Senjecas - List of Conjunctions

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	õ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Coordinating conjunctions - párƣeðsa̋m̃o

• 1. da connects two clauses or sentences: and.

su se̋dom áfa e-e̋e̋ga da te̋rom e-vı̋da:

She got up from her chair and left the room.

• 2. ésti denotes in spite of what preceded: but, however, yet, although, nevertheless, on the other hand

mu mum tum że̋e̋nu e-na̋ma. ésti műnu e-vűűa:

I thought I knew you, yet I was wrong.

• 3. éti denotes in addition to: plus, and in addition to, as well as.

ande̋ru ṡa̋bom éti suumnı̋zom e-sa̋a:

In addition to the hat, the lady bought an umbrella.

• 4. -m̃e denotes two alternatives, either of which could be true: or.

ma̋a̋ma dork̬ős tááda m̃úm do alvĕða̋a̋nomm̃e k̬a̋zomm̃e u-tőƣa:

Mother will bring us barley bread or wheat bread for supper.

• 5. m̃o denotes a situation in which there are only two alternatives: or, or else.

mum sűne m̃o ɠa̋le:

Go with me or stay.

• 6. ném̃o denotes negative alternative: or not.

tu mum sune̋ȝa ném̃o:

You may go with me or not.

• 7. ƥűvi denotes a consequence; so-, (such-, -that).

kétu me̋e̋a a̋han e-sűűm̃a. ƥűvi pa̋ðo e-ne̋va:

It rained so many days that the dam burst.

• 8. þóósi denotes on the contrary: but (rather).

le̋e̋gu e-tőpa. þóósi kétu xa̋lo e-e̋sa:

The doctor arrived but it was too late.

Subordinating conjunctions

• 9. ávi denotes at the moment when: as soon as.

nőmom e-vĭvı̋da. ávi ha̋m̃aþu ĭ̋la:

He had left home as soon as he was called.

• 10. ébi denotes possibility: in case, in the event that, if

m̃us nómþi u-ɠa̋a̋la. ébi suum̃e̋ȝa:

If it rains, we'll stay home.

• 11. épi denotes in the same way that: as, so, in like manner, the way; in the capacity of.

mu som u-kĭ̋a. épi e̋e̋vlu e̋e̋va:

I will do it as the commander has ordered.

• 12. fési denotes up to the time that: before, until, ere.

ðűűo ǧa̋rom éva me̋e̋e sűűm̃em e-pa̋usa. fési m̃u-le̋ðom e-tőpa:

Before (ere) it reached our valley the storm dumped a lot of rain on the mountain.

• 13. hi denotes by or for the cause that: because, as, for, since, now that, given that.

m̃us bázvi na̋a̋nu ke̋la. hi la̋a̋ta ááþvi tőpa:

We must return early since (because, as, for, given that) night falls quickly.

• 14. k̨ára denotes in the circumstance(s) that: if, provided that, on the condition that, whether, as long as [with sbj.].

vĭva̋dos e̋so. k̨ára mum e-sune̋ȝa:

It would be better if (provided that, as long as) you went with me.

• 15. láṡ̬i denotes in a manner suggesting: as if, as though, like [with sbj.].

mől̤u kı̋a. láṡ̬i túmave̋ȝa:

The miller acts as if he were about to sneeze.

• 16. méi denotes varying through time in the same proportion that: as.

mu ziþa̋sa. méi ðűűo e-ȝőba:

I began to worry as the storm approached.

• 17. metáádi denotes for fear that: lest, so that...not [with sbj.].

su bu a̋tu ke̋la. metáádi nőbon vane̋ȝa:

He should go outside for a moment lest (so that) he (not) damage his lungs.

• 18. méti denotes at such time as: when, at the same time-, -that, -as, at the time that, at the time(s) at which, whenever, while, during the time at which, as, as-, -long-, -soon-, -as.

m̃us étu tőnom e-a̋m̃a. méti num tűmu e-a̋m̃a:

When we heard him sneeze, we also heard the thunder.

• 19. móódi denotes in such or which way: how

mu sa̋a̋ra. móódi dőþom de̋xu ma̋ƣa:

I know how I can get some money.

