate Vowel Orthography or AVO) exists, based on the desire to more clearly distinguish the non-coronal allophones. In AVO, the non-coronal allophones of /i/ are written as /u/ and those of [ɐ] /a/ as /o/, and all allophones of [ə] /a/ as /e/. The majority opinion objects to this because the orthographical presence of back vowels implies rounding which is not present in Kandaxangg, to which the minority opinion responds that the two-vowel orthographic system is unnecessarily confusing and does not adequately reflect the surface forms.
Nouns
Basic Nouns
Kandaxangg lacks grammatical gender, although some nouns have a natural gender. If gender specification is needed, the following nouns are used:
nanggingg (nanggungg) man
nirangg (nirongg) woman
xanding (xonding) stone
Pronouns
There are four personal pronouns in Kandaxangg
nangg (nangg) - 1st person
hanggang (honggong) - 2nd person
andang (andang) - 3rd person
ndanga (ndanga) - 4th person
Other Pronouns
nggang (nggong) - one; person
Numbers
Kandaxangg numbers are quinary. After the initial binary system (the Nggang have no concept of zero), the system operates with a central focus number flanked by two lesser subtractive numbers and two greater additive numbers. It is rare that a Nggang needs to count discrete objects higher than fifteen (15). Scholars of Kandaxangg hypothesize that the proto-Kandaxangg system was ternary, later expanded to quinary by subtraction and to the current system by subtraction and addition. Kandaxangg also possesses a detailed set of measurement words which ameliorates the paucity of the number system.
1 ndang (ndang)
2 kand (kond)
3 kand kang randax (kond kong rondax)
4 ndang kang randax (ndang kong rondax)
5 randax (rondax)
6 randax tandax ndang (rondax tandax ndang)
7 randax tandax kand (rondax tandax kond)
8 kand kang nandik (kond kong nandik)
9 ndang kang nandik (ndang kong nandik)
10 nandik (nandik)
11 nandik tandax ndang (nandik tandax ndong)
12 nandik tandax kand (nandik tandax kond)
13 kand kang arangg (kond kong arongg)
14 ndang kang arangg (ndang kong arongg)
15 arangg (arongg)
16 arangg tandax ndang (arongg tandax ndang)
17 arangg tandax kand (arongg tandax kond)
Colors
white - ndarand (ndarond)
black - tangganingga (tanggeninggo)
red - randingg (randingg)
blue/green - rahand (rohond)
yellow - ndirand (ndirond)
Animals
flightless bird - handangand (hondangond)
flying bird - ndahand (ndahond)
ptarmigan - kandaxang (kandexong)
