Proto-Uralic/distribution: Difference between revisions

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(→‎Missing in 3 branches: + 'bite', 'rotten')
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==Missing in 3 branches==
==Missing in 3 branches==
(63 roots)
(65 roots)


{|
{|
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* '''#läpd₁ä''' 'spleen' (F Mo Ms)
* '''#läpd₁ä''' 'spleen' (F Mo Ms)
* '''*soskə-''' 'to chew', '''*ulkə''' 'pole' (F Ma H)
* '''*soskə-''' 'to chew', '''*ulkə''' 'pole' (F Ma H)
* '''*čaŋa-''' 'to hit' (F P H)
* '''*čaŋa-''' 'to hit', '''*këččɜ''' 'rotten' (F P H)
* '''*närə''' 'nose' (F H Ms)
* '''*närə''' 'nose' (F H Ms)
* '''*panča-''' 'to open' (F H Smy)
* '''*panča-''' 'to open' (F H Smy)
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* '''*tekə-''' 'to do' (Ma P Smy)
* '''*tekə-''' 'to do' (Ma P Smy)
* '''*kälü''' 'sis-in-law', '''*šarəwa''' 'dry' (Ma H Ms)
* '''*kälü''' 'sis-in-law', '''*šarəwa''' 'dry' (Ma H Ms)
* '''*laśkɜ-''' 'to let go', '''*tarkə-''' 'to tremble' (Ma H Smy)
* '''*kačka-''' 'to bite', '''*laśkɜ-''' 'to let go', '''*tarkə-''' 'to tremble' (Ma H Smy)
* '''*säppä''' 'gall', '''*päŋə''' 'head', '''*waja-''' 'to sink' (Ma Kh Smy)
* '''*säppä''' 'gall', '''*päŋə''' 'head', '''*waja-''' 'to sink' (Ma Kh Smy)
* '''*marja''' 'berry' (P H Smy)
* '''*marja''' 'berry' (P H Smy)
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! S !! F !! Mo !! Ma !! P !! H !! Ms !! Kh !! Smy
! S !! F !! Mo !! Ma !! P !! H !! Ms !! Kh !! Smy
|-
|-
| 17 || 11 || 30 || 25 || 12 || 30 || 17 || 23 || 27
| 17 || 12 || 30 || 26 || 13 || 32 || 17 || 23 || 28
|}
|}


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! F
! F
| style="background:lightgrey"|
| style="background:lightgrey"|
| 4 || 2 || 2 || 7 || 2 || 1 || 3
| 4 || 2 || 3 || 8 || 2 || 1 || 3
|-
|-
! Mo
! Mo
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! Ma
! Ma
| style="background:lightgrey" colspan="3"|
| style="background:lightgrey" colspan="3"|
| 4 || 9 || 4 || 4 || 10
| 4 || 10 || 4 || 4 || 11
|-
|-
! P
! P
| style="background:lightgrey" colspan="4"|
| style="background:lightgrey" colspan="4"|
| 4 || 0 || 2 || 4
| 5 || 0 || 2 || 4
|-
|-
! H
! H
| style="background:lightgrey" colspan="5"|
| style="background:lightgrey" colspan="5"|
| 8 || 7 || 10
| 8 || 7 || 11
|-
|-
! Ms
! Ms

Revision as of 09:46, 18 January 2017

Missing in 0-1 branches

(72 roots)

