User:Masako/pataka: Difference between revisions
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== Consonants == | == Consonants == | ||
* '''Plosives''': /p t k ʔ/ | * '''Plosives''': /p t k ʔ/ [b d g ɢ] | ||
* '''Nasals''': /m n ɲ/ | * '''Nasals''': /m n ɲ/ | ||
* '''Continuants''': /s l h/ | * '''Continuants''': /s l h/ [ʃ ɦ] | ||
* '''Affricates''': /t͡s t͡ɬ/ | * '''Affricates''': /t͡s t͡ɬ/ [t͡ʃ t͡l] | ||
* '''Semivowels''': /j w/ | * '''Semivowels''': /j w/ | ||
<br> | |||
* Prenasalized: /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk/ | |||
* Labialized:/pʷ kʷ mʷ nʷ ʃʷ hʷ t͡ʃʷ/ | |||
* | * Palatalized: /pʲ kʲ mʲ hʲ/ | ||
* | |||
* | |||
== Allophones == | == Allophones == | ||
Revision as of 04:03, 2 October 2015
Introduction
Borrowing
Parts of Speech
Kala has three parts of speech, each with several subgroups.
- noma - nouns
- uati - verbs
- tatse - locative verbs (prepositions)
- peya - particles
- nita - interjections
- eka - affixes
Phonology
Consonants
- Plosives: /p t k ʔ/ [b d g ɢ]
- Nasals: /m n ɲ/
- Continuants: /s l h/ [ʃ ɦ]
- Affricates: /t͡s t͡ɬ/ [t͡ʃ t͡l]
- Semivowels: /j w/
- Prenasalized: /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk/
- Labialized:/pʷ kʷ mʷ nʷ ʃʷ hʷ t͡ʃʷ/
- Palatalized: /pʲ kʲ mʲ hʲ/
Allophones
Because of its small phoneme inventory, Kala allows for quite a lot of allophonic variation. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k] etc, and vowels may be either long or short. See list below.
- p can be /p/, [b], or [f]
- t can be /t/ or [d]
- k can be /k/ or [g]
- s can be /s/, [ʃ], or [z]
- h can be /h/ or [ɦ] (usually before front vowels)
- ts can be /t͡s/, [t͡ʃ], or [d͡ʒ]
- tl can be /t͡ɬ/ or [tl]
- u can be /w/ or [v] (only used in proper names)
- l can be /l/ or [ɾ]
Vowels
Morphology
Nouns
Verbs
Syntax
| Sentence | na nyoma ina | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Words | na | nyoma | ina | |||
| Gloss | I | (AG) | rice | (P) | eat | (pres) |
| Parts | Agent | Patient | Verb | |||
| Translation | I eat rice. | |||||
