User:Masako/pataka: Difference between revisions
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<h1>Pronunciation</h1> | <h1>Pronunciation</h1> | ||
<h2>consonants</h2> | |||
<p>Where ~ appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes.</p> | |||
<p>This means that a word like <b>pala</b> can be pronounced any one of several ways; [pala], [bala], [para], or [bara] without confusion.</p> | |||
<p>Nasals: <b>m</b> – /m/, <b>n</b> – /n/, <b>ny</b> – /ɲ/<br> | |||
Plosives: <b>p</b> – /p~b/, <b>t</b> – /t~d/, <b>k</b> – /k~g/, <b>‘</b> /ʔ/<br> | |||
Affricates: <b>ts</b> – /t͡s~t͡ʃ/, <b>tl</b> – /t͡l~ t͡ɬ/<br> | |||
Continuants: <b>s</b> – /s~ʃ/, <b>h</b> – /h~ɦ/, <b>l</b> – /l~r/<br> | |||
Semivowels: <b>u</b> – /w/, <b>y</b> – /j/</p> | |||
<p>Labialized consonants: /pʷ/, /kʷ/, /mʷ/, /nʷ/, /sʷ/, /hʷ/, /t͡ʃʷ/<br> | |||
Palatalized consonants: /pʲ/, /kʲ/, /mʲ/, /hʲ/</p> | |||
<h2>vowels</h2> | |||
<p>Kala has five vowels /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/ and /u/.</p> | |||
<h2>diphthongs</h2> | |||
<p>Both of the falling diphthongs, <b>ai</b> [aɪ] and <b>ao</b> [aʊ], as well as <b>uai</b> [waɪ] and <b>yao</b> [jaʊ] only occur word finally.</p> | |||
<h2>allophony</h2> | |||
<p>/h/ becomes /ɦ/ when preceded or followed by a front vowel</p> | |||
<p>The glottal stop is not phonemic but is included in the chart above. It is pronounced between two vowels and/or diphthongs that are not connected. </p> | |||
<p>The continuant <b>s</b> is [ʃ] in most positions but is [s] when adjacent to <b>ts</b>. However, one could pronounce them either way (e.g. always [s] & [t͡s]) and still be understood.</p> | |||
<p>Example:<br> | |||
<b>sitsa</b> – /’si:.tʃa/ – be warm; hot<br> | |||
<b>tsasu</b> – /’tʃa:.su/ – cursive or flowing writing</p> | |||
<h1>Writing</h1> | <h1>Writing</h1> | ||
Revision as of 10:01, 13 May 2015
Pronunciation
consonants
Where ~ appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes.
This means that a word like pala can be pronounced any one of several ways; [pala], [bala], [para], or [bara] without confusion.
Nasals: m – /m/, n – /n/, ny – /ɲ/
Plosives: p – /p~b/, t – /t~d/, k – /k~g/, ‘ /ʔ/
Affricates: ts – /t͡s~t͡ʃ/, tl – /t͡l~ t͡ɬ/
Continuants: s – /s~ʃ/, h – /h~ɦ/, l – /l~r/
Semivowels: u – /w/, y – /j/
Labialized consonants: /pʷ/, /kʷ/, /mʷ/, /nʷ/, /sʷ/, /hʷ/, /t͡ʃʷ/
Palatalized consonants: /pʲ/, /kʲ/, /mʲ/, /hʲ/
vowels
Kala has five vowels /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/ and /u/.
diphthongs
Both of the falling diphthongs, ai [aɪ] and ao [aʊ], as well as uai [waɪ] and yao [jaʊ] only occur word finally.
allophony
/h/ becomes /ɦ/ when preceded or followed by a front vowel
The glottal stop is not phonemic but is included in the chart above. It is pronounced between two vowels and/or diphthongs that are not connected.
The continuant s is [ʃ] in most positions but is [s] when adjacent to ts. However, one could pronounce them either way (e.g. always [s] & [t͡s]) and still be understood.
Example:
sitsa – /’si:.tʃa/ – be warm; hot
tsasu – /’tʃa:.su/ – cursive or flowing writing
