Nodrostic: Difference between revisions
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!Close | !Close | ||
| / | | /iː yː/ ''ii yy'' || || /uː/ ''uu'' | ||
|- | |||
!Near-close | |||
| /ɪ ʏ/ ''i y'' || || /ʊ/ ''u'' | |||
|- | |||
!Close-mid | |||
| /eː øː/ ''ee öö'' || || /oː/ ''oo'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Open-mid | !Open-mid | ||
| /ɛ œ/ ''e ö'' || || /ɔ/ ''o'' | | /ɛ œ/ ''e ö'' || /ɜː/ ''aa'' || /ɔ/ ''o'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Open | !Open | ||
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|} | |} | ||
* when unstressed, vowels | * when unstressed, vowels become more central | ||
* /a/ and /ɜː/ is realized as [ɑ] and [ʌː] when before or after a uvular consonant | |||
* /a/ and / | |||
== Vowel Harmony == | == Vowel Harmony == | ||
Revision as of 13:57, 11 May 2014
Nodrostaj
Phonology & Orthography
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | /p b/ p b | /t d/ t d | /k g/ c g | /q ɢ/ c g | /ʔ/ x | ||||
| Affricate | /ts/ ç | /tʃ/ ḉ | |||||||
| Nasal | /m/ m | /n/ n | /ŋ/ ng | /ɴ/ ng | |||||
| Trill | /r/ r | ||||||||
| Fricative | /f/ f | /θ/ z | /s/ s | /ʃ/ ś | /x/ k | /χ/ k | /h/ h | ||
| Lateral Fricative | /ɮ/ l | ||||||||
| Approximant | /ʋ/ v | /j/ j |
- /p t k q/ are realized as [p̚ t̚ k̚ q̚] word finally
- /b d g ɢ/ are realized as [β ð ɣ ʁ] after a vowel and before another vowel, a sibilant, or a liquid
- /k ɡ ŋ x/ and /q ɢ ɴ χ/ are in complementary distribution with the former occurring in a syllable containing front vowels and the latter occurring in a syllable containing back vowels
- /hm hn hŋ hɴ hr hɮ/ are realized as [m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ ɴ̥ r̥ ɬ]
- /r ɮ/ are realized as [r̥ ɬ] word finally
- geminated consonants are represented by doubling the consonants
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /iː yː/ ii yy | /uː/ uu | |
| Near-close | /ɪ ʏ/ i y | /ʊ/ u | |
| Close-mid | /eː øː/ ee öö | /oː/ oo | |
| Open-mid | /ɛ œ/ e ö | /ɜː/ aa | /ɔ/ o |
| Open | /a/ a |
- when unstressed, vowels become more central
- /a/ and /ɜː/ is realized as [ɑ] and [ʌː] when before or after a uvular consonant
Vowel Harmony
The vowel harmony of Nodrostic is based on front/back harmony.
| Front | e | ö | y |
|---|---|---|---|
| Back | a | o | u |
| Neutral | i | ||
- a word whose vowels are only /i/ would take the front variants' affixing
Stress
Stress normally falls on the first syllable of a word. However, there is irregular stress. This is denoted by an acute accent on that specific syllable's vowel to show the irregularity.
Syllable Structure & Phonotactics
Morphology
Nouns
Verbs
Intransitive
| SG | DL | PL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1P | -vøs/vos | -vøl/vol | -venee/vanaa |
| 2P | -d | -del/dal | -denee/danaa |
| 3P | -eset/asat | -esel/asal | -esnee/asnaa |
Transitive
| 1P_SG | 2P_SG | 3P_SG | 1P_DL | 2P_DL | 3P_DL | 1P_PL | 2P_PL | 3P_PL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1P_SG | -vøs/vos | -vøl/vol | -venee/vanaa | ||||||
| Second Person | -d | -del/dal | -denee/danaa | ||||||
| Third Person | -eset/asat | -esel/asal | -esnee/asnaa |