Found in all branches
  • pronouns: *ku- 'who', *me- '1PP', *mi- 'what', *minä ¹ '1PS', *to 'that'
  • basic verbs: *elä- ² 'to live', *kalə- 'to die', *kad₂a- 'to disappear', *ńalə- 'to lick', *ńälə- 'to swallow', *puna- 'to plait', *ujə- 'to swim'
  • body parts: *künčə ³ 'nail', *mëksa 'liver', *sënə 'vein', *sülə 'bosom', *śilmä 'eye', *śɜd₁äm(ə) 'heart'
  • other nouns: *ëla 'low', *nimə 'name', *ńëlə 'arrow', *ńërə 'moist/wet', *pälä ⁴ 'half', *pesä 'nest', *purkə ⁵ 'smoke/blizzard', #wäśkä 'metal'
  • etc: *kuma- 'overturned', #kɜk/ttA '2', #wittə '5'
  1. Ms. *äm, Hu. én questionable
  2. Mo. *eŕa- irregular
  3. Smy. *kəčä irregular
  4. S. *pealē irregular
  5. Hu. forr 'to boil' questionable
Found everywhere except Samoyedic
  • numerals: #kormɜ '3', #kuwtə '6', *ńeljä '4', *śëta '100'
  • others: *jäŋə 'ice', *jećə ¹ 'soul', *kälä- 'to wade', *kätə 'hand', *keččä ² 'ring', *kerə 'bark', #kuwlə- 'to hear', *tälwə 'winter', *sükśə 'autumn', *śarw/pə 'horn', *wajə 'butter', *wäkə 'power', *werə 'blood', *wɜd₁ɜm 'marrow'
 ¹ K. ać unclear

² Mo. či 'sun' unclear

Found everywhere except Khanty
*lämə 'broth'
Found everywhere except Hungarian
#kowsə 'spruce', *kärə- 'to wrap', *d₂ëmə 'bird cherry', *poŋə 'bosom', *porə- 'to bite', *wü/ilɜ 'upper'
Found everywhere except Permic
*joŋsə 'bow', *kala 'fish', *konta 'group', *muna 'egg', *śinśä ¹ 'inside' ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear
Found everywhere except Mari
*pelə- 'to fear', *tulka ¹ 'feather', *tu/üd₂kA 'prod' ¹ F. *sulka?!
Found everywhere except Mordvinic
*kunśə(-) '(to) pee', *menə- 'to go', *pončə 'tail', #sɜja 'sleeve'¹, *śälə- 'to cut' ¹ F. hija unclear
Found everywhere except Finnic
*ipsə/ä- '(to) smell', #sejə 'pus' ¹ Mo. unclear
Found everywhere except Samic
*küńä 'elbow', *piŋə ¹ 'tooth', *walə- 'to be' ¹ Smy. *pəj 'flint' unclear
Totals
S F Mo Ma P H Ms Kh Smy
69 70 67 69 67 66 72 71 54

Missing in 2 branches

(65 roots)

Finnic Mordvinic Mari Permic Hungarian Mansi Khanty Samoyedic
Samic *kuńa- 'to blink' *täwd₁ə 'full' (Ma. irreg.) *sewə- 'to eat' *kompa 'wave' *lowə 'bone'
*pAnə- 'to put'
*śača- 'to grow'		 *wetə 'water' *kiwə 'stone'
*sula- 'to melt'
Finnic *ëńa 'aunt'
*soŋə- 'to go thru'		 *këččə 'bitter'
*ńërə 'cartilage'
(if not = 'moist')		 *oŋə 'mouth' (?) *mälkə 'breast'
*peljä 'ear'
Mordv. *mińä 'dtr-in-law'
*pura 'bore'
*pušə- 'to blow' 		*ëppə 'pa-in-law'
*śojə(-) '(to) sound'
*śowə 'mouth'		 *suxə- 'to row'
*sɜnśɜ- 'to stand'		 *jɜxə- 'to drink' *puća- 'to squeeze' (Ma. irreg.)
*särä 'root'
Mari *nüd₁ə 'handle' (H. irreg.)
*pala 'bit' 		*enä 'big' (P. irreg.)
*jëka- 'to divide'
*karə 'crust'
*kälə 'tongue'
*mexə- 'to sell'
#näjə 'girl, woman' 		*kulkə- 'to go' *ćäŋkə- 'to cut' (Mo. irreg.)
#kiśkä- 'to rip'
*kulə- 'to run out'
*näkə- 'to see'
*omtə 'cavity'
*śëlka 'pole'
*ü/ejə 'night'
Permic *kanta- 'to carry'
*sala- 'to steal'
*śüdₓə 'coal'		 #wiŋü 'son-in-law' (messy!) *pućka 'shit' (F. irreg.)
*wëlka- 'to leave'
Hung. *ëkta- 'to put' #kośkə 'dry'
*śečä 'uncle' 		*śepä 'neck'
*śëmə 'scales'
*śod₁(ka) 'goldeneye'
*śülkə 'spit'
Mansi *kajwa- 'to dig' (S. irreg.)
*lomə 'snow' (H. q:ble)
*te- '2PP'
*tinä '2PS' 		*kota 'house'
*pilwə 'cloud'
*śalə 'intestine' (H. q:ble)
Khanty *miŋä 'behind'
Total missing
S F Mo Ma P H Ms Kh Smy
10 8 12 22 14 21 11 9 23
Correlations
F Mo Ma P H Ms Kh Smy
S 1 1 1 1 3 0 1 2
F 0 2 2 0 1 0 2
Mo 3 3 2 0 1 2
Ma 2 6 1 0 7
P 3 1 0 2
H 1 2 4
Ms 4 3
Kh 1