• 20. nóóli denotes to such an extent: insofar as, inasmuch as, in that.

m̃ı̋ru m̃un e-þőna. nóóli kőuku e-e̋sa:

Inasmuch as the man was a cripple, he helped us.

• 21. ópi introduces an indirect question: whether

mu sa̋a̋ra ne. ópi atı̋ı̋ha:

I do not know whether I want to go.

• 22. pósi denotes that an action takes place after another action: after.

tu le̋idu vide̋ȝa. pósi sűűm̃e u-de̋usa:

You may go out to play after the rain stops.

• 24. sáámi denotes a concession: though, although, while, notwithstanding, even-, -if, -though, albeit.

kı̋lrus éstu ǧarfőőlan na̋a̋a. sáámi sűűm̃e fésvi alme̋e̋a a̋han e-de̋usa:

Although the rain stopped several days ago, the [Lithan] villagers still fear landslides.

• 25. sííri denotes up to a certain time or place: as far/much/ many as, until.

e-suum̃e̋la. sííri da̋a̋es e-þ̨a̋la:

It rained and rained until the rivers overflowed.

• 26. síti denotes as example: as, such as, for example, by way of.

m̃us ǧa̋lam ga̋uða. síti fésu nĭna̋ka neánu:

We are experiencing a drought such as we’ve never seen before.

• 27. sómi denotes a comparison: like; than [when comparing sentences].

mu gáámu tum ka̋a. sómi sum:

I like you more than (I like) her.

mu gáámu tum ka̋a. sómi su tum ka̋a:

I like you more than she does (likes you).

• 28. ši denotes an exception to a previous statement: except (that), but (that), were it not that.

mu me̋xam vide̋ȝa. ši mőre nĭne̋ṡa:

I would leave the country but (that) (except that, were it not that) my horse has died.

• 29. táádi denotes purpose: so that, in order that [with sbj.].

mu fúnen sa' u-ke̋la. táádi ta̋ƣom tode̋ȝa:

I will have to buy another so that I may start the journey.

• 30. toáári denotes in a certain case: then [apodosis] [N.B. This clause is placed after the protasis, since the protasis is also a dependent clause.]

ébi mu ánen sae̋ȝa. toáári taƣe̋dom sa̋' u-ke̋la:

If I buy another, (then) I will have to buy provisions.

• 31. vái denotes at or in which place or situation: where.

mu m̃ŭm̃űna. vái mu-ta̋a̋zlos e-ðe̋e̋a:

I have forgotten where I put my keys.

Correlative conjunctions

• 32. épi ...épi... denotes a comparison of the same way or like manner: as...so....

épi t' u-se̋e̋a. épi t' u-me̋e̋þa:

As you sow, so shall you reap.

• 33. -k̬e...-k̬e connects two words: and.

su' sa̋xomk̬e ka̋komk̬e k̬a̋zomk̬e tőƣu móóda u-aðne̋ma:

They will contribute by bringing beer, chicken and bread.

• 34. m̃o... m̃o... denotes a situation in which there are only two alternatives: either...or.

tu m̃o dőrk̬om ávi u-e̋da m̃o u-de̋e̋a:

You will either eat your dinner right now or you will go to bed.

• 35. nék̬e...nék̬e denotes the negative of either; neither... nor.

nék̬e se̋sos nék̬e gűno bőþam ápa sőþlum e-sűka:

Neither threats nor torture turned the soldier from his duty.

• 36. ne sólvi... þóósi étu, not only...but also.

ne sólvi gőbu vűa. þóósi étu ƣosa̋a̋ru vűa:

Not only is he handsome, (but) he is also brilliant.

• 37. ópi...ópi... denotes multiple alternative possibilities; whether...or.

ópi tu ɠa̋a̋la. ópi a̋ta tu-re̋ko e̋sa:

Whether you stay or go is your decision.

• 38. sómi...sómi..., (just) as...so.

sóm’ iðr̨őnus m̃õðga̋þon żűsa. sómi aaþ̨őnusĕ s̨oofga̋þon żűsa:

Just as Ethrans love rosehips, so Pyrans love sloe berries.

• 39. vóói...vóói... denotes including two alternatives; both...and...

vóói sőþlus vóói kőővus me̋bom do u-ǧe̋ma:

Both the soldiers and the nobles will come to the dance.