User:Masako/pataka

Introduction

Parts of Speech

Kala has three parts of speech, each with several subgroups.

1. noma - nouns
2. uati - verbs
   1. tatse - locative verbs (prepositions)
3. peya - particles
   1. nita - interjections
   2. eka - affixes

Phonology

Consonants

• Plosives: /p t k ʔ/
• Nasals: /m n ɲ/
• Continuants: /s l h/
• Affricates: /t͡s t͡ɬ/
• Semivowels: /j w/

Prenasalization

• Plosives: /ᵐp ⁿt ᵑk/

Labialization

• Plosives: /pʷ kʷ/
• Nasals: /mʷ nʷ/
• Continuants: /ʃʷ hʷ/
• Affricates: /t͡ʃʷ/

Palatalization

• Plosives: /pʲ kʲ/
• Nasals: /mʲ/
• Continuants: /hʲ/

Allophones

Because of its small phoneme inventory, Kala allows for quite a lot of allophonic variation. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k] etc, and vowels may be either long or short. See list below.

• p can be /p/, [b], or [f]
• t can be /t/ or [d]
• k can be /k/ or [g]
• s can be /s/, [ʃ], or [z]
• h can be /h/ or [ɦ] (usually before front vowels)
• ts can be /t͡s/, [t͡ʃ], or [d͡ʒ]
• tl can be /t͡ɬ/ or [tl]
• u can be /w/ or [v] (only used in proper names)
• l can be /l/ or [ɾ]

Syntax

Sentence	na nyoma ina
Words	na		nyoma		ina
Gloss	I	(AG)	rice	(P)	eat	(pres)
Parts	Agent		Patient		Verb
Translation	I eat rice.