Missing in 3 branches

(65 roots)

  • *ad₁əma 'sleep' (S F Smy)
  • *kojəra 'male animal', *sälɜ- 'to load', *warə 'mountain' (S Mo Ma)
  • *pata 'pot' (S Mo P)
  • *kütkə- 'to tie' (S Mo H)
  • *kama 'crust' (messy!), *üćä 'small' (S Mo Kh)
  • *täjə 'louse' (S Mo Smy)
  • *šiŋərə 'mouse' (S Ma Smy)
  • *totkə 'tench' (S P Kh)
  • *aśkəl 'step' (S H Kh)
  • *käjä 'moth', *pićlä ~ *pećrä 'rowan', *śawə 'clay' (S H Smy)
  • #küjə 'adder', *mośkə- 'to wash' (S Ms Kh)
  • *ńälmä 'tongue' (F Mo P)
  • *ńëkćəm 'gills', *wanča- 'to go carefully' (F Mo H)
  • #läpd₁ä 'spleen' (F Mo Ms)
  • *soskə- 'to chew', *ulkə 'pole' (F Ma H)
  • *čaŋa- 'to hit', *këččɜ 'rotten' (F P H)
  • *närə 'nose' (F H Ms)
  • *panča- 'to open' (F H Smy)
  • *ćappa- 'to hit' (F Kh Smy)
  • #kïra- 'to curse', *woča 'fish trap' (Mo Ma P)
  • *käwd₁ə 'rope', *parwə 'raft' (Mo Ma H)
  • *kixə- 'to rut', *(ń)imə- 'to suck' (Mo Ma Ms)
  • *wolka 'shoulder' (Mo Ma Kh)
  • *kolɜ 'hole', *lewlə 'soul', #wïča- 'to scrape' (Mo Ma Smy)
  • *ëptə 'hair' (Mo P H)
  • #lïntɜ 'bird' (Mo P Smy)
  • *pud₂a- 'to break', *siwə 'year ring' (Mo H Kh; S. irreg.)
  • *läppä 'cover', *śänä ~ *śenä 'mushroom' (Mo H Smy)
  • #üwä 'belt' (Mo Ms Kh)
  • *mu- 'other' (Mo Kh Smy)
  • *toxə- 'to bring' (Ma P H)
  • *tekə- 'to do' (Ma P Smy)
  • *kälü 'sis-in-law', *šarəwa 'dry' (Ma H Ms)
  • *kačka- 'to bite', *laśkɜ- 'to let go', *tarkə- 'to tremble' (Ma H Smy)
  • *säppä 'gall', *päŋə 'head', *waja- 'to sink' (Ma Kh Smy)
  • *marja 'berry' (P H Smy)
  • *ićä 'father; big' (P Kh Smy)
  • *no- 'those', *ora 'squirrel', *pečä 'pine', tulə 'fire' (H Ms Kh)
  • *läktə- 'to depart' (H Ms Smy)
  • *loŋə- 'to throw' (messy!), *penä 'dog', *wod₂ə 'new' (Ms Kh Smy)
Total missing
S F Mo Ma P H Ms Kh Smy
17 12 30 26 13 32 17 23 28
Correlations
F Mo Ma P H Ms Kh Smy
S 1 8 4 2 5 2 6 6
F 4 2 3 8 2 1 3
Mo 13 6 10 4 7 8
Ma 4 10 4 4 11
P 5 0 2 4
H 8 7 11
Ms 10 4
Kh 9
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